, Adult wild-type AB, Golden (see Note 3 and Note 4) and Tg(mpx::GFP) transgenic fish

, 5 mM Nacl, 0.17 mM KCl, 0.33 mM CaCl 2 , 0.33 mM MgSO 4 (from sterilized stock solutions) in sterilized water

. Stereomicroscope,

, Petri dishes 90x14 mm

, Very fine forceps, Tweezers #5 Dumont, Dumoxel/Biology Grade

, Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2 and B. stabilis LMG1429, expressing a fluorescent reporter

, Luria Bertani (LB) broth: 10 g Bacto-tryptone, 5g yeast extract, 10 g NaCl. Add to 800mL H2O. Adjust pH to 7.5 with NaOH. For agar plates add 1.5% Bacto agar. Adjust volume to 1L with dH2O and sterilize by autoclaving (121 °C, 20 minutes)

. Chloramphenicol, 100 mg/mL stock solution in 100% ethanol (store at -20°C): For Burkholderia, we use Luria Broth (LB) medium with 100 mg/l of chloramphenicol, vol.11

, Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 1x

, Phenol red (PR) solution, 0.5%

. Microinjector, Femto Jet (Eppendorf)

, Mechanical xyz micromanipulator arm, p.152

, Micro loader pipette tips

, Borosilicate glass capillaries, vol.10

, Agarose plates (1-1.5 % agarose in E3 medium) for injection containing slots of 1 by 1 mm, vol.13

, Tricaine (MS222) 20x, 400 mg in 100 mL of sterile water, adjust pH 7.0 with Tris-HCl 1M pH9 (around 2.1 mL). Aliquot in 15 mL tubes and freeze at -20°C. After use, keep at 4°C

, LB 1.5% agar plates (See section 2.2 step 2) with appropriate antibiotics, vol.14

, LB 1.5% agar plates, square dishes 125/15mm (~50 mL per plate) with appropriate antibiotics, vol.15

, Pipette man and tips

/. Trypsin and . Edta,

, Triton X-100 2% in H 2 O

, Inverted fluorescence and fluorescence multizoom microscopes with camera and supplied imaging software, vol.16

, Glass-bottom dishes

, Microscope depression slides

, Tools for qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analysis

, RNase-free work zone

, RNase-eliminating solution such as RNase Away

. Rnase,

D. Rnase and . Water,

. Trizol®,

7. Ethanol,

I. Dnase and R. Free,

, Photospectrometer to quantify RNA

, qPCR Primers with Tm of 60°C (see Note 48)

, Lightcycler 480 with software: Light Cycler, p.480

, well white plates with transparent sealing foils for Lightcycler 480 (Roche)

, SYBR Green mix adapted for your machine: For the LC480: Light Cycler 480 SYBR Green I Master (Roche)

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, Nous avons montré que B. cenocepacia K56-2 pouvait se répliquer dans les macrophages et causer une infection aiguë mortelle pour les embryons. En revanche, B. stabilis LMG14294 induit une infection persistante chez les embryons. Dans cette étude, nous avons montré que les macrophages jouaient un rôle-clé dans la multiplication de K56-2 et dans l'induction d'une réponse inflammatoire MyD88-dépendante, caractérisée par la surexpression des gènes codant pour Cxcl8 (ou IL-8) et l'IL-1b. En l'absence de macrophages, les bactéries sont incapables de se multiplier durant les premières 24h de l'infection, ce qui donne un avantage pour la survie des embryons. L'absence de MyD88 induit aussi l'augmentation de la survie des embryons infectés par K56-2. Mais de manière paradoxale, les bactéries se multiplient mieux chez les embryons myd88 -/-mutants que chez les embryons sauvages. Ceci suggère que ce n'est pas le nombre de bactéries qui est important pour l'infection, mais que c'est la réponse inflammatoire excessive causée par cette infection qui entraîne la mort des embryons. Afin d'avoir une vision globale des changements d'expression des gènes de l'hôte durant l'infection, nous avons effectué une expérience de RNAseq. Comme attendu, l'infection aiguë se caractérise par une importante modulation du transcriptome de l'hôte qui augmente avec le temps. A l'opposé, l'infection persistante n'induit que très peu de changements. La réponse immunitaire innée, Les bactéries appartenant au complexe Burkholderia cepacia (Bcc) provoquent des infections sévères chez les personnes atteintes de mucoviscidose. L'infection peut varier d'une forme asymptomatique à une forme plus aiguë pouvant entraîner une pneumonie nécrosante et une septicémie, connue sous le nom de syndrome cepacia

, Le rôle critique des macrophages lors d'une infection par Bcc chez les poissons zèbre est en accord avec les récentes observations cliniques. Ceci suggère que le stade intracellulaire de B. cenocepacia et la réponse inflammatoire qui s'ensuit peuvent être des cibles pour le développement de nouvelles thérapies permettant de lutter contre cette infection. Mots clés : Burkholderia cenocepacia