Iron losses Torque Motor Branch and Bound Algorithm Optimization algorithms Electric motor Additive manufacturing Global optimization Sensitivity Analysis PIV 1D multi-physics model SIMP method Eddy currents 3-D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit 3D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Piezoelectricity Magnetic field Morphing Piézoélectricité Torque Electromagnetism Hysterons Electric Motors Piezoelectric transformer Inverse Problem Optimisation Numerical model Axial flux machines Magnetic Flux Leakage Branch&Bound Time-resolved PIV Piezoelectric actuators Analytical modeling GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Turbulence Smart materials Analytical model Magnetic scalar potential Energy harvesting Permanent Magnet Heat transfer enhancement PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Boundary integral equations Modèles numériques 3D finite difference method Aerodynamics Electromechanical impedance Optimal design Play model Thermic process Actionneurs Control Modélisation Magnetic coupling PDE-constrained optimization Electrical machines 3EP Moteur électrique Hysteresis Numerical simulation Deterministic global optimization Décharges partielles Shape-memory Alloys Actuators FDTD 3D FDTD HYBRIDIZATION Optimization Adjoint Method Synchronous Reluctance Inverse problem Sub-differential Modeling Conception Lorentz force law Rosen type transformer Shear layer Electromechanical actuator 3D FDTD Finite elements Optimal control Shape memory alloys Relaxation method Accouplement magnétique Force sensor Shooting method Topology Optimization Topology optimization HYBRIDIZATION Steel sheet Modèles analytiques Minor loops Design Nonlinear modeling Exact global optimization Post-buckled beams Partial discharges Maxwell equations Paschen Ironless Piezoelectric energy harvester Interval arithmetic