exploitants ne se focaliseront pas uniquement sur la saison pluvieuse de trois mois (Yobom, 2020) mais seront actifs économiquement sur toute la période de l'année ,
les effets néfastes du changement climatique sur l'agriculture. L'accès à l'eau d'irrigation via la pompe à moteur a augmenté l'épargne des ménages et l'assurance sociale informelle sous forme de transferts dans le nord du Mali (Dillon, 2008); la production de légumes toute l'année facilitée par l'irrigation des canaux dans le nord du Sénégal a augmenté l'apport de vitamine A et C et diminué l'incidence de l'émaciation chez les adultes et les enfants plus âgés, L'accroissement des superfices agricoles irriguées est un impératif à promouvoir par les États sahéliens dans la stratrégie de lutte et d'atténuation contre, 1993. ,
, Dans l'avenir, les analyses sur les impacts du climat sur la sécurité alimentaire pourraient être étendues aux zones agroécologiques pour donner une image plus complète ou même au niveau des ménages avec les données d'enquêtes qui sont en cours de collecte par la Banque Mondiale
, D'autres recherches futures pourraient également être effectuées sur les effets à court terme des chocs métérologiques sur les revenus et consommation des ménages sahéliens. Par exemple, il pourrait être intéressant d'approfondir les faits empiriques pour des futurs travaux en allant à une échelle plus petite que les zones agroécologiques, des données sur les champs. Par conséquent, il peut être intéressant d'étudier la manière dont le changement climatique peut affecter les inégalités sociales
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, 21 shows the evolution of per capita GDP growth for all Sahelian countries for the period 1980-2012. Despite an upward trend toward the end of the period, GDP per capita remains very low compared to that of advanced countries. The standard of living of the population is also low given the low income and lack of basic structures. Sudan has the highest growth rate of around US $ 2,000 per year. Ethiopia, Nigeria and Senegal also have an annual GDP per capita slightly above US $ 500. The situation is mixed for the other countries in the sample with an annual GDP
, Figure 3.21Evolution of the gross domestic product per capita of the Sahel countries, US dollars), 1960.
, Realization of the author from World Bank data
, Agronomic and food characteristics of the Sahel countries
Africa is the part of the world where malnutrition rates are highest at around 30% and the agricultural sector is the only sector able to meet the challenge of food insecurity in the face of population growth, the Sahelian countries, cereals play an important role in the domestic consumption of the Maize Millet Sorghum Wheat, 2000. ,
, Burkina's agricultural area increased from 8,785,000 ha in 2000 to 1,200,000 ha in 2012. Over the same period, maize production increased from 105 tonnes to 1556 tonnes. In terms of quantity of production, Burkina Faso produced more sorghum than millet and wheat over the period, Source: Realization of the author using data from the African Development Bank In all the countries of the Sahel, there is an increase in agricultural areas. For example, 1980.
, Source: Realization of the author using data from the African Development Bank Figure 3.67Somalia agro-ecological map
, Source: Author's production based on data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization Figure 3.70Food flows in Sudan, 1980.
, Source: Realization of the author using data from the African Development Bank