, For instance, the REST SDMX API of Eurostat gives access to the Eurostat data

, More broadly, this directive aims at improving the access to spatial information across Europe by fostering cooperation between institutions, so that they share common tools and build together a network of SDI at European level, The INSPIRE Directive requires producers of digital geographic data to apply rules for their harmonization, standardization and dissemination

, Please note that SAU is not the official TSN name that is Swiss official commune register. We found this name misleading and reductive as under the term "commune" there are vector boundaries of municipalities, districts, cantons, large regions, 2016.

, PREFIX

, WHERE { 7 values ?p {tsnchange:inputUnitVersion tsnchange:lowerChange} 8 :V2011_L4_508 (tsnchange:inputUnitVersion|tsnchange:lowerChange) * ?s . 9 ?s ?p ?o . 10 ?s rdf:type tsnchange:StructureChange 11 }ORDERBY DESC(?s)

, The first challenge (1) has been solved using PostGIS functions. A SQL script was created and used on the ASGS data in order to reduce the number of vertices (please note that we may have used other tools such as the, ARCGIS tool, vol.14

, Step 1. Create a topology 2 SELECT CreateTopology('unit_version_topo', find_srid

. Select-addtopogeometrycolumn,

, unit_version_simpl SET topogeom = toTopoGeom(geom_simpl, ' unit_version_topo, vol.1

, CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION SimplifyEdgeGeom(atopo varchar, anedge int, vol.8

, || tol || ')) FROM ' 18 || quote_ident(atopo) || '.edge WHERE edge_id = ' || anedge; 19 BEGIN 20 RAISE DEBUG 'Running %', sql; OTHERS THEN 25 RAISE WARNING 'Simplification of edge % with tolerance % failed: %' , anedge, tol, SQLERRM, sql := 'SELECT topology.ST_ChangeEdgeGeom(' || quote_literal(atopo) || ', ' || anedge 17 || ', ST_Simplify(geom

$. Strict,

. Select and . Simplifyedgegeom,

, Convert the TopoGeometries to Geometries for visualization 35 UPDATE unit_version_simpl SET geom_simpl = topogeom::geometry, pp.34-40

, CONSTRUCT { 6 ?s ?p ?o . 7 ?uBefore tsnchange:intputUnitVersion ?o . 8 ?uAfter tsnchange:outputUnitVersion ?o .} 9 FROM <http://purl.org/steamer/asgs> WHERE{ 10 select distinct ?s ?p ?, o ?uBefore ?uAfter where { 11 values ?p {tsnchange:inputUnitVersion tsnchange:upperChange } 12 :V2011_L2_508011194 (tsnchange:inputUnitVersion|tsnchange:upperChange) * ?s . 13 ?s ?p ?o . 14 ?o (tsnchange:upperChange) * :change_unitchange_V2011_L4_508. 15 Optional{ 16 ?uBefore tsnchange:inputUnitVersion * ?o . 17 ?uBefore a tsn:UnitVersion . 18 ?uAfter tsnchange:outputUnitVersion * ?o . 19 ?uAfter a tsn:UnitVersion . 20 } 21 }} Listing Code 11.5 -A SPARQL query that, 2015.

U. The,

, In the following Listing 11.11, we show how the two versions of the TUs ES63 in NUTS 1999 and 2003, are described using the TSN and the GeoSPARQL ontologies, qb4st:SpatialDimension nuts:V2003_L2_ES63), vol.1

, nuts:V1999_L2_ES63 a tsn:UnitVersion ; 8 tsn:isMemberOf nuts:V1999_L2

, 9 tsn:hasIdentifier, ES63

, 10 tsn:hasName

, 11 tsn:hasSuperFeature nuts:V1999_L1_ES6

, 12 tsnchange:hasNextVersion nuts:V2003_L2_ES63

, 13 tsn:isVersionOf nuts:L2_ES63

, 14 tnschange:inputUnitVersion 15 nuts:change_extractionchange_V1999_L2_ES63

, 16 geosparql:hasGeometry nuts:Geometry_3245

, es"^^xsd:string . 19 nuts:V2003_L2_ES63 a tsn:UnitVersion

, 21 tsn:hasIdentifier "ES63"^^xsd:string

, 22 tsn:hasName, Ciudad Autonoma de Ceuta

, 23 tsn:hasSuperFeature nuts:V2003_L1_ES6

, 24 tsnchange:hasNextVersion nuts:V2006_L2_ES63

, 25 tsn:isVersionOf nuts:L2_ES63

, 26 tnschange:outputUnitVersion 27 nuts:change_extractionchange_V1999_L2_ES63

, 28 geosparql:hasGeometry nuts:Geometry_3246

, es"^^xsd:string ; . 31 nuts:Geometry_3245 a geosparql:Geometry ; 32 geosparql:asWKT 33

, MULTIPOLYGON, vol.9522, issue.35, pp.37-42

, 40 geosparql:is3D "false"^^xsd:boolean

, 41 geosparql:isEmpty "false"^^xsd:boolean

, 42 geosparql:isSimple "true"^^xsd:boolean

, 43 geosparql:spatialDimension 2 . 44 nuts:Geometry_3246 a geosparql:Geometry ; 45 geosparql:asWKT 46

, 50 geosparql:is3D "false"^^xsd:boolean

, 51 geosparql:isEmpty "false"^^xsd:boolean

, 52 geosparql:isSimple "true"^^xsd:boolean

, 53 geosparql:spatialDimension 2

, Listing Code 11.11 -A description of two versions of the TUs ES63, NUTS 1999 and 2003 using the TSN and the GeoSPARQL ontologies

, Figure 11.4 -The Theseus Framework Web Mapping GUI using request to the Geoserver WMS

E. G. Bernard, are available and provide potential users with some examples on how to use the ontologies and the data sets. The Change graphs are available online from a SPARQL Endpoint 16 . Thus, one can query the graph using the SPARQL language and its geospatial extension GeoSPARQL in order to extract information such as: the number of changes between two versions, the most prevalent change type, the life line of a given TU, the description of one Change Graph, etc. from the three data sets processed. We use the https://purl.org/ service to provide persistent URIs to our resources and concepts. Also, to make ontologies and data sets accessible by both humans and machines, content negotiation operations are set up on the server's side, Conclusion With respect to the re-usability of the published resources, several online documentations, 2018.

. Finally, However, in France, we notice the Geo-LARHRA initiative from a Research Group of historian that have redraw the boundaries of the french cantons from 1884 to, they are both accessible from the Linked Open Vocabularies Portal and registered in GitHub. The two ontologies are under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license 17 . 15. e.g., ontologies documentation, TSN catalog of changes in the SAU compared to description provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office, 1966.

, Coniferous forest" to "Airports"). -add a new weight parameter (attached to this CLC class attribute) to the TSN Semantic matching Algorithm. This weight indicates the importance of this attribute when determining the persistence of the identity of the TU over the versions. -extend the TSN-Change typology of changes with new tag(s) describing the change of this new attribute. For instance, a new concept such as "LandCoverClass-Change" could be added to the TSN Change Typology. Or, we could propose more precise terms to describe the change process, has changed and how much it has changed

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, 15 rr:subjectMap [ rr:class tsn:UnitVersion; rr:template "http://purl. org/steamer/nuts/V{`idnomenclature`}_L{`level`}_{`idunit`}/gid/{g id

, 16 rr:predicateObjectMap [ 17 rr:predicate tsn:isMemberOf; 18 rr:objectMap [ 19 rr:termType rr:IRI, vol.20