. Genomes-project-consortium, A. Auton, L. D. Brooks, R. M. Durbin, E. P. Garrison et al., A global reference for human genetic variation, Nature, vol.526, pp.68-74, 2015.

T. Abel, P. V. Nguyen, M. Barad, T. A. Deuel, E. R. Kandel et al., Genetic Demonstration of a Role for PKA in the Late Phase of LTP and in Hippocampus-Based Long-Term Memory, Cell, vol.88, pp.615-626, 1997.

J. L. Ables, J. J. Breunig, A. J. Eisch, and P. Rakic, Not(ch) just development: Notch signalling in the adult brain, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.12, pp.269-283, 2011.

W. C. Abraham, B. Logan, J. M. Greenwood, and M. Dragunow, Induction and experiencedependent consolidation of stable long-term potentiation lasting months in the hippocampus, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.9626-9634, 2002.

L. Abuhatzira, K. Makedonski, Y. Kaufman, A. Razin, and R. Shemer, MeCP2 deficiency in the brain decreases BDNF levels by REST/CoREST-mediated repression and increases TRKB production, Epigenetics, vol.2, pp.214-222, 2007.

M. S. Ahmed and S. A. Siegelbaum, Recruitment of N-Type Ca(2+) channels during LTP enhances low release efficacy of hippocampal CA1 perforant path synapses, Neuron, vol.63, pp.372-385, 2009.

T. Aid, A. Kazantseva, M. Piirsoo, K. Palm, and T. Timmusk, Mouse and rat BDNF gene structure and expression revisited, J. Neurosci. Res, vol.85, pp.525-535, 2007.

A. Alcina, O. Fernández, J. R. Gonzalez, A. Catalá-rabasa, M. Fedetz et al., Tag-SNP analysis of the GFI1-EVI5-RPL5-FAM69 risk locus for multiple sclerosis, Eur. J. Hum. Genet, vol.18, pp.827-831, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504138

N. T. Al-greene, A. L. Means, P. Lu, A. Jiang, C. R. Schmidt et al., Four jointed box 1 promotes angiogenesis and is associated with poor patient survival in colorectal carcinoma, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013.

M. Alonso, M. R. Vianna, I. Izquierdo, and J. H. Medina, Signaling mechanisms mediating BDNF modulation of memory formation in vivo in the hippocampus, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol, vol.22, pp.663-674, 2002.

C. A. Altar, N. Cai, T. Bliven, M. Juhasz, J. M. Conner et al., Anterograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in the brain, Nature, vol.389, pp.856-860, 1997.

J. J. An, K. Gharami, G. Liao, N. H. Woo, A. G. Lau et al., Distinct role of long 3' UTR BDNF mRNA in spine morphology and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons, Cell, vol.134, pp.175-187, 2008.

A. Anastasia, K. Deinhardt, M. V. Chao, N. E. Will, K. Irmady et al., Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF alters prodomain structure to induce neuronal growth cone retraction, Nature Communications, vol.4, 2013.

A. Anastasia and B. L. Hempstead, BDNF function in health and disease, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.15, 2014.

M. Ashcroft, M. H. Kubbutat, and K. H. Vousden, Regulation of p53 function and stability by phosphorylation, Mol. Cell. Biol, vol.19, pp.1751-1758, 1999.

R. Ashery-padan, G. Alvarez-bolado, B. Klamt, M. Gessler, and P. Gruss, Fjx1, the murine homologue of the Drosophila four-jointed gene, codes for a putative secreted protein expressed in restricted domains of the developing and adult brain, Mechanisms of Development, vol.80, pp.213-217, 1999.

A. Aziz, S. P. Harrop, and N. E. Bishop, Characterization of the deleted in autism 1 protein family: implications for studying cognitive disorders, PLoS ONE, vol.6, 2011.

D. Azoulay, V. Vachapova, B. Shihman, A. Miler, and A. Karni, Lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum of relapsing remitting MS: reversal by glatiramer acetate, J. Neuroimmunol, vol.167, pp.215-218, 2005.

G. Baj, E. Leone, M. V. Chao, and E. Tongiorgi, Spatial segregation of BDNF transcripts enables BDNF to differentially shape distinct dendritic compartments, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.108, pp.16813-16818, 2011.

A. Balkowiec and D. M. Katz, Cellular mechanisms regulating activity-dependent release of native brain-derived neurotrophic factor from hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.10399-10407, 2002.

Z. C. Baquet, J. A. Gorski, and K. R. Jones, Early striatal dendrite deficits followed by neuron loss with advanced age in the absence of anterograde cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor, J. Neurosci, vol.24, pp.4250-4258, 2004.

D. Baranes, D. Lederfein, Y. Y. Huang, M. Chen, C. H. Bailey et al., Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to the late phase of LTP and to synaptic growth in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway, Neuron, vol.21, pp.813-825, 1998.

M. Barbacid, The Trk family of neurotrophin receptors, J. Neurobiol, vol.25, pp.1386-1403, 1994.

Y. A. Barde, D. Edgar, and H. Thoenen, Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain, The EMBO journal, vol.1, pp.549-53, 1982.

Y. A. Barde, D. Edgar, and H. Thoenen, Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain, EMBO J, vol.1, pp.549-553, 1982.

Y. A. Barde, R. M. Lindsay, D. Monard, and H. Thoenen, New factor released by cultured glioma cells supporting survival and growth of sensory neurones, 1978.

P. A. Barker, Whither proBDNF?, Nature Neuroscience, vol.12, pp.105-106, 2009.

P. Barnes and K. L. Thomas, Proteolysis of proBDNF is a key regulator in the formation of memory, PLoS ONE, vol.3, 2008.

S. H. Barondes and H. D. Cohen, Memory impairment after subcutaneous injection of acetoxycycloheximide, Science, vol.160, pp.556-557, 1968.

C. S. Bartheld, M. R. Byers, R. Williams, and M. Bothwell, Anterograde transport of neurotrophins and axodendritic transfer in the developing visual system, Nature, vol.379, pp.830-833, 1996.

K. G. Bath, D. Q. Jing, I. Dincheva, C. C. Neeb, S. S. Pattwell et al., BDNF Val66Met impairs fluoxetine-induced enhancement of adult hippocampus plasticity, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.37, pp.1297-1304, 2012.

M. F. Bear, B. W. Connors, and M. A. Paradiso, Neuroscience: exploring the brain, Fourth edition, 2016.

P. J. Bechtel, J. A. Beavo, and E. G. Krebs, Purification and characterization of catalytic subunit of skeletal muscle adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem, vol.252, pp.2691-2697, 1977.

S. J. Beebe, O. Oyen, M. Sandberg, A. Frøysa, V. Hansson et al., Molecular cloning of a tissue-specific protein kinase (C gamma) from human testis--representing a third isoform for the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Mol. Endocrinol, vol.4, pp.465-475, 1990.

,

P. Bekinschtein, M. Cammarota, and J. H. Medina, BDNF and memory processing, Neuropharmacology, vol.76, pp.677-683, 2014.

B. Berninger, A. F. Schinder, and M. M. Poo, Synaptic reliability correlates with reduced susceptibility to synaptic potentiation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Learn. Mem, vol.6, pp.232-242, 1999.

M. Bibel, E. Hoppe, and Y. A. Barde, Biochemical and functional interactions between the neurotrophin receptors trk and p75NTR, EMBO J, vol.18, pp.616-622, 1999.

E. L. Bienenstock, L. N. Cooper, and P. W. Munro, Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex, J. Neurosci, vol.2, pp.32-48, 1982.

S. Biffo, N. Offenhäuser, B. D. Carter, and Y. A. Barde, Selective binding and internalisation by truncated receptors restrict the availability of BDNF during development, Development, vol.121, pp.2461-2470, 1995.

D. K. Binder, S. D. Croll, C. M. Gall, and H. E. Scharfman, BDNF and epilepsy: too much of a good thing?, Trends Neurosci, vol.24, pp.47-53, 2001.

E. W. Bingham, H. M. Farrell, and J. J. Basch, Phosphorylation of casein. Role of the golgi apparatus, J. Biol. Chem, vol.247, pp.8193-8194, 1972.

T. V. Bliss and G. L. Collingridge, A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, Nature, vol.361, pp.31-39, 1993.

T. V. Bliss and T. Lømo, Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path, J Physiol, vol.232, pp.331-356, 1973.

A. Blöchl and H. Thoenen, Localization of cellular storage compartments and sites of constitutive and activity-dependent release of nerve growth factor (NGF) in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.7, pp.173-190, 1996.

N. Blom, T. Sicheritz-pontén, R. Gupta, S. Gammeltoft, and S. Brunak, Prediction of posttranslational glycosylation and phosphorylation of proteins from the amino acid sequence, Proteomics, vol.4, pp.1633-1649, 2004.

B. Bontempi, C. Laurent-demir, C. Destrade, and R. Jaffard, Time-dependent reorganization of brain circuitry underlying long-term memory storage, Nature, vol.400, pp.671-675, 1999.

B. Borroni, M. Grassi, S. Archetti, C. Costanzi, M. Bianchi et al., BDNF genetic variations increase the risk of Alzheimer's diseaserelated depression, J. Alzheimers Dis, vol.18, pp.867-875, 2009.

J. Bradley and O. Sporns, BDNF-dependent enhancement of exocytosis in cultured cortical neurons requires translation but not transcription, Brain Res, vol.815, pp.140-149, 1999.

C. R. Bramham and E. Messaoudi, BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: the synaptic consolidation hypothesis, Prog. Neurobiol, vol.76, pp.99-125, 2005.

E. P. Brandon, M. Zhuo, Y. Y. Huang, M. Qi, K. A. Gerhold et al., Hippocampal long-term depression and depotentiation are defective in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the gene encoding the RI beta subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PNAS, vol.92, pp.8851-8855, 1995.

C. Breitenlechner, R. A. Engh, R. Huber, V. Kinzel, D. Bossemeyer et al., The Typically Disordered N-Terminus of PKA Can Fold as a Helix and Project the Myristoylation Site into Solution ?, Biochemistry, vol.43, pp.7743-7749, 2004.

T. Brigadski, Differential Vesicular Targeting and Time Course of Synaptic Secretion of the Mammalian Neurotrophins, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, pp.7601-7614, 2005.

,

K. D. Broad, M. L. Mimmack, E. B. Keverne, and K. M. Kendrick, Increased BDNF and trk-B mRNA expression in cortical and limbic regions following formation of a social recognition memory, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.2166-2174, 2002.

M. H. Brodsky and H. Steller, Positional information along the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila eye: graded expression of the four-jointed gene, Dev. Biol, vol.173, pp.428-446, 1996.

A. Brunet, A. Bonni, M. J. Zigmond, M. Z. Lin, P. Juo et al., Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor, Cell, vol.96, pp.857-868, 1999.

G. Burnett and E. P. Kennedy, The enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins, J. Biol. Chem, vol.211, pp.969-980, 1954.

A. Cabrera-pastor, M. Llansola, and V. Felipo, Extracellular Protein Kinase A Modulates Intracellular Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II, Nitric Oxide Synthase, and the Glutamate-Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway in Cerebellum. Differential Effects in Hyperammonemia, ACS Chemical Neuroscience, vol.7, pp.1753-1759, 2016.

,

G. Cadd and G. S. Mcknight, Distinct patterns of cAMP-dependent protein kinase gene expression in mouse brain, Neuron, vol.3, pp.71-79, 1989.

S. R. Cajal, The Croonian lecture.-La fine structure des centres nerveux, Proc. R. Soc. Lond, vol.55, pp.444-468, 1894.

D. Carlino, M. De-vanna, and E. Tongiorgi, Is Altered BDNF Biosynthesis a General Feature in Patients with Cognitive Dysfunctions?, The Neuroscientist, vol.19, pp.345-353, 2013.

E. Castrén and M. Kojima, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mood disorders and antidepressant treatments, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.97, pp.119-126, 2017.

,

E. Castrén, V. Võikar, and T. Rantamäki, Role of neurotrophic factors in depression, Curr Opin Pharmacol, vol.7, pp.18-21, 2007.

A. Cattaneo, N. Cattane, V. Begni, C. Pariante, and M. Riva, The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, Nature Publishing Group, vol.6, pp.958-968, 2016.

M. Chahrour and H. Y. Zoghbi, The story of Rett syndrome: from clinic to neurobiology, Neuron, vol.56, pp.422-437, 2007.

S. J. Chai, Y. Y. Yap, Y. C. Foo, L. F. Yap, S. Ponniah et al., Identification of Four-Jointed Box 1 (FJX1)-Specific Peptides for Immunotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, PLoS ONE, vol.10, 2015.

J. P. Chan, T. J. Unger, J. Byrnes, and M. Rios, Examination of behavioral deficits triggered by targeting Bdnf in fetal or postnatal brains of mice, Neuroscience, vol.142, pp.49-58, 2006.

H. J. Chang, J. Yoo, T. H. Kim, A. T. Fazleabas, S. L. Young et al., Overexpression of Four Joint Box-1 Protein (FJX1) in Eutopic Endometrium From Women With Endometriosis, Reproductive Sciences, vol.25, pp.207-213, 2018.

,

M. V. Chao, Neurotrophins and their receptors: A convergence point for many signalling pathways, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.4, pp.299-309, 2003.

M. V. Chao and B. L. Hempstead, p75 and Trk: a two-receptor system, Trends Neurosci, vol.18, pp.321-326, 1995.

B. Chavda, J. A. Arnott, and S. L. Planey, Targeting protein palmitoylation: selective inhibitors and implications in disease, Expert Opin Drug Discov, vol.9, pp.1005-1019, 2014.

A. Chazeau and G. Giannone, Organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during dendritic spine morphological remodeling, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.73, pp.3053-3073, 2016.

J. Chen, C. Li, H. Yang, J. Liu, T. Zhang et al., proBDNF Attenuates Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Induces Learning and Memory Deficits in Aged Mice, Neurotoxicity Research, vol.29, pp.47-53, 2016.

,

M. J. Chen, J. E. Dixon, and G. Manning, Genomics and evolution of protein phosphatases, Science Signaling, vol.10, 1796.

Z. Chen, D. Jing, K. G. Bath, A. Ieraci, T. Khan et al., Genetic variant BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism alters anxiety-related behavior, Science, vol.314, pp.140-143, 2006.

H. Cheng and M. G. Farquhar, Presence of adenylate cyclase activity in Golgi and other fractions from rat liver. II. Cytochemical localization within Golgi and ER membranes, J. Cell Biol, vol.70, pp.671-684, 1976.

H. C. Cheng, S. M. Van-patten, A. J. Smith, and D. A. Walsh, An active twenty-amino-acidresidue peptide derived from the inhibitor protein of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, Biochem. J, vol.231, pp.655-661, 1985.

P. Cheng, A. Song, Y. Wong, S. Wang, X. Zhang et al., Self-amplifying autocrine actions of BDNF in axon development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.108, pp.18430-18435, 2011.

C. Chiaruttini, A. Vicario, Z. Li, G. Baj, P. Braiuca et al., Dendritic trafficking of BDNF mRNA is mediated by translin and blocked by the G196A (Val66Met) mutation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.106, pp.16481-16486, 2009.

Y. S. Cho, Y. N. Lee, and Y. S. Cho-chung, Biochemical Characterization of Extracellular cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase as a Tumor Marker, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.278, pp.679-684, 2000.

Y. S. Cho, Y. G. Park, Y. N. Lee, M. Kim, S. Bates et al., Extracellular protein kinase A as a cancer biomarker: Its expression by tumor cells and reversal by a myristate-lacking C! and RII$ subunit overexpression, PNAS, vol.97, pp.835-840, 2000.

F. Cirulli, A. Berry, F. Chiarotti, and E. Alleva, Intrahippocampal administration of BDNF in adult rats affects short-term behavioral plasticity in the Morris water maze and performance in the elevated plus-maze, Hippocampus, vol.14, pp.802-807, 2004.

J. R. Clarke, M. Cammarota, A. Gruart, I. Izquierdo, and J. M. Delgado-garcía, Plastic modifications induced by object recognition memory processing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.107, pp.2652-2657, 2010.

B. Y. Cohen and R. Levi-montalcini, Proceedings of the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol.42, pp.571-574, 1956.

P. Cohen, The role of protein phosphorylation in human health and disease. The Sir Hans Krebs Medal Lecture, Eur. J. Biochem, vol.268, pp.5001-5010, 2001.

S. Cohen, Purification of a Nerve-Growth Promoting Protein From the Mouse Salivary Gland and Its Neuro-Cytotoxic Antiserum*, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.46, pp.302-311, 1960.

,

S. Cohen and R. Levi-montalcini, A Nerve Growth-Stimulating Factor Isolated From Snake Venom, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.42, pp.571-574, 1956.

M. A. Colicos, B. E. Collins, M. J. Sailor, and Y. Goda, Remodeling of Synaptic Actin Induced by Photoconductive Stimulation, Cell, vol.107, pp.605-616, 2001.

J. M. Conner, J. C. Lauterborn, Q. Yan, C. M. Gall, and S. Varon, Distribution of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Protein and mRNA in the Normal Adult Rat CNS: Evidence for Anterograde Axonal Transport, J. Neurosci, vol.17, pp.2295-2313, 1997.

J. D. Corbin, P. H. Sugden, T. M. Lincoln, and S. L. Keely, Compartmentalization of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in heart tissue, J. Biol. Chem, vol.252, pp.3854-3861, 1977.

M. E. Cunningham and L. A. Greene, A function-structure model for NGF-activated TRK, EMBO J, vol.17, pp.7282-7293, 1998.

P. Curzon, N. R. Rustay, and K. E. Browman, Chapter 2 Cued and Contextual Fear Conditioning for Rodents, 2009.

M. E. Cvijic, T. Kita, W. Shih, R. S. Dipaola, and K. V. Chin, Extracellular catalytic subunit activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in prostate cancer, Clin. Cancer Res, vol.6, pp.2309-2317, 2000.

R. K. Dagda, A. M. Gusdon, I. Pien, S. Strack, S. Green et al., Mitochondrially localized PKA reverses mitochondrial pathology and dysfunction in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease, Cell Death & Differentiation, vol.18, pp.1914-1923, 2011.

P. Daile, P. R. Carnegie, and J. D. Young, Synthetic substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, Nature, vol.257, pp.416-418, 1975.

G. D. Dalton and W. L. Dewey, Protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI): A family of endogenous neuropeptides that modulate neuronal cAMP-dependent protein kinase function, Neuropeptides, vol.40, pp.23-34, 2006.

P. K. Dash and A. N. Moore, Characterization and phosphorylation of CREB-like proteins in Aplysia central nervous system, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res, vol.39, pp.43-51, 1996.

A. M. Davies, H. Thoenen, and Y. A. Barde, The response of chick sensory neurons to brainderived neurotrophic factor, J. Neurosci, vol.6, pp.1897-1904, 1986.

D. Munter, S. Köhn, M. Bollen, and M. , Challenges and opportunities in the development of protein phosphatase-directed therapeutics, ACS Chem. Biol, vol.8, pp.36-45, 2013.

C. Dean, H. Liu, F. M. Dunning, P. Y. Chang, M. B. Jackson et al., Synaptotagmin-IV modulates synaptic function and long-term potentiation by regulating BDNF release, Nat. Neurosci, vol.12, pp.767-776, 2009.

C. Dean, H. Liu, T. Staudt, M. A. Stahlberg, S. Vingill et al., Distinct subsets of Syt-IV/BDNF vesicles are sorted to axons versus dendrites and recruited to synapses by activity, J. Neurosci, vol.32, pp.5398-5413, 2012.

K. Deinhardt and M. V. Chao, Shaping neurons: Long and short range effects of mature and proBDNF signalling upon neuronal structure, Neuropharmacology, vol.76, pp.603-609, 2014.

K. Deinhardt, T. Kim, D. S. Spellman, R. E. Mains, B. A. Eipper et al., Neuronal growth cone retraction relies on proneurotrophin receptor signaling through Rac, Sci Signal, vol.4, 2011.

D. Del-toro, J. M. Canals, S. Ginés, M. Kojima, G. Egea et al., Mutant huntingtin impairs the post-Golgi trafficking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not its Val66Met polymorphism, J. Neurosci, vol.26, pp.12748-12757, 2006.

W. Deng, J. B. Aimone, and F. H. Gage, New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory?, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.11, pp.339-350, 2010.

C. J. Desmet and D. S. Peeper, The neurotrophic receptor TrkB: a drug target in anti-cancer therapy?, Cell. Mol. Life Sci, vol.63, pp.755-759, 2006.

S. Dieni, T. Matsumoto, M. Dekkers, S. Rauskolb, M. S. Ionescu et al., BDNF and its pro-peptide are stored in presynaptic dense core vesicles in brain neurons, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.196, pp.775-788, 2012.

I. Dincheva, N. B. Lynch, and F. S. Lee, The Role of BDNF in the Development of Fear Learning, Depress Anxiety, vol.33, pp.907-916, 2016.

S. M. Dudek and M. F. Bear, Homosynaptic long-term depression in area CA1 of hippocampus and effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.89, pp.4363-4367, 1992.

M. Dudkiewicz, A. Lenart, and K. Paw?owski, A Novel Predicted Calcium-Regulated Kinase Family Implicated in Neurological Disorders, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013.

J. E. Dueber, E. A. Mirsky, and W. A. Lim, Engineering synthetic signaling proteins with ultrasensitive input/output control, Nat. Biotechnol, vol.25, pp.660-662, 2007.

,

J. S. Dunham, J. F. Deakin, F. Miyajima, A. Payton, and C. T. Toro, Expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors in Stanley consortium brains, J Psychiatr Res, vol.43, pp.1175-1184, 2009.

T. Ebendal, D. Larhammar, and H. Persson, Structure and expression of the chicken beta nerve growth factor gene, EMBO J, vol.5, pp.1483-1487, 1986.

E. Edelmann, E. Cepeda-prado, M. Franck, P. Lichtenecker, T. Brigadski et al., Theta Burst Firing Recruits BDNF Release and Signaling in Postsynaptic CA1 Neurons in Spike-Timing-Dependent LTP, vol.86, pp.1041-1054, 2015.

,

M. F. Egan, M. Kojima, J. H. Callicott, T. E. Goldberg, B. S. Kolachana et al., The BDNF val66met, 2003.

, Polymorphism Affects Activity-Dependent Secretion of BDNF and Human Memory and Hippocampal Function, Cell, vol.112, pp.257-269

F. Engert and T. Bonhoeffer, Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity, Nature, vol.399, pp.66-70, 1999.

P. Ernfors, K. F. Lee, and R. Jaenisch, Mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor develop with sensory deficits, Nature, vol.368, pp.147-150, 1994.

S. F. Evans, K. Irmady, K. Ostrow, T. Kim, A. Nykjaer et al., Neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factor is synthesized in excess, with levels regulated by sortilin-mediated trafficking and lysosomal degradation, J. Biol. Chem, vol.286, pp.29556-29567, 2011.

H. F. Farhadi, S. J. Mowla, K. Petrecca, S. J. Morris, N. G. Seidah et al., Neurotrophin-3 Sorts to the Constitutive Secretory Pathway of Hippocampal Neurons and Is Diverted to the Regulated Secretory Pathway by Coexpression with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.4059-4068, 2000.

J. P. Fawcett, R. Aloyz, J. H. Mclean, S. Pareek, F. D. Miller et al., Detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a vesicular fraction of brain synaptosomes, J. Biol. Chem, vol.272, pp.8837-8840, 1997.

B. M. Fenner, Truncated TrkB: beyond a dominant negative receptor, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, vol.23, pp.15-24, 2012.

I. Ferrer, C. Marín, M. J. Rey, T. Ribalta, E. Goutan et al., BDNF and Full-length and Truncated TrkB Expression in Alzheimer Disease. Implications in Therapeutic Strategies, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, vol.58, pp.729-739, 1999.

S. Finkbeiner, S. F. Tavazoie, A. Maloratsky, K. M. Jacobs, K. M. Harris et al., CREB: a major mediator of neuronal neurotrophin responses, Neuron, vol.19, pp.1031-1047, 1997.

M. Fischer, S. Kaech, D. Knutti, and A. Matus, Rapid Actin-Based Plasticity in Dendritic Spines, Neuron, vol.20, pp.847-854, 1998.

Á. Flores, R. Saravia, R. Maldonado, and F. Berrendero, Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of anxiety disorders, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.38, pp.550-559, 2015.

M. Frerking, R. C. Malenka, and R. A. Nicoll, Synaptic activation of kainate receptors on hippocampal interneurons, Nat. Neurosci, vol.1, pp.479-486, 1998.

A. Frustaci, G. Pozzi, F. Gianfagna, L. Manzoli, and S. Boccia, Meta-analysis of the brainderived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism in anxiety disorders and anxiety-related personality traits, Neuropsychobiology, vol.58, pp.163-170, 2008.

Y. Fukazawa, Y. Saitoh, F. Ozawa, Y. Ohta, K. Mizuno et al., Hippocampal LTP is accompanied by enhanced F-actin content within the dendritic spine that is essential for late LTP maintenance in vivo, Neuron, vol.38, pp.447-460, 2003.

E. C. Gaffarogullari, L. R. Masterson, E. E. Metcalfe, N. J. Traaseth, E. Balatri et al., A Myristoyl/Phosphoserine Switch Controls cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Association to Membranes, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.411, pp.823-836, 2011.

D. M. Gamm, E. J. Baude, and M. D. Uhler, The major catalytic subunit isoforms of cAMPdependent protein kinase have distinct biochemical properties in vitro and in vivo, J. Biol. Chem, vol.271, pp.15736-15742, 1996.

Y. Gao, M. Jing, R. Ge, and L. Lang, Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1! by BDNF protects retinoblastoma cells against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, Mol. Cell. Biochem, vol.414, pp.77-84, 2016.

A. Gärtner and V. Staiger, Neurotrophin secretion from hippocampal neurons evoked by longterm-potentiation-inducing electrical stimulation patterns, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.99, pp.6386-6391, 2002.

L. R. Gauthier, B. C. Charrin, M. Borrell-pagès, J. P. Dompierre, H. Rangone et al., Huntingtin Controls Neurotrophic Support and Survival of Neurons by Enhancing BDNF Vesicular Transport along Microtubules, Cell, vol.118, pp.127-138, 2004.

,

L. J. Goodman, J. Valverde, F. Lim, M. D. Geschwind, H. J. Federoff et al., Regulated release and polarized localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.7, pp.513-521, 1996.

J. Gräff, N. F. Joseph, M. E. Horn, A. Samiei, J. Meng et al., Epigenetic priming of memory updating during reconsolidation to attenuate remote fear memories, Cell, vol.156, pp.261-276, 2014.

M. Gratacòs, J. R. González, J. M. Mercader, R. De-cid, M. Urretavizcaya et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met and psychiatric disorders: meta-analysis of case-control studies confirm association to substance-related disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia, Biol. Psychiatry, vol.61, pp.911-922, 2007.

M. E. Greenberg, B. Xu, B. Lu, and B. L. Hempstead, New insights in the biology of BDNF synthesis and release: implications in CNS function, J Neurosci, vol.29, pp.12764-12767, 2009.

O. Guillin, J. Diaz, P. Carroll, N. Griffon, J. C. Schwartz et al., BDNF controls dopamine D3 receptor expression and triggers behavioural sensitization, Nature, vol.411, pp.86-89, 2001.

J. Guo, Y. Ji, Y. Ding, W. Jiang, Y. Sun et al., BDNF pro-peptide regulates dendritic spines via caspase-3, Cell Death & Disease, vol.7, pp.2264-2264, 2016.

J. Guo, Y. Yang, M. Guo, X. Wang, Y. Juan et al., Correlations of Four Genetic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychiatry Investigation, vol.15, pp.407-412, 2018.

C. R. Guthrie, B. S. Skâlhegg, and G. S. Mcknight, Two novel brain-specific splice variants of the murine Cbeta gene of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem, vol.272, pp.29560-29565, 1997.

G. Haase, B. Pettmann, C. Raoul, and C. E. Henderson, Signaling by death receptors in the nervous system, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol, vol.18, pp.284-291, 2008.

T. Hajek, M. Kopecek, and C. Höschl, Reduced hippocampal volumes in healthy carriers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism: meta-analysis, World J. Biol. Psychiatry, vol.13, pp.178-187, 2012.

S. Hanks, A. Quinn, and T. Hunter, The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains, Science, vol.241, pp.42-52, 1988.

S. K. Hanks and T. Hunter, Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification, FASEB J, vol.9, pp.576-596, 1995.

P. A. Hantzopoulos, C. Suri, D. J. Glass, M. P. Goldfarb, and G. D. Yancopoulos, The low affinity NGF receptor, p75, can collaborate with each of the Trks to potentiate functional responses to the neurotrophins, Neuron, vol.13, pp.187-201, 1994.

D. Hara, M. Fukuchi, T. Miyashita, A. Tabuchi, I. Takasaki et al., Remote control of activity-dependent BDNF gene promoter-I transcription mediated by REST/NRSF, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.384, pp.506-511, 2009.

M. Hartmann, R. Heumann, and V. Lessmann, Synaptic secretion of BDNF after highfrequency stimulation of glutamatergic synapses, EMBO J, vol.20, pp.5887-5897, 2001.

S. C. Harward, N. G. Hedrick, C. E. Hall, P. Parra-bueno, T. A. Milner et al., Autocrine BDNF-TrkB signalling within a single dendritic spine, Nature, vol.538, pp.99-103, 2016.

X. He and K. C. Garcia, Structure of nerve growth factor complexed with the shared neurotrophin receptor p75, Science, vol.304, pp.870-875, 2004.

D. O. Hebb, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory, Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol.6, pp.307-307, 1950.

S. A. Heldt, L. Stanek, J. P. Chhatwal, and K. J. Ressler, Hippocampus-specific deletion of BDNF in adult mice impairs spatial memory and extinction of aversive memories, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.12, pp.656-670, 2007.

B. L. Hempstead, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: Three Ligands, Many Actions, Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc, vol.126, pp.9-19, 2015.

B. L. Hempstead, Deciphering proneurotrophin actions, Handb Exp Pharmacol, vol.220, pp.17-32, 2014.

K. H. Herzog, K. Bailey, and Y. A. Barde, Expression of the BDNF gene in the developing visual system of the chick, Development, vol.120, pp.1643-1649, 1994.

M. Hinckelmann, A. Virlogeux, C. Niehage, C. Poujol, D. Choquet et al., Self-propelling vesicles define glycolysis as the minimal energy machinery for neuronal transport, Nat Commun, vol.7, 2016.

M. Hofer, S. R. Pagliusi, A. Hohn, J. Leibrock, and Y. A. Barde, Regional distribution of brainderived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the adult mouse brain, EMBO J, vol.9, pp.2459-2464, 1990.

S. B. Hofer and T. Bonhoeffer, Dendritic spines: the stuff that memories are made of?, Curr. Biol, vol.20, pp.157-159, 2010.

C. I. Holmberg, S. E. Tran, J. E. Eriksson, and L. Sistonen, Multisite phosphorylation provides sophisticated regulation of transcription factors, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.27, pp.619-627, 2002.

C. Hong, Y. Liou, and S. Tsai, Effects of BDNF polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in health and disease, Brain Res. Bull, vol.86, pp.287-297, 2011.

E. J. Hong, A. E. Mccord, and M. E. Greenberg, A Biological Function for the Neuronal Activity-Dependent Component of Bdnf Transcription in the Development of Cortical Inhibition, Neuron, vol.60, pp.610-624, 2008.

E. J. Hong, A. E. Mccord, and M. E. Greenberg, A Biological Function for the Neuronal Activity-Dependent Component of Bdnf Transcription in the Development of Cortical Inhibition, Neuron, vol.60, pp.610-624, 2008.

K. Hong, J. Lim, M. J. Go, Y. Shin-cho, Y. Ahn et al., Recapitulation of the association of the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gene with BMI in Koreans, Obesity (Silver Spring), vol.20, pp.1871-1875, 2012.

J. Horiuchi, D. Yamazaki, S. Naganos, T. Aigaki, and M. Saitoe, Protein kinase A inhibits a consolidated form of memory in Drosophila, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.105, pp.20976-20981, 2008.

D. Howe, Molecular and Behavioral Effects of a Null Mutation in All PKA C$ Isoforms, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.515-524, 2002.

,

Y. Huang, H. Roelink, and G. S. Mcknight, Protein Kinase A Deficiency Causes Axially Localized Neural Tube Defects in Mice, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.277, 2002.

S. Humbert and F. Saudou, , 2004.

, Med Sci (Paris), vol.20, pp.952-954

E. Humble, L. Berglund, V. Titanji, O. Ljungström, B. Edlund et al., Non-dependence on native structure of pig liver pyruvate kinase when used as a substrate for cyclic 3',5'-AMP-stimulated protein kinase, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.66, pp.614-621, 1975.

J. J. Hwang, M. Park, S. Choi, and J. Koh, Activation of the Trk signaling pathway by extracellular zinc. Role of metalloproteinases, J. Biol. Chem, vol.280, pp.11995-12001, 2005.

M. Ikeda, Y. Hojo, Y. Komatsuzaki, M. Okamoto, A. Kato et al., Hippocampal spine changes across the sleep-wake cycle: corticosterone and kinases, J. Endocrinol, vol.226, pp.13-27, 2015.

R. Ilouz, V. Lev-ram, E. A. Bushong, T. L. Stiles, D. Friedmann-morvinski et al., Isoform-specific subcellular localization and function of protein kinase A identified by mosaic imaging of mouse brain, 2017.

O. Islam, T. X. Loo, and K. Heese, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has proliferative effects on neural stem cells through the truncated TRK-B receptor, MAP kinase, AKT, and STAT-3 signaling pathways, Curr Neurovasc Res, vol.6, pp.42-53, 2009.

K. Itoh, K. Hashimoto, C. Kumakiri, E. Shimizu, and M. Iyo, Association between brainderived neurotrophic factor 196 G/A polymorphism and personality traits in healthy subjects, Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet, vol.124, pp.61-63, 2004.

O. N. Jensen, Interpreting the protein language using proteomics, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.7, pp.391-403, 2006.

H. Ji, D. Dai, Y. Wang, D. Jiang, X. Zhou et al., Association of BDNF and BCHE with Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis based on 56 genetic case-control studies of 12,563 cases and 12,622 controls, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, vol.9, pp.1831-1840, 2015.

Y. Ji, Y. Lu, F. Yang, W. Shen, T. T. Tang et al., Acute and gradual increases in BDNF concentration elicit distinct signaling and functions in neurons, Nature Neuroscience, vol.13, pp.302-309, 2010.

X. Jiang, K. Xu, J. Hoberman, F. Tian, A. J. Marko et al., BDNF variation and mood disorders: a novel functional promoter polymorphism and Val66Met are associated with anxiety but have opposing effects, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.30, pp.1353-1361, 2005.

D. R. Johnson and S. S. Wong, Conformational changes of type II regulatory subunit of cAMPdependent protein kinase on cAMP binding, FEBS Letters, vol.247, pp.480-482, 1989.

S. Jungbluth, K. Bailey, Y. Barde, M. Fischer, T. Doll et al., Purification and characterisation of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor/ neurotrophin-3 (BDNF/NT-3) heterodimer, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.221, pp.9565-9572, 1994.

E. R. Kandel, The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses, Science, vol.294, pp.1030-1038, 2001.

E. R. Kandel, Calcium and the control of synaptic strength by learning, Nature, vol.293, pp.697-700, 1981.

E. R. Kandel, Y. Dudai, and M. R. Mayford, The Molecular and Systems Biology of Memory, Cell, vol.157, pp.163-186, 2014.

H. J. Kang and E. Schuman, Neurotrophin-induced modulation of synaptic transmission in the adult hippocampus, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.89, pp.11-22, 1995.

H. Kang and E. M. Schuman, A Requirement for Local Protein Synthesis in Neurotrophin-Induced Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, Science, vol.273, pp.1402-1406, 1996.

H. Kang and E. M. Schuman, Long-lasting neurotrophin-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission in the adult hippocampus, Science, vol.267, pp.1658-1662, 1995.

F. Karege, G. Vaudan, M. Schwald, N. Perroud, and R. La-harpe, Neurotrophin levels in postmortem brains of suicide victims and the effects of antemortem diagnosis and psychotropic drugs, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res, vol.136, pp.29-37, 2005.

A. B. Keeler, M. J. Molumby, and J. A. Weiner, Protocadherins branch out: Multiple roles in dendrite development, Cell Adhesion & Migration, vol.9, pp.214-226, 2015.

,

Y. Kellner, N. Goedecke, T. Dierkes, N. Thieme, M. Zagrebelsky et al., The BDNF effects on dendritic spines of mature hippocampal neurons depend on neuronal activity, Front. Synaptic Neurosci, vol.6, 2014.

B. E. Kemp, E. Benjamini, and E. G. Krebs, Synthetic hexapeptide substrates and inhibitors of 3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.73, pp.1038-1042, 1976.

B. E. Kemp, D. B. Bylund, T. S. Huang, and E. G. Krebs, Substrate specificity of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.72, pp.3448-3452, 1975.

B. E. Kemp, D. J. Graves, E. Benjamini, and E. G. Krebs, Role of multiple basic residues in determining the substrate specificity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem, vol.252, pp.4888-4894, 1977.

B. E. Kemp, R. B. Pearson, G. A. Kerchner, and R. A. Nicoll, Silent synapses and the emergence of a postsynaptic mechanism for LTP, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.15, pp.813-825, 1990.

M. M. Kessels and B. Qualmann, Different functional modes of BAR domain proteins in formation and plasticity of mammalian postsynapses, J Cell Sci, vol.128, pp.3177-3185, 2015.

J. P. Kesslak, V. So, J. Choi, C. W. Cotman, and F. Gomez-pinilla, Learning upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism to facilitate encoding and circuit maintenance?, Behav. Neurosci, vol.112, pp.1012-1019, 1998.

H. G. Kim, T. Wang, P. Olafsson, and B. Lu, Neurotrophin 3 potentiates neuronal activity and inhibits gamma-aminobutyratergic synaptic transmission in cortical neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.91, pp.12341-12345, 1994.

A. Kirkwood and M. F. Bear, Homosynaptic long-term depression in the visual cortex, J. Neurosci, vol.14, pp.3404-3412, 1994.

A. Kirtley and K. L. Thomas, The exclusive induction of extinction is gated by BDNF, Learn. Mem, vol.17, pp.612-619, 2010.

T. Kita, J. Goydos, E. Reitman, R. Ravatn, Y. Lin et al., Extracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ECPKA) in melanoma, Cancer Lett, vol.208, pp.187-191, 2004.

A. Kitts and S. Sherry, The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) of Nucleotide Sequence Variation, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2011.

R. Klein, D. Martin-zanca, M. Barbacid, and L. F. Parada, Expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor gene trkB is confined to the murine embryonic and adult nervous system, Development, vol.109, pp.845-850, 1990.

D. R. Knighton, N. H. Xuong, S. S. Taylor, and J. M. Sowadski, Crystallization studies of cAMPdependent protein kinase. Cocrystals of the catalytic subunit with a 20 amino acid residue peptide inhibitor and MgATP diffract to 3.0 A resolution, J. Mol. Biol, vol.220, pp.217-220, 1991.

M. Knipper, M. Da-penha-berzaghi, A. Blöchl, H. Breer, H. Thoenen et al., Positive feedback between acetylcholine and the neurotrophins nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat hippocampus, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.6, pp.668-671, 1994.

K. Kohara, A. Kitamura, M. Morishima, and T. Tsumoto, Activity-dependent transfer of brainderived neurotrophic factor to postsynaptic neurons, Science, vol.291, pp.2419-2423, 2001.

H. Koizumi, K. Hashimoto, K. Itoh, M. Nakazato, E. Shimizu et al., Association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor 196G/A polymorphism and eating disorders, Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet, vol.127, pp.125-127, 2004.

R. Kolarow, T. Brigadski, and V. Lessmann, Postsynaptic secretion of BDNF and NT-3 from hippocampal neurons depends on calcium calmodulin kinase II signaling and proceeds via delayed fusion pore opening, J. Neurosci, vol.27, pp.10350-10364, 2007.

J. Konorski, Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization, Calif Med, vol.70, p.311, 1949.

I. Koppel, J. Tuvikene, I. Lekk, and T. Timmusk, Efficient use of a translation start codon in BDNF exon I, J. Neurochem, vol.134, pp.1015-1025, 2015.

M. Korte, P. Carroll, E. Wolf, G. Brem, H. Thoenen et al., Hippocampal longterm potentiation is impaired in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.92, pp.8856-8860, 1995.

A. Koschinski and M. Zaccolo, Activation of PKA in cell requires higher concentration of cAMP than in vitro: implications for compartmentalization of cAMP signalling, Sci Rep, vol.7, 2017.

R. M. Kostrzewa, P. Nowak, J. P. Kostrzewa, R. A. Kostrzewa, and R. Brus, Peculiarities of L-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease, Amino Acids, vol.28, pp.157-164, 2005.

D. Kovanich, M. A. Van-der-heyden, T. T. Aye, T. A. Van-veen, A. J. Heck et al., Sphingosine kinase interacting protein is an A-kinase anchoring protein specific for type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Chembiochem, vol.11, pp.963-971, 2010.

E. G. Krebs, Historical Perspectives on Protein Phosphorylation and a Classification System for Protein Kinases, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.302, pp.3-11, 1983.

E. G. Krebs and J. A. Beavo, Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation of Enzymes, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.48, pp.923-959, 1979.

E. G. Krebs and E. H. Fischer, The phosphorylase b to a converting enzyme of rabbit skeletal muscle, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, vol.20, pp.150-157, 1956.

M. Krug, B. Lössner, and T. Ott, Anisomycin blocks the late phase of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats, Brain Res. Bull, vol.13, pp.39-42, 1984.

A. Krüttgen, J. C. Möller, J. V. Heymach, and E. M. Shooter, Neurotrophins induce release of neurotrophins by the regulated secretory pathway, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.95, pp.9614-9619, 1998.

D. Kübler, W. Pyerin, O. Bill, A. Hotz, J. Sonka et al., Evidence for ecto-protein kinase activity that phosphorylates Kemptide in a cyclic AMP-dependent mode, J. Biol. Chem, vol.264, pp.14549-14555, 1989.

D. Kübler, D. Reinhardt, J. Reed, W. Pyerin, V. ;. Kinzel et al., Dopamine regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in cultured embryonic mouse striatal cells, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.206, pp.1175-1179, 1992.

A. Kvissel, S. Ørstavik, P. Øistad, T. Rootwelt, T. Jahnsen et al., Induction of Cbeta splice variants and formation of novel forms of protein kinase A type II holoenzymes during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human NT2 cells, Cell. Signal, vol.16, pp.577-587, 2004.

S. Lagalwar and H. T. Orr, Regulation of Ataxin-1 Phosphorylation and Its Impact on, Trinucleotide Repeat Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, pp.201-209, 2013.

L. K. Langeberg and J. D. Scott, Signalling scaffolds and local organization of cellular behaviour, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.16, pp.232-244, 2015.

F. Lanté, M. De-jésus-ferreira, J. Guiramand, M. Récasens, and M. Vignes, Lowfrequency stimulation induces a new form of LTP, metabotropic glutamate (mGlu5) receptor-and PKA-dependent, in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus, Hippocampus, vol.16, pp.345-360, 2006.

K. S. Lashley, Brain Mechanism and Intelligence, Brain, vol.52, pp.548-548, 1929.

G. Leal, D. Comprido, and C. B. Duarte, BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity, Neuropharmacology, vol.76, pp.639-656, 2014.

,

R. Lee, P. Kermani, K. K. Teng, and B. L. Hempstead, Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins, Science, vol.294, pp.1945-1948, 2001.

K. Lefkimmiatis, D. Leronni, and A. M. Hofer, The inner and outer compartments of mitochondria are sites of distinct cAMP/PKA signaling dynamics, J. Cell Biol, vol.202, pp.453-462, 2013.

V. Leßmann and T. Brigadski, Mechanisms, locations, and kinetics of synaptic BDNF secretion: An update, Neuroscience Research, vol.65, pp.11-22, 2009.

,

V. Leßmann, K. Gottmann, and R. Heumann, BDNF and NT-4/5 enhance glutamatergic synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurones, Neuroreport, vol.6, pp.21-25, 1994.

V. Leßmann, K. Gottmann, and M. Malcangio, Neurotrophin secretion: current facts and future prospects, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.69, pp.341-374, 2003.

V. Leßmann and R. Heumann, Modulation of unitary glutamatergic synapses by neurotrophin-4/5 or brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal microcultures: presynaptic enhancement depends on pre-established paired-pulse facilitation, Neuroscience, vol.86, pp.399-413, 1998.

R. Levi-montalcini, NGF 35 Years Later, Science, vol.237, 1987.

R. Levi-montalcini, H. Meyer, and V. Hamburger, In vitro experiments on the effects of mouse sarcomas 180 and 37 on the sensory and sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo, Cancer research, vol.14, pp.49-57, 1954.

E. S. Levine, R. A. Crozier, I. B. Black, and M. R. Plummer, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates hippocampal synaptic transmission by increasing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.95, pp.10235-10239, 1998.

F. Li and J. Z. Tsien, Memory and the NMDA Receptors, N Engl J Med, vol.361, pp.302-303, 2009.

X. Li, M. Wilmanns, J. Thornton, and M. Kohn, Elucidating Human Phosphatase-Substrate Networks, Science Signaling, vol.6, pp.10-10, 2013.

Y. X. Li, Y. Xu, D. Ju, H. A. Lester, N. Davidson et al., Expression of a dominant negative TrkB receptor, T1, reveals a requirement for presynaptic signaling in BDNF-induced synaptic potentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.95, pp.10884-10889, 1998.

Z. Lin, Y. Su, C. Zhang, M. Xing, W. Ding et al., The interaction of BDNF and NTRK2 gene increases the susceptibility of paranoid schizophrenia, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013.

R. M. Lindsay, H. Thoenen, and Y. A. Barde, Placode and neural crest-derived sensory neurons are responsive at early developmental stages to brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Dev. Biol, vol.112, pp.319-328, 1985.

T. C. Linn, F. H. Pettit, and L. J. Reed, Alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. X. Regulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from beef kidney mitochondria by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.62, pp.234-241, 1969.

S. Linnarsson, A. Björklund, and P. Ernfors, Learning deficit in BDNF mutant mice, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.2581-2587, 1997.

L. A. Liotta and E. Kohn, Anoikis: cancer and the homeless cell, Nature, vol.430, pp.973-974, 2004.

J. Lisman, Long-term potentiation: outstanding questions and attempted synthesis, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.358, pp.829-842, 2003.

J. E. Lisman, The pre/post LTP debate, Neuron, vol.63, pp.281-284, 2009.

I. Y. Liu, W. E. Lyons, L. A. Mamounas, and R. F. Thompson, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays a critical role in contextual fear conditioning, J. Neurosci, vol.24, pp.7958-7963, 2004.

L. Liu, T. Foroud, X. Xuei, W. Berrettini, W. Byerley et al., Evidence of association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene and bipolar disorder, Psychiatric Genetics, vol.18, pp.267-274, 2008.

Q. Liu, L. Lu, X. Zhu, J. Gong, Y. Shaham et al., Rodent BDNF genes, novel promoters, novel splice variants, and regulation by cocaine, Brain Res, vol.1067, pp.1-12, 2006.

E. Loh, F. Peter, V. N. Subramaniam, and W. Hong, Mammalian Bet3 functions as a cytosolic factor participating in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, J. Cell. Sci, vol.118, pp.1209-1222, 2005.

A. M. Lohof, N. Y. Ip, and M. M. Poo, Potentiation of developing neuromuscular synapses by the neurotrophins NT-3 and BDNF, Nature, vol.363, pp.350-353, 1993.

H. Lou, S. Kim, E. Zaitsev, C. R. Snell, B. Lu et al., Sorting and Activity-Dependent Secretion of BDNF Require Interaction of a Specific Motif with the Sorting Receptor Carboxypeptidase E, Neuron, vol.45, pp.245-255, 2005.

B. Lu, G. Nagappan, and Y. Lu, BDNF and Synaptic Plasticity, Cognitive Function, and Dysfunction, Neurotrophic Factors, pp.223-250, 2014.

B. Lu, P. T. Pang, and N. H. Woo, The yin and yang of neurotrophin action, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.6, pp.603-614, 2005.

Y. Lu, X. Zha, E. Y. Kim, S. Schachtele, M. E. Dailey et al., A Kinase Anchor Protein 150 (AKAP150)-associated Protein Kinase A Limits Dendritic Spine Density, J. Biol. Chem, vol.286, pp.26496-26506, 2011.

L. M. Lueptow, Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice, J Vis Exp, 2017.

W. E. Lyons, L. A. Mamounas, G. A. Ricaurte, V. Coppola, S. W. Reid et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-deficient mice develop aggressiveness and hyperphagia in conjunction with brain serotonergic abnormalities, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.96, pp.15239-15244, 1999.

L. Ma, D. Wang, T. Zhang, H. Yu, Y. Wang et al., Region-specific involvement of BDNF secretion and synthesis in conditioned taste aversion memory formation, J. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.2079-2090, 2011.

Q. Ma, J. Yang, T. Li, T. A. Milner, and B. L. Hempstead, Selective reduction of striatal mature BDNF without induction of proBDNF in the zQ175 mouse model of Huntington's disease, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.82, pp.466-477, 2015.

A. Madinier, N. Bertrand, C. Mossiat, A. Prigent-tessier, A. Beley et al., Microglial Involvement in Neuroplastic Changes Following Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats, PLOS ONE, vol.4, 2009.

P. C. Maisonpierre, L. Belluscio, B. Friedman, R. F. Alderson, S. J. Wiegand et al., NT-3, BDNF, and NGF in the developing rat nervous system: parallel as well as reciprocal patterns of expression, Neuron, vol.5, pp.501-509, 1990.

M. Maletic-savatic, R. Malinow, and K. Svoboda, Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity, Science, vol.283, pp.1923-1927, 1999.

G. Manning, The Protein Kinase Complement of the Human Genome, Science, vol.298, pp.1912-1934, 2002.

J. D. Martínez-ezquerro, M. E. Rendón-macías, G. Zamora-mendoza, J. Serrano-meneses, B. Rosales-rodríguez et al., Association Between the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Overweight/Obesity in Pediatric Population, Arch. Med. Res, vol.48, pp.599-608, 2017.

K. Martinowich, D. Hattori, H. Wu, S. Fouse, F. He et al., DNA Methylation-Related Chromatin Remodeling in Activity-Dependent Bdnf Gene Regulation, Science, vol.302, pp.890-893, 2003.

K. Martinowich and B. Lu, Interaction between BDNF and serotonin: role in mood disorders, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.33, pp.73-83, 2008.

K. Martinowich, R. J. Schloesser, D. V. Jimenez, D. R. Weinberger, and B. Lu, Activitydependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression regulates cortistatin-interneurons and sleep behavior, Molecular Brain, vol.4, 2011.

N. Matsuda, H. Lu, Y. Fukata, J. Noritake, H. Gao et al., Differential Activity-Dependent Secretion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Axon and Dendrite, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, pp.14185-14198, 2009.

T. Matsumoto, S. Rauskolb, M. Polack, J. Klose, R. Kolbeck et al., Biosynthesis and processing of endogenous BDNF: CNS neurons store and secrete BDNF, not pro-BDNF, Nature Neuroscience, vol.11, pp.131-133, 2008.

,

M. Matsuzaki, N. Honkura, G. C. Ellis-davies, and H. Kasai, Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines, Nature, vol.429, pp.761-766, 2004.

D. H. Maurice, H. Ke, F. Ahmad, Y. Wang, J. Chung et al., Advances in targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, Nat Rev Drug Discov, vol.13, pp.290-314, 2014.

F. Mavillard, J. Hidalgo, D. Megias, K. L. Levitsky, and A. Velasco, PKA-mediated Golgi remodeling during cAMP signal transmission, Traffic, vol.11, pp.90-109, 2010.

K. R. Maynard, J. W. Hobbs, M. Sukumar, A. S. Kardian, D. V. Jimenez et al., Bdnf mRNA splice variants differentially impact CA1 and CA3 dendrite complexity and spine morphology in the hippocampus, Brain Struct Funct, vol.222, pp.3295-3307, 2017.

C. K. Means, B. Lygren, L. K. Langeberg, A. Jain, R. E. Dixon et al., An entirely specific type I A-kinase anchoring protein that can sequester two molecules of protein kinase A at mitochondria, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.108, pp.1227-1235, 2011.

R. Meier, M. Becker-andré, R. Götz, R. Heumann, A. Shaw et al., Molecular cloning of bovine and chick nerve growth factor (NGF): delineation of conserved and unconserved domains and their relationship to the biological activity and antigenicity of NGF, EMBO J, vol.5, pp.1489-1493, 1986.

E. Messaoudi, K. Bârdsen, B. Srebro, and C. R. Bramham, Acute intrahippocampal infusion of BDNF induces lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus, J. Neurophysiol, vol.79, pp.496-499, 1998.

E. Messaoudi, T. Kanhema, J. Soulé, A. Tiron, G. Dagyte et al., Sustained Arc/Arg3.1 synthesis controls long-term potentiation consolidation through regulation of local actin polymerization in the dentate gyrus in vivo, J. Neurosci, vol.27, pp.10445-10455, 2007.

S. Mi, X. Lee, Z. Shao, G. Thill, B. Ji et al., LINGO-1 is a component of the Nogo-66 receptor/p75 signaling complex, Nat. Neurosci, vol.7, pp.221-228, 2004.

B. Michalski and M. Fahnestock, Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor is decreased in parietal cortex in Alzheimer's disease, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res, vol.111, pp.148-154, 2003.

B. Milner, Psychological defects produced by temporal lobe excision, Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis, vol.36, pp.244-257, 1958.

L. Minichiello, TrkB signalling pathways in LTP and learning, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.10, pp.850-860, 2009.

L. Minichiello, A. M. Calella, D. L. Medina, T. Bonhoeffer, R. Klein et al., Mechanism of TrkB-mediated hippocampal long-term potentiation, Neuron, vol.36, pp.121-137, 2002.

L. Minichiello, M. Korte, D. Wolfer, R. Kühn, K. Unsicker et al., Essential role for TrkB receptors in hippocampusmediated learning, Neuron, vol.24, pp.401-414, 1999.

C. Mitchelmore and L. Gede, Brain derived neurotrophic factor: Epigenetic regulation in psychiatric disorders, Brain Research, vol.1586, pp.162-172, 2014.

,

H. Mizoguchi, J. Nakade, M. Tachibana, D. Ibi, E. Someya et al., Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to kindled seizure development in pentylenetetrazoletreated mice by converting pro-BDNF to mature BDNF in the hippocampus, J. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.12963-12971, 2011.

T. Mizui, Y. Ishikawa, H. Kumanogoh, M. Lume, T. Matsumoto et al., BDNF pro-peptide actions facilitate hippocampal LTD and are altered by the common BDNF polymorphism Val66Met, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.112, pp.3067-3074, 2015.

M. Mizuno, K. Yamada, A. Olariu, H. Nawa, and T. Nabeshima, Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in spatial memory formation and maintenance in a radial arm maze test in rats, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.7116-7121, 2000.

H. Mkhikian, A. Grigorian, C. F. Li, H. Chen, B. Newton et al., Genetics and the environment converge to dysregulate N-glycosylation in multiple sclerosis, Nat Commun, vol.2, 2011.

F. Modarresi, M. A. Faghihi, M. A. Lopez-toledano, R. P. Fatemi, M. Magistri et al., Inhibition of natural antisense transcripts in vivo results in gene-specific transcriptional upregulation, Nature Biotechnology, vol.30, pp.453-459, 2012.

M. L. Molendijk, B. A. Bus, P. Spinhoven, A. Kaimatzoglou, R. C. Oude-voshaar et al., A systematic review and metaanalysis on the association between BDNF val(66)met and hippocampal volume--a genuine effect or a winners curse?, Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet, vol.159, pp.731-740, 2012.

M. L. Molendijk, P. Spinhoven, M. Polak, B. A. Bus, B. W. Penninx et al., Serum BDNF concentrations as peripheral manifestations of depression: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analyses on 179 associations (N=9484), Mol. Psychiatry, vol.19, pp.791-800, 2014.

J. C. Möller, A. Krüttgen, J. V. Heymach, N. Ghori, and E. M. Shooter, Subcellular localization of epitope-tagged neurotrophins in neuroendocrine cells, J. Neurosci. Res, vol.51, pp.463-472, 1998.

C. Montag, B. Weber, K. Fliessbach, C. Elger, and M. Reuter, The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impacts parahippocampal and amygdala volume in healthy humans: incremental support for a genetic risk factor for depression, Psychol Med, vol.39, pp.1831-1839, 2009.

A. Moore, A. P. Boulton, H. W. Heid, E. D. Jarasch, and R. K. Craig, Purification and tissuespecific expression of casein kinase from the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland, Eur. J. Biochem, vol.152, pp.729-737, 1985.

R. G. Morris, E. Anderson, G. S. Lynch, and M. Baudry, Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5, Nature, vol.319, pp.774-776, 1986.

R. G. Morris, P. Garrud, J. N. Rawlins, and J. O'keefe, Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions, Nature, vol.297, pp.681-683, 1982.

E. M. Morrow, S. Yoo, S. W. Flavell, T. Kim, Y. Lin et al., Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry, Science, vol.321, pp.218-223, 2008.

E. I. Moser, E. Kropff, and M. Moser, Place cells, grid cells, and the brain's spatial representation system, Annu. Rev. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.69-89, 2008.

M. Moser, D. C. Rowland, and E. I. Moser, Place cells, grid cells, and memory, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, vol.7, 2015.

S. J. Mowla, H. F. Farhadi, S. Pareek, J. K. Atwal, S. J. Morris et al., Biosynthesis and Post-translational Processing of the Precursor to Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, J. Biol. Chem, vol.276, pp.12660-12666, 2001.

S. J. Mowla, S. Pareek, H. F. Farhadi, K. Petrecca, J. P. Fawcett et al., Differential sorting of nerve growth factor and brainderived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.2069-2080, 1999.

M. G. Murer, Q. Yan, and R. Raisman-vozari, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the control human brain, and in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Prog. Neurobiol, vol.63, pp.71-124, 2001.

A. H. Nagahara and M. H. Tuszynski, Potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in neurological and psychiatric disorders, Nat Rev Drug Discov, vol.10, pp.209-219, 2011.

G. Nagappan, E. Zaitsev, V. V. Senatorov, J. Yang, B. L. Hempstead et al., Control of extracellular cleavage of ProBDNF by high frequency neuronal activity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.106, pp.1267-1272, 2009.

,

T. Nagata, S. Shinagawa, K. Nukariya, Y. Ochiai, S. Kawamura et al., Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and executive function in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease, Psychogeriatrics, vol.11, pp.141-149, 2011.

G. Neuberger, G. Schneider, and F. Eisenhaber, pkaPS: prediction of protein kinase A phosphorylation sites with the simplified kinase-substrate binding model, Biology Direct, vol.23, 2007.

E. A. Nigg, Mechanisms of signal transduction to the cell nucleus, Adv. Cancer Res, vol.55, pp.271-310, 1990.

I. Ninan, K. G. Bath, K. Dagar, R. Perez-castro, M. R. Plummer et al., The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Impairs NMDA Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, pp.8866-8870, 2010.

M. Notaras, R. Hill, and M. Van-den-buuse, The BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as a modifier of psychiatric disorder susceptibility: progress and controversy, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.20, pp.916-930, 2015.

J. C. Obenauer, Scansite 2.0: proteome-wide prediction of cell signaling interactions using short sequence motifs, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.31, pp.3635-3641, 2003.

,

S. Oe and Y. Yoneda, Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-like sequences are involved in dendritic targeting of BDNF mRNA in hippocampal neurons, FEBS Lett, vol.584, pp.3424-3430, 2010.

J. O'keefe, Place units in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat, Exp. Neurol, vol.51, pp.78-109, 1976.

J. O'keefe and L. Nadel, The hippocampus as a cognitive map, 1978.

J. V. Olsen, B. Blagoev, F. Gnad, B. Macek, C. Kumar et al., Global, In Vivo, and Site-Specific Phosphorylation Dynamics in Signaling Networks, Cell, vol.127, pp.635-648, 2006.

D. S. Olton, The use of animal models to evaluate the effects of neurotoxins on cognitive processes, Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol, vol.5, pp.635-640, 1983.

D. S. Olton, Mazes, maps, and memory, Am Psychol, vol.34, pp.583-596, 1979.

D. S. Olton and B. C. Papas, Spatial memory and hippocampal function, Neuropsychologia, vol.17, pp.669-682, 1979.

D. S. Olton and R. J. Samuelson, Remembrance of Places Passed: Spatial Memory in Rats, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, vol.2, p.20, 1976.

K. M. O'neill, K. E. Donohue, A. Omelchenko, and B. L. Firestein, The 3' UTRs of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor transcripts differentially regulate the dendritic arbor, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol.12, 2018.

T. Ozçelik, A. Rosenthal, and U. Francke, Chromosomal mapping of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 genes in man and mouse, Genomics, vol.10, pp.569-575, 1991.

P. T. Pang, Cleavage of proBDNF by tPA/Plasmin Is Essential for Long-Term Hippocampal Plasticity, Science, vol.306, pp.487-491, 2004.

P. T. Pang, G. Nagappan, W. Guo, and B. Lu, Extracellular and intracellular cleavages of proBDNF required at two distinct stages of late-phase LTP. npj Science of Learning 1, 16003, 2016.

J. J. Park, N. X. Cawley, and Y. P. Loh, A bi-directional carboxypeptidase E-driven transport mechanism controls BDNF vesicle homeostasis in hippocampal neurons, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, vol.39, pp.63-73, 2008.

S. L. Patterson, T. Abel, T. A. Deuel, K. C. Martin, J. C. Rose et al., Recombinant BDNF Rescues Deficits in Basal Synaptic Transmission and Hippocampal LTP in BDNF Knockout Mice, Neuron, vol.16, pp.1137-1145, 1996.

S. L. Patterson, L. M. Grover, P. A. Schwartzkroin, and M. Bothwell, Neurotrophin expression in rat hippocampal slices: a stimulus paradigm inducing LTP in CA1 evokes increases in BDNF and NT-3 mRNAs, Neuron, vol.9, pp.1081-1088, 1992.

S. S. Pattwell, K. G. Bath, R. Perez-castro, F. S. Lee, M. V. Chao et al., The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impairs synaptic transmission and plasticity in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex, J. Neurosci, vol.32, pp.2410-2421, 2012.

S. Peng, J. Wuu, E. J. Mufson, and M. Fahnestock, Precursor form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor are decreased in the pre-clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease, J. Neurochem, vol.93, pp.1412-1421, 2005.

N. Perroud, P. Courtet, I. Vincze, I. Jaussent, F. Jollant et al., Interaction between BDNF Val66Met and childhood trauma on adult's violent suicide attempt, Genes Brain Behav, vol.7, pp.314-322, 2008.

J. Peters, L. M. Dieppa-perea, L. M. Melendez, and G. J. Quirk, Induction of Fear Extinction with Hippocampal-Infralimbic BDNF, Science, vol.328, pp.1288-1290, 2010.

,

A. Petzold, L. Psotta, T. Brigadski, T. Endres, and V. Lessmann, Chronic BDNF deficiency leads to an age-dependent impairment in spatial learning, Neurobiol Learn Mem, vol.120, pp.52-60, 2015.

L. Pezawas, B. A. Verchinski, V. S. Mattay, J. H. Callicott, B. S. Kolachana et al., The brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and variation in human cortical morphology, J. Neurosci, vol.24, pp.10099-10102, 2004.

N. Pluchino, M. Russo, A. N. Santoro, P. Litta, V. Cela et al., Steroid hormones and BDNF. Neuroscience, Steroid hormone actions in the CNS: the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vol.239, pp.271-279, 2013.

M. M. Poo, Neurotrophins as synaptic modulators, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.2, pp.24-32, 2001.

B. Poucet, E. Save, and P. P. Lenck-santini, Sensory and memory properties of hippocampal place cells, Rev Neurosci, vol.11, pp.95-111, 2000.

B. Probst, R. Rock, M. Gessler, A. Vortkamp, and A. W. Püschel, The rodent Four-jointed ortholog Fjx1 regulates dendrite extension, Developmental Biology, vol.312, pp.461-470, 2007.

P. Pruunsild, A. Kazantseval, T. Aid, K. Palm, and T. Timmusk, Dissecting the human BDNF locus: Bidirectional transcription, complex splicing, and multiple promoters, Genomics, vol.90, pp.397-406, 2007.

P. Pruunsild, M. Sepp, E. Orav, I. Koppel, and T. Timmusk, Identification of cis-elements and transcription factors regulating neuronal activity-dependent transcription of human BDNF gene, J. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.3295-3308, 2011.

M. Qi, M. Zhuo, B. S. Skålhegg, E. P. Brandon, E. R. Kandel et al., Impaired hippocampal plasticity in mice lacking the Cbeta1 catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PNAS, vol.93, pp.1571-1576, 1996.

X. Qian, A. Riccio, Y. Zhang, and D. D. Ginty, Identification and characterization of novel substrates of Trk receptors in developing neurons, Neuron, vol.21, pp.1017-1029, 1998.

D. P. Radin and P. Patel, BDNF: An Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor?, Anticancer Res, vol.37, pp.3983-3990, 2017.

A. Radiske, J. I. Rossato, C. A. Köhler, M. C. Gonzalez, J. H. Medina et al., Requirement for BDNF in the reconsolidation of fear extinction, J. Neurosci, vol.35, pp.6570-6574, 2015.

V. R. Rao and S. Finkbeiner, NMDA and AMPA receptors: old channels, new tricks, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.30, pp.284-291, 2007.

L. F. Reichardt, Neurotrophin-regulated signalling pathways, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci, vol.361, pp.1545-1564, 2006.

M. Ribasés, M. Gratacòs, F. Fernández-aranda, L. Bellodi, C. Boni et al., Association of BDNF with anorexia, bulimia and age of onset of weight loss in six European populations, Hum. Mol. Genet, vol.13, pp.1205-1212, 2004.

R. Rock, A. C. Heinrich, N. Schumacher, and M. Gessler, Fjx1: A notch-inducible secreted ligand with specific binding sites in developing mouse embryos and adult brain, Developmental Dynamics, vol.234, pp.602-612, 2005.

A. Rodriguez-tébar, G. Dechant, and Y. A. Barde, Binding of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the nerve growth factor receptor, Neuron, vol.4, pp.487-492, 1990.

H. Rösch, R. Schweigreiter, T. Bonhoeffer, Y. Barde, and M. Korte, The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR modulates long-term depression and regulates the expression of AMPA receptor subunits in the hippocampus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.102, pp.7362-7367, 2005.

P. P. Roux and P. A. Barker, Neurotrophin signaling through the p75 neurotrophin receptor, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.67, pp.203-233, 2002.

F. Sacco, L. Perfetto, L. Castagnoli, and G. Cesareni, The human phosphatase interactome: An intricate family portrait, FEBS Letters, vol.586, pp.2732-2739, 2012.

,

A. Saghazadeh and N. Rezaei, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J Autism Dev Disord, vol.47, pp.1018-1029, 2017.

K. Sakata, N. H. Woo, K. Martinowich, J. S. Greene, R. J. Schloesser et al., Critical role of promoter IV-driven BDNF transcription in GABAergic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.106, pp.5942-5947, 2009.

C. Sampathkumar, Y. Wu, M. Vadhvani, T. Trimbuch, B. Eickholt et al., Loss of MeCP2 disrupts cell autonomous and autocrine BDNF signaling in mouse glutamatergic neurons, eLife Sciences, vol.5, 2016.

J. L. Sanderson and M. L. Dell'acqua, AKAP signaling complexes in regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity, Neuroscientist, vol.17, pp.321-336, 2011.

,

P. Sandhu, M. M. Naeem, C. Lu, P. Kumarathasan, J. Gomes et al., Ser422 phosphorylation blocks human Tau cleavage by caspase-3: Biochemical implications to Alzheimer's Disease, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.27, pp.642-652, 2017.

S. Santi, S. Cappello, M. Riccio, M. Bergami, G. Aicardi et al., Hippocampal neurons recycle BDNF for activity-dependent secretion and LTP maintenance, EMBO J, vol.25, pp.4372-4380, 2006.

L. C. Schenkel, J. Segal, J. A. Becker, G. G. Manfro, M. M. Bianchin et al., The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is an independent risk factor for high lethality in suicide attempts of depressed patients, Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, vol.34, pp.940-944, 2010.

C. Schultz and M. Engelhardt, Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation, Frontiers of Neurology and, pp.6-17, 2014.

J. Scott, M. Selby, M. Urdea, M. Quiroga, G. I. Bell et al., Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the precursor of mouse nerve growth factor, Nature, vol.302, pp.538-540, 1983.

J. D. Scott, E. H. Fischer, J. G. Demaille, and E. G. Krebs, Identification of an inhibitory region of the heat-stable protein inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.82, pp.4379-4383, 1985.

J. D. Scott, M. B. Glaccum, E. H. Fischer, and E. G. Krebs, Primary-structure requirements for inhibition by the heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.83, pp.1613-1616, 1986.

W. B. Scoville and B. Milner, Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, vol.20, pp.11-21, 1957.

B. T. Seet, I. Dikic, M. Zhou, and T. Pawson, Reading protein modifications with interaction domains, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.7, pp.473-483, 2006.

,

N. G. Seidah, S. Benjannet, S. Pareek, M. Chrétien, and R. A. Murphy, Cellular processing of the neurotrophin precursors of NT3 and BDNF by the mammalian proprotein convertases, FEBS Letters, vol.379, pp.247-250, 1996.

M. Sendtner, B. Holtmann, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, and Y. Barde, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the death of motoneurons in newborn rats after nerve section, Nature, vol.360, pp.757-759, 1992.

K. B. Seroogy, K. H. Lundgren, T. M. Tran, K. M. Guthrie, P. J. Isackson et al., Dopaminergic neurons in rat ventral midbrain express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.342, pp.321-334, 1994.

S. Shaltiel, I. Schvartz, B. Korc-grodzicki, and T. Kreizman, Evidence for an extra-cellular function for protein kinase A, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 127, vol.128, pp.283-291, 1993.

R. A. Shanks, B. T. Steadman, P. H. Schmidt, and J. R. Goldenring, AKAP350 at the Golgi apparatus. I. Identification of a distinct Golgi apparatus targeting motif in AKAP350, J. Biol. Chem, vol.277, pp.40967-40972, 2002.

P. Sharma and H. Mcneill, Fat and Dachsous cadherins, Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, vol.116, pp.215-235, 2013.

K. I. Shennan, N. A. Taylor, J. L. Jermany, G. Matthews, and K. Docherty, Differences in pH Optima and Calcium Requirements for Maturation of the Prohormone Convertases PC2 and PC3 Indicates Different Intracellular Locations for These Events, J. Biol. Chem, vol.270, pp.1402-1407, 1995.

Y. Shi, Serine/Threonine Phosphatases: Mechanism through Structure, Cell, vol.139, pp.468-484, 2009.

M. Shimojo, J. Courchet, S. Pieraut, N. Torabi-rander, R. Sando et al., SNAREs Controlling Vesicular Release of BDNF and Development of Callosal Axons, Cell Rep, vol.11, pp.1054-1066, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02547098

A. J. Silva, C. F. Stevens, S. Tonegawa, and Y. Wang, Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice, Science, vol.257, pp.201-206, 1992.

A. T. Sim and J. D. Scott, Targeting of PKA, PKC and protein phosphatases to cellular microdomains, Cell Calcium, vol.26, pp.209-217, 1999.

B. S. Skålhegg, Y. Huang, T. Su, R. L. Idzerda, G. S. Mcknight et al., Mutation of the Calpha subunit of PKA leads to growth retardation and sperm dysfunction, Mol. Endocrinol, vol.16, pp.630-639, 2002.

S. D. Skaper, The biology of neurotrophins, signalling pathways, and functional peptide mimetics of neurotrophins and their receptors, CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, vol.7, pp.46-62, 2008.

V. A. Skeberdis, V. Chevaleyre, C. G. Lau, J. H. Goldberg, D. L. Pettit et al., Protein kinase A regulates calcium permeability of NMDA receptors, Nat. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.501-510, 2006.

A. J. Skilleter, C. S. Weickert, A. A. Moustafa, R. Gendy, M. Chan et al., BDNF val66met genotype and schizotypal personality traits interact to influence probabilistic association learning, Behav. Brain Res, vol.274, pp.137-142, 2014.

P. Skroblin, S. Grossmann, G. Schäfer, W. Rosenthal, and E. Klussmann, Mechanisms of protein kinase A anchoring, Int Rev Cell Mol Biol, vol.283, pp.235-330, 2010.

K. Søberg, T. Jahnsen, T. Rognes, B. S. Skålhegg, and J. K. Laerdahl, Evolutionary paths of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunits, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013.

M. Song and F. S. Lee, New Insights into the Biology of the BDNF Transcriptional 'Code, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.41, pp.1941-1942, 2016.

J. Spacek and K. M. Harris, Trans-Endocytosis via Spinules in Adult Rat Hippocampus, J. Neurosci, vol.24, pp.4233-4241, 2004.

L. R. Squire, Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective, Neurobiol Learn Mem, vol.82, pp.171-177, 2004.

M. Stastna and J. E. Eyk, Secreted proteins as a fundamental source for biomarker discovery, PROTEOMICS, vol.12, pp.722-735, 2012.

R. L. Strausberg, E. A. Feingold, L. H. Grouse, J. G. Derge, R. D. Klausner et al., Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.99, pp.16899-16903, 2002.

U. Suter, J. V. Heymach, and E. M. Shooter, Two conserved domains in the NGF propeptide are necessary and sufficient for the biosynthesis of correctly processed and biologically active NGF, EMBO J, vol.10, pp.2395-2400, 1991.

E. W. Sutherland and W. D. Wosilait, Inactivation and activation of liver phosphorylase, Nature, vol.175, pp.169-170, 1955.

J. D. Sweatt, Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation, Learn. Mem, vol.6, pp.399-416, 1999.

A. Tabuchi, T. Yamada, S. Sasagawa, Y. Naruse, N. Mori et al., REST4-mediated modulation of REST/NRSF-silencing function during BDNF gene promoter activation, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.290, pp.415-420, 2002.

V. S. Tagliabracci, J. L. Engel, J. Wen, S. E. Wiley, C. A. Worby et al., Secreted Kinase Phosphorylates Extracellular Proteins That Regulate Biomineralization, Science, vol.336, pp.1150-1153, 2012.

,

V. S. Tagliabracci, L. A. Pinna, and J. E. Dixon, Secreted protein kinases, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.38, pp.121-130, 2013.

V. S. Tagliabracci, S. E. Wiley, X. Guo, L. N. Kinch, E. Durrant et al., A Single Kinase Generates the Majority of the Secreted Phosphoproteome, Cell, vol.161, pp.1619-1632, 2015.

G. Taglialatela, D. Hogan, W. Zhang, and K. T. Dineley, Intermediate-and long-term recognition memory deficits in Tg2576 mice are reversed with acute calcineurin inhibition, Behav. Brain Res, vol.200, pp.95-99, 2009.

Y. L. Tan, D. F. Zhou, L. Y. Cao, Y. Z. Zou, and X. Y. Zhang, Decreased BDNF in serum of patients with chronic schizophrenia on long-term treatment with antipsychotics, Neurosci. Lett, vol.382, pp.27-32, 2005.

Y. L. Tan, D. F. Zhou, and X. Y. Zhang, Decreased plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia: association with dyskinetic movements, Schizophr. Res, vol.74, pp.263-270, 2005.

J. Tanaka, Y. Horiike, M. Matsuzaki, T. Miyazaki, G. C. Ellis-davies et al., Protein synthesis and neurotrophin-dependent structural plasticity of single dendritic spines, Science, vol.319, pp.1683-1687, 2008.

X. Tao, S. Finkbeiner, D. B. Arnold, A. J. Shaywitz, and M. E. Greenberg, Ca2+ influx regulates BDNF transcription by a CREB family transcription factor-dependent mechanism, Neuron, vol.20, pp.709-726, 1998.

X. Tao, A. E. West, W. G. Chen, G. Corfas, and M. E. Greenberg, A calcium-responsive transcription factor, CaRF, that regulates neuronal activity-dependent expression of BDNF, Neuron, vol.33, pp.383-395, 2002.

K. Taskén and E. M. Aandahl, Localized effects of cAMP mediated by distinct routes of protein kinase A, Physiol. Rev, vol.84, pp.137-167, 2004.

K. Taskén, R. Solberg, Y. Zhao, V. Hansson, T. Jahnsen et al., The gene encoding the catalytic subunit C alpha of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (locus PRKACA) localizes to human chromosome region 19p13, Genomics, vol.1, pp.535-538, 1996.

H. K. Teng, K. K. Teng, R. Lee, S. Wright, S. Tevar et al., ProBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis via activation of a receptor complex of p75NTR and sortilin, J. Neurosci, vol.25, pp.5455-5463, 2005.

K. K. Teng, S. Felice, T. Kim, and B. L. Hempstead, Understanding proneurotrophin actions: Recent advances and challenges, Dev Neurobiol, vol.70, pp.350-359, 2010.

A. J. Tennant-eyles, H. Moffitt, C. A. Whitehouse, and R. G. Roberts, Characterisation of the FAM69 family of cysteine-rich endoplasmic reticulum proteins, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.406, pp.471-477, 2011.

,

M. J. Tenorio, C. Luchsinger, and G. A. Mardones, Protein Kinase A Activity Is Necessary for Fission and Fusion of Golgi to Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrograde Tubules, PLOS ONE, vol.10, 2015.

A. Terracciano, M. G. Piras, M. Lobina, A. Mulas, O. Meirelles et al., Genetics of serum BDNF: Meta-analysis of the Val66Met and genome-wide association study, World J Biol Psychiatry, vol.14, 2013.

A. Tholey, R. Pipkorn, D. Bossemeyer, V. Kinzel, and J. Reed, Influence of Myristoylation, Phosphorylation, and Deamidation on the Structural Behavior of the N-Terminus of the Catalytic Subunit of CAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase ?, Biochemistry, vol.40, pp.225-231, 2001.

K. Thomas and A. Davies, Neurotrophins: A Ticket to Ride for BDNF, Current Biology, vol.15, pp.262-264, 2005.

F. Tian, X. Hu, X. Wu, H. Jiang, H. Pan et al., Dynamic chromatin remodeling events in hippocampal neurons are associated with NMDA receptor-mediated activation of Bdnf gene promoter 1, J. Neurochem, vol.109, pp.1375-1388, 2009.

S. E. Tillo, W. Xiong, M. Takahashi, S. Miao, A. L. Andrade et al., Liberated PKA Catalytic Subunits Associate with the Membrane via Myristoylation to Preferentially Phosphorylate Membrane Substrates, Cell Reports, vol.19, pp.617-629, 2017.

,

T. Timmusk, N. Belluardo, H. Persson, and M. Metsis, Developmental regulation of brainderived neurotrophic factor messenger RNAs transcribed from different promoters in the rat brain, Neuroscience, vol.60, pp.90242-90251, 1994.

T. Timmusk, K. Palm, U. Lendahl, and M. Metsis, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in vivo is under the control of neuron-restrictive silencer element, J. Biol. Chem, vol.274, pp.1078-1084, 1999.

T. Timmusk, K. Palm, M. Metsis, T. Reintam, V. Paalme et al., Multiple promoters direct tissue-specific expression of the rat BDNF gene, Neuron, vol.10, pp.475-489, 1993.

R. Tomasoni, R. Morini, J. P. Lopez-atalaya, I. Corradini, A. Canzi et al., Lack of IL-1R8 in neurons causes hyperactivation of IL-1 receptor pathway and induces MECP2-dependent synaptic defects, 2017.

E. Tongiorgi, A. Sartori, G. Baj, A. Bratina, F. Di-cola et al., Altered serum content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor isoforms in multiple sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci, vol.320, pp.161-165, 2012.

J. Torres, J. Rodriguez, M. P. Myers, M. Valiente, J. D. Graves et al., Phosphorylation-regulated Cleavage of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN by Caspase-3, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, pp.30652-30660, 2003.

O. Torres-quesada, J. E. Mayrhofer, and E. Stefan, The many faces of compartmentalized PKA signalosomes, Cell. Signal, vol.37, pp.1-11, 2017.

V. Trajkovska, A. B. Marcussen, M. Vinberg, P. Hartvig, S. Aznar et al., Measurements of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: methodological aspects and demographical data, Brain Res. Bull, vol.73, pp.143-149, 2007.

J. Tramontina, B. N. Frey, A. C. Andreazza, M. Zandona, A. Santin et al., Val66met polymorphism and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in bipolar disorder, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.12, pp.230-231, 2007.

S. Tsai, C. Hong, Y. W. Yu, .. Chen, and T. , Association study of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and personality trait and intelligence in healthy young females, Neuropsychobiology, vol.49, pp.13-16, 2004.

J. Z. Tsien, P. T. Huerta, and S. Tonegawa, The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory, Cell, vol.87, pp.1327-1338, 1996.

B. J. Tunquist, N. Hoshi, E. S. Guire, F. Zhang, K. Mullendorff et al., Loss of AKAP150 perturbs distinct neuronal processes in mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.105, pp.12557-12562, 2008.

R. E. Turnham and J. D. Scott, Protein kinase A catalytic subunit isoform PRKACA; History, function and physiology, Gene, vol.577, pp.101-108, 2016.

,

K. Uegaki, H. Kumanogoh, T. Mizui, T. Hirokawa, Y. Ishikawa et al., BDNF Binds Its Pro-Peptide with High Affinity and the Common Val66Met Polymorphism Attenuates the Interaction, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.18, 2017.

M. D. Uhler, J. C. Chrivia, and G. S. Mcknight, Evidence for a second isoform of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem, vol.261, pp.15360-15363, 1986.

A. Ullrich, A. Gray, C. Berman, and T. J. Dull, Human beta-nerve growth factor gene sequence highly homologous to that of mouse, Nature, vol.303, pp.821-825, 1983.

C. B. Vaegter, P. Jansen, A. W. Fjorback, S. Glerup, S. Skeldal et al., Sortilin associates with Trk receptors to enhance anterograde transport and neurotrophin signaling, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.14, pp.191-198, 2000.

M. Ventriglia, L. Bocchio-chiavetto, L. Benussi, G. Binetti, O. Zanetti et al., Association between the BDNF 196 A/G polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.7, pp.136-137, 2002.

A. Vicario, A. Colliva, A. Ratti, L. Davidovic, G. Baj et al., Dendritic targeting of short and long 3+ UTR BDNF mRNA is regulated by BDNF or NT-3 and distinct sets of RNA-binding proteins, Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, vol.8, 2015.

M. Vilar, I. Charalampopoulos, R. S. Kenchappa, A. Simi, E. Karaca et al., Activation of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor through Conformational Rearrangement of Disulphide-Linked Receptor Dimers, Neuron, vol.62, pp.72-83, 2009.

J. L. Villano and F. N. Katz, four-jointed is required for intermediate growth in the proximaldistal axis in Drosophila, Development, vol.121, pp.2767-2777, 1995.

P. Vlastaridis, P. Kyriakidou, A. Chaliotis, Y. Van-de-peer, S. G. Oliver et al., Estimating the total number of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteomes, GigaScience, vol.6, pp.1-11, 2017.

D. Voet, J. G. Voet, and C. W. Pratt, Fundamentals of biochemistry: life at the molecular level, Fifth edition, 2016.

N. Wagner, K. Wagner, H. Theres, C. Englert, A. Schedl et al., Coronary vessel development requires activation of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor by the Wilms' tumor transcription factor Wt1, Genes Dev, vol.19, pp.2631-2642, 2005.

D. A. Walsh, Role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase as the transducer of cAMP action, Biochem. Pharmacol, vol.27, pp.1801-1804, 1978.

D. A. Walsh, C. D. Ashby, C. Gonzalez, D. Calkins, and E. H. Fischer, Krebs EG: Purification and characterization of a protein inhibitor of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases, J. Biol. Chem, vol.246, pp.1977-1985, 1971.

H. Wang, M. Li, W. Lin, W. Wang, Z. Zhang et al., Extracellular Activity of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase as a Biomarker for Human Cancer Detection: Distribution Characteristics in a Normal Population and Cancer Patients, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, vol.16, pp.789-795, 2007.

J. Wang, F. Zhang, W. Zhu, Y. Liu, and Z. Zhou, Meta-analysis of the association of brainderived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 2015.

, Acta Neuropsychiatrica, vol.27, pp.327-335

K. Wang, X. Liu, and N. Aragam, A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, Schizophr. Res, vol.124, pp.192-199, 2010.

L. Wang, X. Chang, L. She, D. Xu, W. Huang et al., Autocrine action of BDNF on dendrite development of adult-born hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.35, pp.8384-8393, 2015.

Y. Watanabe, A. Nunokawa, and T. Someya, Association of the BDNF C270T polymorphism with schizophrenia: Updated meta-analysis: BDNF C270T and schizophrenia, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol.67, pp.123-125, 2013.

C. S. Weickert, T. M. Hyde, B. K. Lipska, M. M. Herman, D. R. Weinberger et al., Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, Mol. Psychiatry, vol.8, pp.592-610, 2003.

F. Weinberg, E. Schulze, C. Fatouros, E. Schmidt, R. Baumeister et al., Expression pattern and first functional characterization of riok-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, Gene Expr. Patterns, vol.15, pp.124-134, 2014.

B. Weinstock-guttman, R. H. Benedict, M. Tamaño-blanco, D. P. Ramasamy, M. Stosic et al., The rs2030324 SNP of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with visual cognitive processing in multiple sclerosis, Pathophysiology, vol.18, pp.43-52, 2011.

W. Wen, S. S. Taylor, and J. L. Meinkoth, The expression and intracellular distribution of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor is cell cycle regulated, J. Biol. Chem, vol.270, pp.2041-2046, 1995.

A. E. West, P. Pruunsild, and T. Timmusk, Neurotrophins: Transcription and Translation, Neurotrophic Factors, pp.67-100, 2014.

W. C. Wetsel, R. M. Rodriguiz, J. Guillemot, E. Rousselet, R. Essalmani et al., Disruption of the expression of the proprotein convertase PC7 reduces BDNF production and affects learning and memory in mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.110, pp.17362-17367, 2013.

H. C. Whalley, B. J. Baig, J. Hall, D. E. Job, A. M. Mcintosh et al., Effects of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on prefrontal brain function in a population at high genetic risk of schizophrenia, Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet, vol.153, pp.1474-1482, 2010.

H. V. Wheal, B. Lancaster, and T. V. Bliss, Long-term potentiation in Schaffer collateral and commissural systems of the hippocampus: in vitro study in rats pretreated with kainic acid, Brain Res, vol.272, pp.247-253, 1983.

J. R. Whitlock, A. J. Heynen, M. G. Shuler, and M. F. Bear, Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, Science, vol.313, pp.1093-1097, 2006.

D. M. Williamson, J. Elferich, and U. Shinde, Mechanism of Fine-tuning pH Sensors in Proprotein Convertases, J Biol Chem, vol.290, pp.23214-23225, 2015.

M. P. Witter and D. G. Amaral, Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: V. Projections to the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and subicular complex, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.307, pp.437-459, 1991.

J. Wong, T. M. Hyde, H. L. Cassano, A. Deep-soboslay, J. E. Kleinman et al., Promoter specific alterations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in schizophrenia, Neuroscience, vol.169, pp.1071-1084, 2010.

W. Wong and J. D. Scott, AKAP signalling complexes: focal points in space and time, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.5, p.959, 2004.

Y. Wong, C. Lee, W. Xie, B. Cui, and M. Poo, Activity-dependent BDNF release via endocytic pathways is regulated by synaptotagmin-6 and complexin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.112, pp.4475-4484, 2015.

N. H. Woo, H. K. Teng, C. Siao, C. Chiaruttini, P. T. Pang et al., Activation of p75NTR by proBDNF facilitates hippocampal long-term depression, Nat. Neurosci, vol.8, pp.1069-1077, 2005.

M. A. Wood, M. P. Kaplan, A. Park, E. J. Blanchard, A. M. Oliveira et al., Transgenic mice expressing a truncated form of CREB-binding protein (CBP) exhibit deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory storage, Learn. Mem, vol.12, pp.111-119, 2005.

L. Xu, D. Tian, J. Li, L. Chen, L. Tang et al., The Analysis of Two BDNF Polymorphisms G196A/C270T in Chinese Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, vol.9, 2017.

Y. Xue, J. Ren, X. Gao, C. Jin, L. Wen et al., GPS 2.0, a Tool to Predict Kinasespecific Phosphorylation Sites in Hierarchy, Mol Cell Proteomics, vol.7, pp.1598-1608, 2008.

G. Yalak and V. Vogel, Ectokinases as novel cancer markers and drug targets in cancer therapy, Cancer Med, vol.4, pp.404-414, 2015.

G. Yalak and V. Vogel, Extracellular Phosphorylation and Phosphorylated Proteins: Not Just Curiosities But Physiologically Important, Science Signaling, vol.5, pp.7-7, 2012.

T. Yamashita, M. Fujitani, K. Hata, F. Mimura, and S. Yamagishi, Diverse functions of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, Anat Sci Int, vol.80, pp.37-41, 2005.

Q. Yan, M. J. Radeke, C. R. Matheson, J. Talvenheimo, A. A. Welcher et al., Immunocytochemical localization of TrkB in the central nervous system of the adult rat, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.378, pp.135-157, 1997.

J. Yang, L. C. Harte-hargrove, C. Siao, T. Marinic, R. Clarke et al., proBDNF Negatively Regulates Neuronal Remodeling, Synaptic Transmission, and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus, vol.7, pp.796-806, 2014.

,

J. Yang, C. Siao, G. Nagappan, T. Marinic, D. Jing et al., Neuronal release of proBDNF, Nature Neuroscience, vol.12, pp.113-115, 2009.

J. C. Yin, J. S. Wallach, M. Vecchio, E. L. Wilder, H. Zhou et al., Induction of a dominant negative CREB transgene specifically blocks long-term memory in Drosophila, Cell, vol.79, pp.49-58, 1994.

S. Ying, M. Futter, K. Rosenblum, M. J. Webber, S. P. Hunt et al., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces long-term potentiation in intact adult hippocampus: requirement for ERK activation coupled to CREB and upregulation of Arc synthesis, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.1532-1540, 2002.

T. Yoshida, M. Ishikawa, T. Niitsu, M. Nakazato, H. Watanabe et al., Decreased serum levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not its precursor proBDNF, in patients with major depressive disorder, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012.

J. You, Y. Yuan, Z. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Li et al., A preliminary association study between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) haplotype and late-onset depression in mainland Chinese, J Affect Disord, vol.120, pp.165-169, 2010.

F. Zafra, E. Castrén, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm, Interplay between glutamate and gammaaminobutyric acid transmitter systems in the physiological regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor synthesis in hippocampal neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.88, pp.10037-10041, 1991.

F. Zafra, B. Hengerer, J. Leibrock, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm, Activity dependent regulation of BDNF and NGF mRNAs in the rat hippocampus is mediated by non-NMDA glutamate receptors, EMBO J, vol.9, pp.3545-3550, 1990.

M. Zagrebelsky, A. Holz, G. Dechant, Y. Barde, T. Bonhoeffer et al., The p75 neurotrophin receptor negatively modulates dendrite complexity and spine density in hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.25, pp.9989-9999, 2005.

C. C. Zai, M. Manchia, I. E. Sønderby, Z. Yilmaz, V. De-luca et al., Investigation of the genetic interaction between BDNF and DRD3 genes in suicidical behaviour in psychiatric disorders, World J. Biol. Psychiatry, vol.16, pp.171-179, 2015.

S. S. Zakharenko, S. L. Patterson, I. Dragatsis, S. O. Zeitlin, S. A. Siegelbaum et al., Presynaptic BDNF required for a presynaptic but not postsynaptic component of LTP at hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapses, Neuron, vol.39, pp.975-990, 2003.

M. Zhang, D. R. Storm, and H. Wang, Bidirectional synaptic plasticity and spatial memory flexibility require Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclases, J. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.10174-10183, 2011.

C. Zhou and R. F. Dacheux, All amacrine cells in the rabbit retina possess AMPA-, NMDA-, GABA-, and glycine-activated currents, Vis. Neurosci, vol.21, pp.181-188, 2004.

. Lu, Neurotrophic Factor) est une protéine qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la survie et la différenciation des neurones, ainsi que dans l'induction et l'expression de la plasticité synaptique (Deinhardt and Chao, 2003.

B. Le and . Lu, En effet, le BDNF est synthétisé en tant que molécule précurseur, le proBDNF, qui a des effets négatifs « Yin ». Par sa liaison au récepteur p75 NTR , le proBDNF favorise l'apoptose, la rétraction dendritique et la dépression à long-terme. Au contraire, la forme clivée, le BDNF mature (mBDNF), se lie préférentiellement au récepteur TrkB qui active les voies de signalisation de survie cellulaire, de différentiation et de potentialisation à long terme. On parle alors d'effets positifs ou « Yang ». Le clivage de BDNF joue donc un rôle capital dans la régulation de sa balance fonctionnelle vers l'une ou l'autre voie. Il est généralement admis que le proBDNF est clivé en mBDNF par la furine dans le Golgi ou par la pro-protéine convertase 1/3 dans les vésicules de sécrétion, sous deux formes ayant des fonctions opposées, on peut parler d'effet Yin et Yang du BDNF, 1996.

. Lu, BDNF ayant des rôles critiques dans la fonction neuronale, il n'est pas étonnant que son expression et son action soient extrêmement régulées dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cependant, si les enzymes de conversion du BDNF sont bien connues, les mécanismes de régulation du clivage ne sont pas encore compris. Nous montrons ici un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de la maturation de BDNF via une phosphorylation qui impacte directement la balance fonctionnelle. En effet, nous montrons que la phosphorylation du résidu S130, localisé à l'interface entre le pro-domaine et le domaine mature, diminue l'efficacité du clivage du BDNF par la furine, régulant ainsi l'équilibre entre les formes immature et mature. Cette phosphorylation au site S130 est catalysée par les ectokinases FJX1 et FAM69B qui sont localisées dans l'appareil de Golgi avec BDNF. De plus, grâce à l'utilisation de souris transgéniques knock-in phospho-mutantes, nous montrons que la phosphorylation de BDNF, en favorisant la forme proBDNF, inhibe la potentialisation à long-terme et diminue la dynamique de plasticité des épines dendritiques après stimulation neuronale. Ces résultats suggèrent ainsi une nouvelle voie de régulation de la balance, Par leurs rôles diamétralement opposés, le BDNF mature et le proBDNF permettent une régulation fine de la survie et la différentiation des neurones et leur plasticité synaptique en fonction de l'activité neuronale, 2014.

. En-parallèle, . Dans-le-golgi, and . Lu, Cette exoPKA atypique phosphoryle BDNF au niveau de la sérine S130 et régule sa maturation et donc l'équilibre entre les formes pro et matures de BDNF. Cette exoPKA est différente de la PKA cytosolique ce qui suggère l'existence d'un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de la plasticité par PKA via BDNF. Enfin, nous sommes en train de tester le rôle de l'exoPKA sur la régulation négative de la plasticité synaptique via la régulation du clivage de BDNF. Ces résultats permettront de déterminer l'existence d'une dichotomie d'action de PKA sur la plasticité en fonction de la forme activée, cytosolique ou golgienne/sécrétée. TITLE: Identification of a phosphorylated form of BDNF: a new mechanism for the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory? ABSTRACT Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays an essential role in the survival and differentiation of neurons, as well as in the induction and expression of synaptic plasticity (Deinhardt and Chao, 2003.

. Lu, Indeed, BDNF is synthesized as a precursor molecule, proBDNF, which has negative effects "Yin". By binding to the p75NTR receptor, proBDNF promotes apoptosis, dendritic retraction and long-term depression. In contrast, the cleaved form, mature BDNF (mBDNF), binds preferentially to the TrkB receptor that activates the signaling pathways promoting cell survival, differentiation, and long-term potentiation. Thus, mBDNF has positive effects or "Yang". The cleavage of BDNF therefore plays a key role in regulating its functional balance towards one or the other pathway. It is believed that proBDNF is cleaved into mBDNF by furin in the Golgi network or by pro-protein convertase 1/3 in secretory vesicles, BDNF exists as two forms with opposite functions, or Yin and Yang effects, 1996.

. Lu, Since BDNF has critical roles in neuronal functions, it is not surprising that its expression and action are extremely regulated in time and space. However, even if the enzymes processing BDNF are well known, 2014.

, This phosphorylation at the S130 site is catalyzed by ectokinases FJX1 and FAM69B which are localized in the Golgi apparatus with BDNF. Furthermore, by using phospho-mutant knock-in transgenic mice, we show that the phosphorylation of BDNF, by promoting the proBDNF form, inhibits the long-term potentiation and decreases the plasticity dynamics of the dendritic spines after neuronal stimulation. These results suggest a novel regulatory pathway for BDNF functional balance and suggest a critical role for S130 phosphorylation in learning and memory processes. In parallel, the search for potential kinases of BDNF led us to identify an exoPKA, located in the Golgi and interacting directly with BDNF. This atypical exoPKA phosphorylates BDNF at serine S130 and regulates its maturation and therefore the balance between the pro-and mature forms of BDNF. This exoPKA is different from the cytosolic PKA which suggests the existence of a new mechanism of regulation of plasticity by PKA via BDNF. Finally, we are testing the role of exoPKA on the downregulation of synaptic plasticity via the regulation of BDNF cleavage, Here we show a new mechanism for the regulation of BDNF maturation via phosphorylation which directly impacts the functional balance. Indeed, we show that phosphorylation of the S130 residue, located at the interface between the pro-and the mature domain, decreases the efficiency of BDNF cleavage by furin, thus regulating the balance between immature and mature forms