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, Such locations probably coincide with short-term mechanical coupling. Conversely, the extent to which short-term mechanical coupling contributes to effective detachment is unclear. Other details: detached slices may be partly exhumed (as shown here), underplated (compare with Fig. 2c), and may even be dragged down back into subduction. Reasonable values for strain rates the viscosity are indicated. Note the active shearing of channel material and the usual contrast between subduction and exhumation velocities (mm/yr). The thick grey line is highlighting finite strain of the group of slices detached during transient coupling. b -Close-up view on m-to hm-scale strain distribution across the plate interface, bridging our interpretation with that of Rowe et al. (2013), after which the sketch was adapted. Their 'cumulated deformed rocks' broadly corresponds to what we termed 'coupled interface thickness'. Their sketch was adapted so as to feature more general situations than mélanges (which only corresponds to one of the natural possibilities; this compilation) in the central portion of the fault. c -Evolution of the coupled interface thickness as a function of time. This evolution should be compared with that of Fig. 10. Rock recovery is controlled by periods when at least a portion of the plate interface gets increasingly coupled (or partly locked). See text for details (Sections 6.1 and 6.2). d -Evolution with depth of effective mechanical coupling at a given time (i.e. present-day, short-to long-term). Mechanical coupling is generally insufficient during steady state regime (though higher in the seimogenic zone and beyond~80 km) to promote detachment, Fig. 12. a -Integrated view of the subduction interface. Its thickness is (again) exaggerated for clarity and probably b300 m in general. The interface is shown with ongoing detachment along a portion of it (i.e

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P. Agard, 2014) are therefore required but yet unknown. We propose that changes in mechanical coupling impact the depth and/or strength contrast of the coupled/decoupled transitions (Figs.3c and 12d), thereby explaining preferential exhumation around 30 km and 80 km: -Near 30 km depth (i.e., the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone), mechanical coupling impacts deformation mechanisms fluctuating from frictional (potentially velocity weakening) to viscous flow (velocity strengthening, Lithos, 2002.

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, There is a first-order impact of subduction cooling on rock recovery, which is interpreted as reflecting a systematic trend from strong to weak mechanical coupling-after which (N~5 Myr) subduction is lubricated and mostly inhibits rock recovery

, ? Mechanical coupling, rather than tectonic slicing, is likely rate-limiting and controls the occasional detachment from the slab. Later exhumation (providing favorable density and viscosity conditions) likely shortly ensues after detachment

, Strain localization processes involve creep (notably grain size sensitive deformation mechanisms such as dissolution-precipitation) and possibly brittle fractures and EQ, ? Mechanical coupling depends on mantle wedge rheology, viscosity contrasts and initial structure

, ? We provide estimates for regular plate interface thickness (b300 m; i. e. where/when there is no detachment) and effective viscosity required for rock recovery

, ? Plate interface geometry will change during episodes of strong mechanical coupling: we herein use the concept of 'coupled thickness' to capture subduction interface dynamics and link long-term mechanical coupling with present-day, short-term mechanical coupling inferred from geophysical data

, Although most present-day subduction zone segments (both along strike and downdip) are likely below the detachment threshold, we propose that transitional zones between coupled and decoupled areas, notably at 30 km and 80 km depth, are most favorable for detachment and predict differences between warm and cold subduction settings

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