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, Une grande attention s'est portée sur l'ACC. Or, le cortex S1 est aussi impliqué dans la douleur chronique. Il est le siège d'une hyperactivité chez le patient comme chez l'animal douloureux chronique. Mais cette hyperactivité est-elle soutenue par une plasticité ? Et si oui, laquelle ? En effet, il est maintenant clairement établi que l'activité synaptique peut déclencher simultanément de nombreux phénomènes de plasticité, incluant notamment (i) des changements bidirectionnels durables de la transmission synaptique (LTP ou LTD), (ii) des changements dans la capacité même qu'a cette transmission synaptique d'exprimer une future plasticité synaptique (métaplasticité), (iii) des changements bidirectionnels durables de l'excitabilité neuronale (LTP-IE et LTD-IE) et (iv) une réorganisation morphologique, De nombreuses données expérimentales suggèrent que la chronicisation d'une douleur met en jeu une plasticité des voies de la douleur parmi lesquelles le cortex

. Dans-une-première-Étape, En effet, il est crucial de connaitre à la fois (i) les relations entre activité synaptique et chaque type de plasticité ou règles de plasticité (synaptique, intrinsèque) et (ii) les relations entre ces différentes plasticités -i.e. les différentes règles de plasticité -pour déterminer le rôle de chaque plasticité dans l'engram, ici la mémoire douloureuse. Nous montrons qu'en règle générale, dans les couches 2/3 du cortex S1, changements synaptiques et changements neuronaux sont synergiques : LTP synaptique avec LTP-IE et LTD synaptique avec LTD-IE. Ainsi les changements d'excitabilité intrinsèque tendent à amplifier les changements synaptiques. De plus, nous révélons que les deux règles de plasticité, synaptique et intrinsèque, sont (i) superposables et (ii) varient parallèlement en fonction de l, nous avons recherché, en conditions contrôles, quels sont les phénomènes de plasticité déclenchés par l'activation synaptique dans les couches superficielles

. Voir-ngezahayo, Nous avons montré que s'il y a par exemple induction d'une LTP synaptique, l'induction ultérieure de la LTD est facilitée et celle de la LTP au contraire inhibée. Or cette métaplasticité, homéostatique, est spécifique des synapses qui ont été activées ; l'induction des LTD/LTP synaptiques dans les autres synapses n'est pas modifiée, Il est intéressant de comparer ici le rôle respectif des plasticités synaptique et neuronale dans le contrôle de l'induction ultérieure d'une plasticité synaptique, 2000.

. La-ltp-synaptique-s'accompagne-d'une-ltp-ie, Cette hyperexcitabilité, elle, facilite l'induction d'une plasticité synaptique -elle est donc synergique -dans l'ensemble des synapses sur ce neurone

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, Abstract Chronic neuropathic or inflammatory pain is believed to result from long-lasting synaptic and neuronal changes in pain pathways, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which codes for pain intensity and location. Using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings from S1

, We first establish the relation in basal conditions between synaptic activity and (i) bidirectional synaptic plasticity (long-term depression/potentiation

, LTD/LTP), (ii) changes in the ability to express synaptic plasticity (metaplasticity), (iii) bidirectional changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability (LTP/LTD-IE)

, the rules for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons

, At 1-hour, mechanical allodynia is associated with (i) LTP of excitatory synaptic transmission, together with (ii) an inhibition to generate further LTP but a facilitation to generate LTD (metaplasticity), consistent with LTP of synaptic transmission, (iii) LTP-IE and (iv) reduced dendritic arbor complexity of S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. At 3 days, LTP and LTP-IE were still present but metaplasticity and dendritic arbor complexity

, Utilisant des enregistrements électrophysiologiques ex vivo de neurones pyramidaux des couches 2/3 de S1, nous avons étudié la plasticité induite dans un modèle de douleur inflammatoire chronique de la face chez le rat

, entre activité synaptique et (i) plasticité synaptique bidirectionnelle (long-term depression/potentiation ; LTD/LTP), (ii) changements dans la capacité d'exprimer une plasticité synaptique (métaplasticité), (iii) changements bidirectionnels de l, Nous établissons d'abord la relation, dans les conditions normales

, Nous étudions alors ces plasticités chez des rats exprimant une allodynie mécanique faciale, p.1

, heure et 3 jours après l'injection de CFA. A 1 heure, l'allodynie mécanique est associée à (i)

, une LTP de la transmission synaptique excitatrice, combinée à (ii) une inhibition de l'induction de la LTP/facilitation de l'induction de la LTD (métaplasticité), consistants avec la LTP

L. Et, A 3 jours, LTP and LTP-IE sont toujours présentes mais métaplasticité et complexité de l'arbre dendritique sont retournées à l