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, Un nombre croissant de programmes de recherche ont ainsi pour objectif de focaliser la recherche sur des objectifs de connaissance orientés vers l'action, les frontières disciplinaires, c'est également de plus en plus un rapprochement entre une recherche dite « fondamentale » et « appliquée » (Davodeau et Toublanc, 2010.

, La recherche interdisciplinaire reste pourtant encore difficile à mettre en oeuvre aujourd'hui. Les principaux obstacles résultent notamment des divergences de mode d'acquisition et d'analyse des données, et donc de production et de valorisation des connaissances scientifiques

, La recherche interdisciplinaire est ainsi particulièrement compliquée dans le cadre d'un doctorat, dont la pratique est traditionnellement caractérisée par un régime de production de connaissances fortement disciplinarisé, 2014.

, Ce travail de thèse s'est inscrit à l'interface entre différentes entrées disciplinaires complémentaires, fondamentales et appliquées en milieu urbain ; écologie du paysage, psychologie environnementale, aménagement de l'espace. Il a ainsi nécessité de mobiliser une diversité d'outils théoriques et méthodologiques d'origines disciplinaires différentes. Un des principaux enjeux de ce travail de thèse a ainsi été d'identifier un indicateur commun potentiel de la valeur écologique

, Il s'agissait ensuite de construire une méthodologie permettant de pouvoir recueillir deux jeux de données différents sur cet indicateur

, Des études ont conclu que l'étape clef de la réussite d'un travail de recherche interdisciplinaire est l'identification d'un terrain commun, d'un objet d'étude partagé, sur lequel les différentes disciplines travaillent, chacune selon leur propre définition, Hubert et Bonnemaire, 2000.

, ) qui a servi d'indicateur commun de la valeur écologique et sociale des EVU publics, et de terrain commun entre les différentes disciplines de cette thèse. Le paysage, « dont le caractère résulte de l'action de facteurs naturels et humains et de leurs interrelations » (CEP), est par définition un objet d'étude pluridisciplinaire, et une notion polysémique. Selon Philippe Clergeau, le paysage est étudié par les écologues en tant que support de dispersion des espèces et d'organisation de différents écosystèmes, et par les sociologues en tant qu'objet de la gouvernance des perceptions et des sociabilités. Il est également étudié par les géographes en tant que construction issue de pratiques de production et d'usages des sociétés, 2015.

. Davasse, De par ses multiples lectures, le paysage permet ainsi de réunir et de créer des échanges entre différentes approches disciplinaires autour d'un support tangible d'observation, 2017.

, De plus, les dimensions fondamentales du paysage en font un moyen pour interroger les perceptions des individus qui le vivent au quotidien, 2010.

L. Cormier, il est ainsi souvent plus facile pour les urbains de parler de paysage que de biodiversité 127

(. Cormier, En effet, la notion et l'échelle du paysage a permis de recueillir les perceptions des usagers des EVU publics, 2012.

, Projet de paysage et recherche scientifique Si cette thèse souligne la pertinence de la notion et de l'échelle du paysage pour générer une approche intégrée et appliquée articulant les enjeux environnementaux et sociaux des EVU publics, le rôle des architectes paysagistes doit également être souligné ici, 2016.

, désigne les personnes titulaires d'un diplôme « sanctionnant une formation spécifique de caractère culturel, scientifique, et technique à la conception paysagère ». Pour le paysagiste, le paysage est à la fois végétalisation, histoire, et ambiance des lieux, Les Carnets du Paysage n°7 -Autour du projet », Jean-Pierre Boutinet défini le projet de paysage comme « une image opérative qui consiste à produire un cadre naturel de pays perceptivement et esthétiquement désiré, 2001.

, A travers le projet de paysage, les paysagistes ont donc un rôle pour faire en sorte que les actions mises en place en faveur de la biodiversité dans les EVU publics soient perçues, comprises, Pour la chercheuse Joan Iverson Nassaeur, le projet de paysage permet d'intégrer les connaissances scientifiques, en particulier les concepts de l'écologie, et de les traduire dans des formes paysagères perceptibles et appréciées, 2006.

, Le projet de paysage est ainsi une opportunité en tant que méthode de recherche, mais également en tant qu'objet de recherche (Nassauer et Opdam, Cela implique d'intégrer dans les travaux de recherche le paysage comme outil, mais également comme finalité, 2008.

«. Le-projet-de-paysage-»-(davodeau and . Toublanc, Certains paysagistes identifient la démarche de projet à une posture intellectuelle génératrice d'un questionnement théorique et productrice de connaissances. Ce nouveau champ théorique suppose que le paysagiste soit tour à tour théoricien et praticien. Cela implique de distinguer la pratique paysagiste de la connaissance scientifique du paysage. La pratique paysagiste cherche à modifier la réalité du paysage, envisagée dans ses différentes dimensions. Les sciences, naturelles et sociales, prenant comme objet d'étude le paysage cherchent à mieux le comprendre, 2009.

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