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.. .. Méthode,

L. .. Intercomparaison, , p.149

. .. Ac, Comparaison des efficacités d'extraction : 7 Be, 226 Ra et 227, p.153

, dans son utilisation comme traceur océanique de processus divers (upwelling, flux d'aérosols

G. Exercice,

, Les trois aliquotes de 300 mL ont été pesées dans des bouteilles en HDPE puis des réplicats ont été distribués à tous les laboratoires participants, Institut fédéral suisse de sciences aquatiques et technologies (EAWAG)

, Cependant les étapes de pré-concentration peuvent être différentes en fonction des laboratoires. La procédure que j'ai effectué au LEGOS est décrite ci-dessous

. L'échantillon-d, eau a été analysé directement, en utilisant soit le détecteur semi-plan qui permet d'analyser de grand volume mais qui présente une efficacité de détection plus faible, soit le déboîte «Caubère» dite «Small» (CAUBERE®, réf. 4510, Ø = 44 mm, H = 8 mm

, Ensuite, les échantillons ont été conditionnés de la même manière que pour les mesures directes

, Au cours de la procédure d'évaporation, aucun traceur chimique n'a été ajouté pour estimer le

, La quantification des activités de 7 Be nécessite de connaitre l'efficacité du détecteur à 477, vol.6

, Cette efficacité est ainsi déterminée à partir de la courbe d'efficacité obtenue à partir des différents matériaux de référence analysés à l'aide du spectromètre à rayons gamma, Ces matériaux de références et les radionucléides contenus dans ces matériaux

, Matériaux de référence utilisés pour calibrer les détecteurs Standards Radionucléides RGU1 234 Th

. Ac, 134 Cs, 137 Cs FIGURE 7.4 -Courbe d'efficacité de détection pour le détecteur semi-plantaire pour la géométrie «small

, 6 keV est déterminée à partir de la régression linéaire entre 200 et 1000 keV (figure 7.5 ; r = 0,996). Par exemple, le rendement à 477,6 keV ainsi obtenu pour la géométrie «small» (détecteur semi-planaire), vol.477

, 52 %), cela donne un rendement global de 0,664 % qui est utilisé pour déterminer les activités 7 Be dans les échantillons pour le détecteur semi-plan et la géométrie "small

, FIGURE 7.5 -Détermination de l'efficacité de détection à 477,6 keV ( 7 Be) en utilisant la courbe d'efficacité (détecteur semi-planaire

L. Intercomparaison,

G. Lors-de-la-campagne, Ces échantillons ont ensuite été pré-concentrés par co-précipitation par l'équipe de l'UAB à bord du N/O Pourquoi Pas ? et analysés une première fois à l'UAB. Ces étapes sont décrites par, 2017.

, car les activités mesurées étaient sous la limite de détection, En effet, les activités 7 Be sont faibles dans l'océan et diminues vite avec la profondeur. Les échantillons sous la limite de détection et 5 autres échantillons ont été analysés au LAFARA (tableau 7.3) afin d'obtenir des données supplémentaires et d'intercomparer les deux laboratoires, respectivement. En effet, les faibles bruits de fond des spectromètres du laboratoire souterrain LAFARA ont permis de détecter et quantifier les faibles activités de 7

, Les activités déterminées aux stations 21 et 44 sont égales aux erreurs près. Les activités mesurées aux stations 13, 32 et 69 sont légèrement différentes (à 1SD) mais cela reste acceptable, Ces échantillons présentent des activités comprises entre 1.44 et 3.56 Bq m -3 (figure 7.8)

, Les activités de 7 Be p sont faibles et varient entre 0,04 et 1,15 Bq m -3 (tableau 7.4). La proportion de 7 Be p dans le 7 Be t varie de 1 % à 66 % et sont en moyenne de 14 % ± 13 %

. Legos, UAB a récolté trois échantillons filtrés en plus de leur échantillonage du 7 Be t habituel. L'UAB a pré-concentré par co-précipiation et mesuré ces trois échantillons afin d'obtenir des valeurs de 7 Be dissous, vol.32

, Be d ?c al c ) à partir de la différence entre le 7 Be total (déterminé par l'UAB) et particulaire, Le 7 Be d peut être calculé

, Le 7 Be d est bien équivalent à la différence, Les activités de 7 Be d mesurées ( 7 Be d ) et calculées ( 7 Be t -7 Be p ) sont en accords aux barres d'erreurs près pour ces deux échantillons (figure 7.9

C. Mn, ;. Moore, and R. Beek, Gamma) min -1, 1973.

. Le-ra, La différence d'efficacités d'extraction entre le 226 Ra, l' 227 Ac et le 7 Be montre qu'il est donc important d'estimer les efficacités d'extraction pour chaque radionucléide et que cette efficacité

, de construire des sections de radium-226 et d'actinium-227 afin d'étudier la distribution de ces éléments chimiques dans différents environnements tels que les marges (marges du Portugal et du Groenland), les zones de formation d'eau profonde (mer du Labrador), mais aussi dans différentes masses d'eaux

, Ces informations sont utiles pour mieux comprendre les cycles du radium et de l'actinium dans l'océan, afin de déterminer s'ils sont affectés uniquement par la circulation et le mélange de masses d'eaux (traceurs conservatifs) ou par d'autres processus physico-chimiques (agrégation, sédimentation, de mieux comprendre le comportement chimique de ces deux traceurs et de mieux caractériser leurs sources et puits dans l'Atlantique Nord

, utiliser ces deux traceurs pour caractériser des processus et estimer différents flux (diffusion des sédiments, dissolution des particules, coefficient de mélange vertical, Les dif

, férentes périodes radioactives de ces deux traceurs permettent d'apporter des informations à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace (sources externes, cycles biogéochimiques, mélange vertical

. Premièrement, Le 226 Ra et le Ba ont été largement utilisés comme traceurs des masses d'eau et du mélange océanique ; l'étude de leur comportement chimique dans cette région est donc cruciale

, Les concentrations élevées de 226 Ra et Ba trouvées dans les eaux profondes du bassin ouest-européen suggèrent que les eaux profondes de l'Atlantique Nord-Est (Lower North East Atlantic Deep Water, NEADWl) accumulent du 226 Ra et du Ba provenant de la diffusion des sédiments et/ou de la dissolution des particules pendant le transport. À l'inverse, dans les premiers 1500 m du bassin ouest-européen, les déficits en 226 Ra et Ba s'expliquent probablement par leur incorporation dans des coquilles calcaires et siliceuses de plancton, ou dans la barytine (BaSO4) par des mécanismes de substitution ou d'adsorption. Enfin, du fait que le Ba et le 226 Ra ont des sources différentes

. Ra, En revanche, les anomalies positives de Ba peuvent s'expliquer soit par la diffusion du etc

, Un travail de comparaison des cartouches Mn (préparation, taille, et rendements de fixation) permettrait d'élaborer un protocole de préparation, d'échantillonnage et de mesure unique qui serait commun à tous les laboratoires. Ensuite, des exercices d

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