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, et par les applications qui en résultent comme la production d'énergie, le dessalement, l'analyse macromoléculaire et la microscopie. Deux points clés pour le développement de telles technologies sont : 1) le contrôle du transport ionique non-linéaire et 2) la caractérisation des propriétésélectrostatiques, frictionnelles et autres des interfaces solide-liquide avec des solutionsélectrolytiques. Dans ce manuscript, je m'intéresseà la sélectivité ionique ainsi qu'au transport non-linéaire des ions dans les nanopores, Je développe une théorie cohérente qui permet de rationaliser les travaux expérimentaux précédents et ouvre des nouvelles voies pour le dessalement et la génération d'énergie
, J'explore ensuite chacun des deux points clés cites précédemment. D'abord, j'étudie les limites de l'approche en milieu continuà travers l'exemple du couplage non-linéaire observé pour le transport dans des canaux qui font quelques angström d'épaisseur. Dans ce cadre, je montre que l'équation de Navier-Stokes ne permet plus de décrire correctement la dynamique des fluides (à cetteéchelle), et je mets enévidence l'importance des propriétés de friction du matériau qui confine le liquide. Enfin, j'explore l'effet des propriétés de surface sur le champélectrique appliqué en Microscopieà conductance ioniqueà balayage (Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy). Je propose une nouvelle approche pour l'imagerie de la charge de surface qui