F. Agosta, P. M. Ferraro, N. Riva, E. G. Spinelli, A. Chiò et al., , 2016.

, Structural brain correlates of cognitive and behavioral impairment in MND, Human Brain Mapping, vol.37, issue.4, pp.1614-1626

F. Agosta, P. Valsasina, N. Riva, M. Copetti, M. J. Messina et al., The cortical signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PloS One, vol.7, issue.8, 2012.

F. Agosta, P. Valsasina, N. Riva, M. Copetti, M. J. Messina et al., The cortical signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PloS One, vol.7, issue.8, 2012.

S. C. Andrews, M. Staios, J. Howe, K. Reardon, and F. Fisher, Multimodal emotion processing deficits are present in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neuropsychology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.304-310, 2017.

A. D. Baddeley, H. Emslie, and I. Nimmo-smith, Doors and People: A Test of Visual and Verbal Recall and Recognition. Manual, 1994.

S. Baron-cohen, S. Wheelwright, J. Hill, Y. Raste, and I. Plumb, The « Reading the Mind in the Eyes » Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, vol.42, issue.2, pp.241-251, 2001.

S. Baron-cohen, S. Wheelwright, J. Hill, Y. Raste, and I. Plumb, The « Reading the Mind in the Eyes » Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, vol.42, issue.2, pp.241-251, 2001.

A. T. Beck, C. H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, and J. Erbaugh, An inventory for measuring depression, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.4, pp.561-571, 1961.

,

P. Bede and O. Hardiman, Longitudinal structural changes in ALS: a three time-point imaging study of white and gray matter degeneration, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.19, issue.3-4, pp.232-241, 2018.

,

E. Beeldman, J. Raaphorst, M. Klein-twennaar, M. De-visser, B. A. Schmand et al., The cognitive profile of ALS: a systematic review and meta-analysis update, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.87, issue.6, pp.611-619, 2016.

,

S. Benbrika, B. Desgranges, F. Eustache, and F. Viader, Cognitive, Emotional and Psychological Manifestations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at Baseline and Overtime: A Review, Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol.13, p.951, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-02316968

M. Bock, Y. Duong, A. Kim, I. Allen, J. Murphy et al., , 2017.

, Progression and effect of cognitive-behavioral changes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurology. Clinical Practice, vol.7, issue.6, pp.488-498

,

M. E. Bodden, D. Kübler, S. Knake, K. Menzler, J. T. Heverhagen et al., Comparing the neural correlates of affective and cognitive theory of mind using fMRI: Involvement of the basal ganglia in affective theory of mind, Advances in Cognitive Psychology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.32-43, 2013.

C. Bourke, K. Douglas, and R. Porter, Processing of facial emotion expression in major depression: a review, The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol.44, issue.8, pp.681-696, 2010.

W. Braber, Measurements of cognitive functioning in ALS patients: a longitudinal study, 2016.

, Consulté 19 février, 2019.

W. A. Brown and P. S. Mueller, Psychological function in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.32, issue.2, pp.141-152, 1970.

M. Buhour, F. Doidy, A. Mondou, A. Pélerin, L. Carluer et al., Voxel-based mapping of grey matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, EJNMMI Research, vol.7, issue.1, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01511474

C. Bungener, A. Piquard, P. Pradat, F. Salachas, V. Meininger et al., Psychopathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a preliminary study with 27 ALS patients. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.6, issue.4, pp.221-225, 2005.

P. W. Burgess, T. Shallice, K. Gbyl, E. Rostrup, J. M. Raghava et al., Cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a longitudinal MRI study, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.140, issue.3, pp.205-216, 1997.

Z. C. Gibbons, A. Richardson, D. Neary, and J. S. Snowden, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.9, pp.67-74, 2008.

S. M. Gillingham, Y. Yunusova, A. Ganda, E. Rogaeva, S. E. Black et al., Assessing cognitive functioning in ALS: A focus on frontal lobe processes, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.182-192, 2017.

M. T. Giordana, P. Ferrero, S. Grifoni, A. Pellerino, A. Naldi et al., , 2011.

, Dementia and cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review

, Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.9-16

,

A. Girardi, S. E. Macpherson, and S. Abrahams, Deficits in emotional and social cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neuropsychology, vol.25, issue.1, pp.53-65, 2011.

,

O. Godefroy and . Grefex, Fonctions éxecutives et pathologies neurodégénératives et psychiatriques, 2008.

P. H. Gordon, D. Delgadillo, A. Piquard, G. Bruneteau, P. Pradat et al., The range and clinical impact of cognitive impairment in French patients with ALS: a cross-sectional study of neuropsychological test performance, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.12, issue.5, pp.372-378, 2011.

,

M. R. Grabler, U. Weyen, G. Juckel, M. Tegenthoff, and P. Mavrogiorgou-juckel, , 2018.

, Death Anxiety and Depression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients and Their Primary Caregivers, Frontiers in Neurology, vol.9

E. M. Hammer, S. Häcker, M. Hautzinger, T. D. Meyer, and A. Kübler, Validity of the ALS-Depression-Inventory (ADI-12)--a new screening instrument for depressive disorders in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.109, issue.1-2, pp.213-219, 2008.

X. Han, J. Jovicich, D. Salat, A. Van-der-kouwe, B. Quinn et al., Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: The effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer, 2006.

, NeuroImage, vol.32, issue.1, pp.180-194

M. Hautzinger, , 1991.

, Der Nervenarzt, vol.62, issue.11, pp.689-696

T. Hillemacher, E. Grässel, S. Tigges, S. Bleich, B. Neundörfer et al., Depression and bulbar involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2004.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.5, issue.4, pp.245-249

P. Hot, Y. Klein-koerkamp, C. Borg, A. Richard-mornas, I. Zsoldos et al., Fear recognition impairment in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: when focusing on the eyes region improves performance, Brain and Cognition, vol.82, issue.1, pp.25-34, 2013.

B. Jakobsson-larsson, K. Nordin, and I. Nygren, Coping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; from diagnosis and during disease progression, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.361, pp.235-242, 2016.

L. Jelsone-swain, C. Persad, K. L. Votruba, S. L. Weisenbach, T. Johnson et al., The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Disease State, and Cognition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontiers in Psychology, vol.3, 2012.

J. Kamminga, F. V. Leslie, S. Hsieh, J. Caga, E. Mioshi et al., Syntactic comprehension deficits across the FTD-ALS continuum, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.41, pp.11-18, 2016.

,

E. Kasper, C. Schuster, J. Machts, D. Bittner, S. Vielhaber et al., Dysexecutive functioning in ALS patients and its clinical implications, 2015.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.160-171

,

E. Kasper, C. Schuster, J. Machts, D. Bittner, S. Vielhaber et al., Dysexecutive functioning in ALS patients and its clinical implications, 2015.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.160-171

,

E. Kasper, K. Zydatiss, C. Schuster, J. Machts, D. Bittner et al., No Change in Executive Performance in ALS Patients: A Longitudinal Neuropsychological Study, Neuro-Degenerative Diseases, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.184-191, 2016.

,

B. Kaszás, N. Kovács, I. Balás, J. Kállai, Z. Aschermann et al., Sensitivity and specificity of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery and Mini Mental State Examination for diagnosing dementia in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, vol.18, issue.5, pp.553-556, 2012.

M. Kilani, J. Micallef, C. Soubrouillard, D. Rey-lardiller, C. Dematteï et al., A longitudinal study of the evolution of cognitive function and affective state in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.5, issue.1, pp.46-54, 2004.

,

A. Kurt, F. Nijboer, T. Matuz, and A. Kübler, Depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: epidemiology and management, CNS Drugs, vol.21, issue.4, pp.279-291, 2007.

J. Y. Kwan, A. Meoded, L. E. Danielian, T. Wu, and M. K. Floeter, Structural imaging differences and longitudinal changes in primary lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, NeuroImage. Clinical, vol.2, pp.151-160, 2012.

,

J. M. Leppänen, Emotional information processing in mood disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging findings, Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol.19, issue.1, pp.34-39, 2006.

P. Lillo, E. Mioshi, J. R. Burrell, M. C. Kiernan, J. R. Hodges et al., , 2012.

, Grey and white matter changes across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia continuum, PloS One, vol.7, issue.8

P. Lillo, E. Mioshi, M. C. Zoing, M. C. Kiernan, and J. R. Hodges, How common are behavioural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of, Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.12, issue.1, pp.45-51, 2011.

A. Ludolph, V. Drory, O. Hardiman, I. Nakano, J. Ravits et al., Research Group On ALS/MND, 2015.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.16, issue.5-6, pp.291-292

,

D. Lulé, S. Häcker, A. Ludolph, N. Birbaumer, and A. Kübler, Depression and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Deutsches Arzteblatt International, vol.105, issue.23, pp.397-403, 2008.

D. Lulé, A. Kurt, R. Jürgens, J. Kassubek, V. Diekmann et al., Emotional responding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.252, issue.12, pp.1517-1524, 2005.

D. Lulé, S. Pauli, E. Altintas, U. Singer, T. Merk et al., Emotional adjustment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Journal of Neurology, vol.259, issue.2, pp.334-341, 2012.

N. Marrus, A. Belden, T. Nishino, T. Handler, J. T. Ratnanather et al., Ventromedial prefrontal cortex thinning in preschool-onset depression, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.180, pp.79-86, 2015.

T. Matuz, N. Birbaumer, M. Hautzinger, and A. Kübler, Coping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an integrative view, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.81, issue.8, pp.893-898, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00557441

T. Matuz, N. Birbaumer, M. Hautzinger, and A. Kübler, Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: a longitudinal study, Frontiers in Psychology, vol.6, p.1197, 2015.

M. C. Mcelhiney, J. G. Rabkin, P. H. Gordon, R. Goetz, and H. Mitsumoto, , 2009.

, Prevalence of fatigue and depression in ALS patients and change over time, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.80, issue.10, pp.1146-1149

,

S. L. Meier, A. J. Charleston, and L. J. Tippett, Cognitive and behavioural deficits associated with the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol.133, issue.11, pp.3444-3457, 2010.

,

D. M. Mezzapesa, E. D'errico, R. Tortelli, E. Distaso, R. Cortese et al., Cortical thinning and clinical heterogeneity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PloS One, vol.8, issue.11, 2013.

M. Miglioretti, L. Mazzini, G. D. Oggioni, L. Testa, and F. Monaco, Illness perceptions, mood and health-related quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.65, issue.6, pp.603-609, 2008.

,

A. Miyake, N. P. Friedman, M. J. Emerson, A. H. Witzki, A. Howerter et al., The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex « Frontal Lobe » tasks: a latent variable analysis, Cognitive Psychology, vol.41, issue.1, pp.49-100, 2000.

A. Montuschi, B. Iazzolino, A. Calvo, C. Moglia, L. Lopiano et al., Cognitive correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study in Italy, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.2, pp.168-173, 2015.

,

J. Murphy, P. Factor-litvak, R. Goetz, C. Lomen-hoerth, P. L. Nagy et al., Cognitive-behavioral screening reveals prevalent impairment in a large multicenter ALS cohort, Neurology, vol.86, issue.9, pp.813-820, 2016.

,

D. Neary, J. S. Snowden, L. Gustafson, U. Passant, D. Stuss et al., Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria, 1998.

, Neurology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1546-1554

S. I. Oh, K. W. Oh, H. J. Kim, J. S. Park, and S. H. Kim, Impaired Perception of Emotional Expression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Journal of Clinical Neurology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.295-300, 2016.

F. Pagnini, Z. Simmons, M. Corbo, and E. Molinari, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: time for research on psychological intervention? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.13, pp.416-417, 2012.

A. Palmieri, M. Naccarato, S. Abrahams, M. Bonato, C. D'ascenzo et al., Right hemisphere dysfunction and emotional processing in ALS: an fMRI study, Journal of Neurology, vol.257, issue.12, pp.1970-1978, 2010.

,

A. Palmieri, G. Mento, V. Calvo, G. Querin, C. D'ascenzo et al., Female gender doubles executive dysfunction risk in ALS: a case-control study in 165 patients, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.5, pp.574-579, 2015.

R. L. Perri, Is there a proactive and a reactive mechanism of inhibition? Towards an executive account of the attentional inhibitory control model, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.377, p.112243, 2019.

J. Phukan, M. Elamin, P. Bede, N. Jordan, L. Gallagher et al., The syndrome of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.83, issue.1, pp.102-108, 2012.

M. Pilevarzadeh, M. Amirshahi, R. Afsargharehbagh, H. Rafiemanesh, S. Hashemi et al., Global prevalence of depression among breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol.176, issue.3, pp.519-533, 2019.

B. Poletti, F. Solca, L. Carelli, A. Faini, F. Madotto et al., , 2018.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, Cognitive-behavioral longitudinal assessment in ALS: the Italian Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS screen (ECAS), vol.19, pp.387-395

,

J. G. Rabkin, S. M. Albert, M. L. Del-bene, I. O'sullivan, T. Tider et al., Prevalence of depressive disorders and change over time in late-stage ALS, Neurology, vol.65, issue.1, pp.62-67, 2005.

,

J. G. Rabkin, G. J. Wagner, and M. Bene, Resilience and distress among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and caregivers, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.62, issue.2, pp.271-279, 2000.

J. Rabkin, R. Goetz, J. M. Murphy, P. Factor-litvak, H. Mitsumoto et al., Cognitive impairment, behavioral impairment, depression, and wish to die in an ALS cohort, Neurology, vol.87, issue.13, pp.1320-1328, 2016.

,

K. Rascovsky, J. R. Hodges, D. Knopman, M. F. Mendez, J. H. Kramer et al., Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol.134, pp.2456-2477, 2011.

M. Reuter, H. D. Rosas, and B. Fischl, Highly Accurate Inverse Consistent Registration: A Robust Approach, NeuroImage, vol.53, issue.4, pp.1181-1196, 2010.

,

M. Reuter, N. J. Schmansky, H. D. Rosas, and B. Fischl, Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis, Neuroimage, vol.61, issue.4, pp.1402-1418, 2012.

,

G. M. Ringholz, S. H. Appel, M. Bradshaw, N. A. Cooke, D. M. Mosnik et al., Prevalence and patterns of cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS, Neurology, vol.65, issue.4, pp.586-590, 2005.

A. Roberts-south, K. Findlater, M. J. Strong, and J. B. Orange, Longitudinal changes in discourse production in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Seminars in Speech and Language, vol.33, issue.1, pp.79-94, 2012.

E. Roos, D. Mariosa, C. Ingre, C. Lundholm, K. Wirdefeldt et al., Depression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurology, vol.86, issue.24, pp.2271-2277, 2016.

,

H. Schreiber, T. Gaigalat, U. Wiedemuth-catrinescu, M. Graf, I. Uttner et al., Cognitive function in bulbar-and spinal-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A longitudinal study in 52 patients, Journal of Neurology, vol.252, issue.7, pp.772-781, 2005.

C. Schuster, E. Kasper, M. Dyrba, J. Machts, D. Bittner et al., Cortical thinning and its relation to cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.35, issue.1, pp.240-246, 2014.

,

C. Schuster, E. Kasper, J. Machts, D. Bittner, J. Kaufmann et al., Longitudinal course of cortical thickness decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.261, issue.10, pp.1871-1880, 2014.

S. G. Shamay-tsoory, H. Lester, R. Chisin, O. Israel, R. Bar-shalom et al., The neural correlates of understanding the other's distress: a positron emission tomography investigation of accurate empathy, NeuroImage, vol.27, issue.2, pp.468-472, 2005.

. Shamay-tsoory, G. Simone, and J. Aharon-peretz, Dissociable prefrontal networks for cognitive and affective theory of mind: a lesion study, Neuropsychologia, vol.45, issue.13, pp.3054-3067, 2007.

M. Siciliano, L. Trojano, F. Trojsi, M. R. Monsurrò, G. Tedeschi et al., Assessing anxiety and its correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The statetrait anxiety inventory, Muscle & Nerve, vol.60, issue.1, pp.47-55, 2019.

,

C. Spielberger, R. Gorsuch, R. Lushene, P. Vagg, and G. Jacobs, Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y1 -Y2), 1983.

M. J. Strong, Revisiting the concept of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a multisystems disorder of limited phenotypic expression, Current Opinion in Neurology, vol.30, issue.6, pp.599-607, 2017.

A. M. Strutt, J. Palcic, J. G. Wager, C. Titus, C. Macadam et al., Cognition, behavior, and respiratory function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ISRN Neurology, p.912123, 2012.

V. Stuphorn and E. E. Emeric, Proactive and reactive control by the medial frontal cortex, Frontiers in Neuroengineering, vol.5, 2012.

J. S. Suh, L. Minuzzi, L. E. Cudney, W. Maich, M. Eltayebani et al., Cerebral cortical thickness after treatment with desvenlafaxine succinate in major depressive disorder, Neuroreport, vol.30, issue.5, pp.378-382, 2019.

,

, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.11, pp.1208-1215

,

,. Van-tol, N. J. Van-der-wee, O. A. Van-den-heuvel, M. M. Nielen, L. R. Demenescu et al., Regional brain volume in depression and anxiety disorders, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.67, issue.10, pp.1002-1011, 2010.

,

E. Verstraete, J. H. Veldink, J. Hendrikse, H. J. Schelhaas, M. P. Van-den-heuvel et al., Structural MRI reveals cortical thinning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.83, issue.4, pp.383-388, 2012.

,

A. Vignola, A. Guzzo, A. Calvo, C. Moglia, A. Pessia et al., , 2008.

, Anxiety undermines quality of life in ALS patients and caregivers, European Journal of Neurology, vol.15, issue.11, pp.1231-1236

R. Walhout, H. Westeneng, E. Verstraete, J. Hendrikse, J. H. Veldink et al., Cortical thickness in ALS: towards a marker for upper motor neuron involvement, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.3, pp.288-294, 2015.

D. Wechsler, Echelle d'intelligence Humaine pour adulye: WAIS-III, 2000.

Q. Wei, Z. Zheng, X. Guo, R. Ou, X. Chen et al., Association between depression and survival in Chinese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.37, issue.4, pp.557-563, 2016.

,

S. C. Woolley and B. K. Rush, Considerations for Clinical Neuropsychological Evaluation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, vol.32, issue.7, pp.906-916, 2017.

S. Woolley, R. Goetz, P. Factor-litvak, J. Murphy, J. Hupf et al., Longitudinal Screening Detects Cognitive Stability and Behavioral Deterioration in ALS Patients, Behavioural Neurology, vol.5969137, 2018.

S. Abdulla, J. Machts, J. Kaufmann, K. Patrick, K. Kollewe et al., Hippocampal degeneration in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.35, issue.11, pp.2639-2645, 2014.

,

S. Abrahams, L. H. Goldstein, J. Suckling, V. Ng, A. Simmons et al., Frontotemporal white matter changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.252, issue.3, pp.321-331, 2005.

A. Abu-akel and S. Shamay-tsoory, Neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases of theory of mind, Neuropsychologia, vol.49, issue.11, pp.2971-2984, 2011.

,

F. Agosta, E. Pagani, M. A. Rocca, D. Caputo, M. Perini et al., , 2007.

, Voxel-based morphometry study of brain volumetry and diffusivity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with mild disability, Human Brain Mapping, vol.28, issue.12, pp.1430-1438

F. Agosta, P. M. Ferraro, N. Riva, E. G. Spinelli, A. Chiò et al., Structural brain correlates of cognitive and behavioral impairment in MND, Human Brain Mapping, vol.37, issue.4, pp.1614-1626, 2016.

F. Agosta, M. L. Gorno-tempini, E. Pagani, S. Sala, D. Caputo et al., Longitudinal assessment of grey matter contraction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A tensor based morphometry study, Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.10, issue.3, pp.168-174, 2009.

F. Agosta, P. Valsasina, N. Riva, M. Copetti, M. J. Messina et al., The cortical signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PloS One, vol.7, issue.8, 2012.

R. M. Ahmed, M. Irish, O. Piguet, G. M. Halliday, L. M. Ittner et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: distinct and overlapping changes in eating behaviour and metabolism, The Lancet. Neurology, vol.15, issue.3, pp.332-342, 2016.

H. E. Aho-Özhan, J. Keller, J. Heimrath, I. Uttner, J. Kassubek et al., Perception of Emotional Facial Expressions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) at Behavioural and Brain Metabolic Level, PloS One, vol.11, issue.10, 2016.

A. Al-chalabi and O. Hardiman, The epidemiology of ALS: a conspiracy of genes, environment and time, Nature Reviews Neurology, vol.9, issue.11, pp.617-628, 2013.

,

A. S. Andrew, T. A. Caller, R. Tandan, E. J. Duell, P. L. Henegan et al., Environmental and Occupational Exposures and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in New England, Neuro-Degenerative Diseases, vol.17, issue.2-3, pp.110-116, 2017.

J. M. Aragones, J. Altimiras, P. Roura-poch, E. Homs, L. Bajo et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A higher than expected incidence in people over 80 years of age, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.17, issue.7-8, pp.522-527, 2016.

A. A. Argyriou, P. Polychronopoulos, S. Papapetropoulos, J. Ellul, I. Andriopoulos et al., Clinical and epidemiological features of motor neuron disease in south-western Greece, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol.111, issue.2, pp.108-113, 2005.

J. Ashburner and K. J. Friston, Voxel-based morphometry--the methods, NeuroImage, vol.11, issue.6, pp.805-821, 2000.

M. R. Barulli, M. Piccininni, C. Di-dio, C. Musarò, A. Grasso et al., Episodic memory and learning rates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without dementia, Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, vol.117, pp.257-265, 2019.

P. Bede, A. Bokde, M. Elamin, S. Byrne, R. L. Mclaughlin et al., Grey matter correlates of clinical variables in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a neuroimaging study of ALS motor phenotype heterogeneity and cortical focality, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.84, issue.7, pp.766-773, 2013.

,

P. Bede and O. Hardiman, Longitudinal structural changes in ALS: a three time-point imaging study of white and gray matter degeneration, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.19, issue.3-4, pp.232-241, 2018.

,

E. Beeldman, J. Raaphorst, M. Klein-twennaar, M. De-visser, B. A. Schmand et al., The cognitive profile of ALS: a systematic review and meta-analysis update, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.87, issue.6, pp.611-619, 2016.

,

E. Beeldman, J. Raaphorst, M. Klein-twennaar, R. Govaarts, Y. A. Pijnenburg et al., The cognitive profile of behavioural variant FTD and its similarities with ALS: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.89, issue.9, pp.995-1002, 2018.

,

S. Benbrika, B. Desgranges, F. Eustache, and F. Viader, Cognitive, Emotional and Psychological Manifestations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at Baseline and Overtime: A Review, Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol.13, p.951, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-02316968

P. Bertagne, J. L. Pedinielli, and C. Marliere, , 1992.

. L'encephale, , vol.18, pp.121-130

M. E. Bodden, D. Kübler, S. Knake, K. Menzler, J. T. Heverhagen et al., Comparing the neural correlates of affective and cognitive theory of mind using fMRI: Involvement of the basal ganglia in affective theory of mind, Advances in Cognitive Psychology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.32-43, 2013.

Y. Bogdanova, M. Díaz-santos, and A. Cronin-golomb, Neurocognitive correlates of alexithymia in asymptomatic individuals with HIV, Neuropsychologia, vol.48, issue.5, pp.1295-1304, 2010.

L. Bond, P. Ganguly, N. Khamankar, N. Mallet, G. Bowen et al., A Comprehensive Examination of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Its Association with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Outcomes, Brain Sciences, issue.9, p.9, 2019.

G. Borsci, M. Boccardi, R. Rossi, G. Rossi, J. Perez et al., , 2009.

, Alexithymia in healthy women: a brain morphology study, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.114, issue.1-3, pp.208-215

C. Bourke, K. Douglas, and R. Porter, Processing of facial emotion expression in major depression: a review, The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol.44, issue.8, pp.681-696, 2010.

W. G. Bradley and D. C. Mash, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.10, pp.7-20, 2009.

,

W. A. Brown and P. S. Mueller, Psychological function in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.32, issue.2, pp.141-152, 1970.

M. Buhour, F. Doidy, A. Mondou, A. Pélerin, L. Carluer et al., Voxel-based mapping of grey matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, EJNMMI Research, vol.7, issue.1, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01511474

C. Bungener, A. Piquard, P. Pradat, F. Salachas, V. Meininger et al., Psychopathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a preliminary study with 27 ALS patients. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.6, issue.4, pp.221-225, 2005.

C. Burkhardt, C. Neuwirth, and M. Weber, Longitudinal assessment of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Screen (ECAS): lack of practice effect in ALS patients?, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.202-209, 2017.

A. Calvo, C. Moglia, C. Lunetta, K. Marinou, N. Ticozzi et al., Factors predicting survival in ALS: a multicenter Italian study, Journal of Neurology, vol.264, issue.1, pp.54-63, 2017.

L. Carluer, A. Mondou, M. Buhour, M. Laisney, A. Pélerin et al., Neural substrate of cognitive theory of mind impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, vol.65, pp.19-30, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02383629

M. T. Carrì, C. Valle, F. Bozzo, and M. Cozzolino, Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage: importance in non-SOD1 ALS, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol.9, 2015.

J. L. Chang, C. Lomen-hoerth, J. Murphy, R. G. Henry, J. H. Kramer et al., A voxel-based morphometry study of patterns of brain atrophy in ALS and ALS/FTLD, Neurology, vol.65, issue.1, pp.75-80, 2005.

,

Z. Chen, M. Liu, and L. Ma, Cortical Thinning Pattern of Bulbar-and Spinalonset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Surface-based Morphometry Study, Chinese Medical Sciences Journal = Chung-Kuo I Hsueh K'o Hsueh Tsa Chih, vol.33, issue.2, pp.100-106, 2018.

G. Cheung, M. J. Gawel, P. W. Cooper, R. I. Farb, L. C. Ang et al., , 1995.

, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: correlation of clinical and MR imaging findings, Radiology, vol.194, issue.1, pp.263-270

A. Chiò, A. Gauthier, A. Calvo, P. Ghiglione, and R. Mutani, Caregiver burden and patients' perception of being a burden in ALS, Neurology, vol.64, issue.10, pp.1780-1782, 2005.

,

A. Chiò, C. Magnani, and D. Schiffer, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in Italy, 1958 to 1987: a cross-sectional and cohort study, Neurology, vol.43, issue.5, pp.927-930, 1993.

,

A. Chiò, G. Mora, A. Calvo, L. Mazzini, E. Bottacchi et al., Epidemiology of ALS in Italy: a 10-year prospective population-based study, 2009.

, Neurology, vol.72, issue.8, pp.725-731

A. Chiò, A. Vignola, E. Mastro, A. D. Giudici, B. Iazzolino et al., Neurobehavioral symptoms in ALS are negatively related to caregivers' burden and quality of life, European Journal of Neurology, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1298-1303, 2010.

,

A. Chiò, A. Calvo, C. Moglia, L. Mazzini, and G. Mora, Phenotypic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.82, issue.7, pp.740-746, 2011.

,

M. Consonni, S. Iannaccone, C. Cerami, P. Frasson, M. Lacerenza et al., The cognitive and behavioural profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: application of the consensus criteria, Behavioural Neurology, vol.27, issue.2, pp.143-153, 2013.

,

M. Cosottini, I. Pesaresi, S. Piazza, S. Diciotti, P. Cecchi et al., Structural and functional evaluation of cortical motor areas in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Experimental Neurology, vol.234, issue.1, pp.169-180, 2012.

,

P. Couratier, P. Corcia, G. Lautrette, M. Nicol, and B. Marin, ALS and frontotemporal dementia belong to a common disease spectrum, Revue Neurologique, vol.173, issue.5, pp.273-279, 2017.

P. Couratier, P. Corcia, G. Lautrette, M. Nicol, P. Preux et al., Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review of literature, Revue Neurologique, vol.172, issue.1, pp.37-45, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01262730

P. Couratier, J. Hugon, P. Sindou, J. M. Vallat, and M. Dumas, Cell culture evidence for neuronal degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis being linked to glutamate AMPA/kainate receptors, Lancet, issue.8840, pp.265-268, 1993.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02503647

,

M. Cozzolino, A. Ferri, C. Valle, and M. T. Carrì, Mitochondria and ALS: implications from novel genes and pathways, Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, vol.55, pp.44-49, 2013.

A. , A. Gallo, A. Trojsi, F. Corbo, D. Esposito et al., Frontotemporal Cortical Thinning in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, American Journal of Neuroradiology, vol.35, issue.2, pp.304-310, 2014.

D. R. Dajani and L. Q. Uddin, Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.38, issue.9, pp.571-578, 2015.

,

K. Das, C. Nag, and M. Ghosh, Familial, environmental, and occupational risk factors in development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, North American Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.4, issue.8, pp.350-355, 2012.

M. De-albuquerque, L. M. Branco, T. J. Rezende, H. M. De-andrade, A. Nucci et al., Longitudinal evaluation of cerebral and spinal cord damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, NeuroImage. Clinical, vol.14, pp.269-276, 2017.

,

M. De-carvalho, R. Dengler, A. Eisen, J. D. England, R. Kaji et al., Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.119, issue.3, pp.497-503, 2008.

R. Dewaraja and Y. Sasaki, A left to right hemisphere callosal transfer deficit of nonlinguistic information in alexithymia, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.54, issue.4, pp.201-207, 1990.

Y. Doi, N. Atsuta, G. Sobue, M. Morita, and I. Nakano, Prevalence and incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan, Journal of Epidemiology, vol.24, issue.6, pp.494-499, 2014.

R. Douville, J. Liu, J. Rothstein, and A. Nath, Identification of active loci of a human endogenous retrovirus in neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Annals of Neurology, vol.69, issue.1, pp.141-151, 2011.

X. Duan, Q. Dai, Q. Gong, and H. Chen, Neural mechanism of unconscious perception of surprised facial expression, NeuroImage, vol.52, issue.1, pp.401-407, 2010.

,

M. Elamin, P. Bede, S. Byrne, N. Jordan, L. Gallagher et al., Cognitive changes predict functional decline in ALS: a population-based longitudinal study, Neurology, vol.80, issue.17, pp.1590-1597, 2013.

,

M. Elamin, P. Bede, A. Montuschi, N. Pender, A. Chio et al., , 2015.

, Predicting prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a simple algorithm, Journal of Neurology, vol.262, issue.6, pp.1447-1454

R. J. Fallat, B. Jewitt, M. Bass, B. Kamm, and F. H. Norris, Spirometry in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Archives of Neurology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.74-80, 1979.

,

F. Fang, R. Bellocco, M. A. Hernán, and W. Ye, Smoking, snuff dipping and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--a prospective cohort study, Neuroepidemiology, vol.27, issue.4, pp.217-221, 2006.

O. Feldmanhall, T. Dalgleish, and D. Mobbs, Alexithymia decreases altruism in real social decisions, Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, vol.49, issue.3, pp.899-904, 2013.

L. Ferraiuolo, J. Kirby, A. J. Grierson, M. Sendtner, and P. J. Shaw, Molecular pathways of motor neuron injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Nature Reviews, 2011.

, Neurology, vol.7, issue.11, pp.616-630

N. Filippini, G. Douaud, C. E. Mackay, S. Knight, K. Talbot et al., , 2010.

, Corpus callosum involvement is a consistent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

, Neurology, vol.75, issue.18, pp.1645-1652

M. K. Floeter, B. J. Traynor, J. Farren, L. E. Braun, M. Tierney et al., Disease progression in C9orf72 mutation carriers, Neurology, vol.89, issue.3, pp.234-241, 2017.

,

B. A. Fonseka, N. Jaworska, A. Courtright, F. P. Macmaster, and G. M. Macqueen, , 2016.

, Cortical thickness and emotion processing in young adults with mild to moderate depression: a preliminary study, BMC Psychiatry, vol.16

D. M. Freedman, J. Wu, S. E. Daugherty, R. W. Kuncl, L. R. Enewold et al., The risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after cancer in U.S. elderly adults: a population-based prospective study, International Journal of Cancer, vol.135, issue.7, pp.1745-1750, 2014.

R. Gallassi, P. Montagna, A. Morreale, S. Lorusso, P. Tinuper et al., Neuropsychological, electroencephalogram and brain computed tomography findings in motor neuron disease, European Neurology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.115-120, 1989.

V. Gallo, N. Vanacore, H. B. Bueno-de-mesquita, R. Vermeulen, C. Brayne et al., Physical activity and risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a prospective cohort study, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.255-266, 2016.

,

E. M. Garzillo, M. Lamberti, G. Genovese, P. Pedata, D. Feola et al., Blood lead, manganese, and aluminum levels in a regional Italian cohort of ALS patients: does aluminum have an influence?, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.56, issue.10, pp.1062-1066, 2014.

,

M. S. Gazzaniga, Organization of the human brain, Science, issue.4921, pp.947-952, 1989.

M. S. Gazzaniga and J. Ledoux, The Integrative Mind, 1978.

K. Gbyl, E. Rostrup, J. M. Raghava, J. F. Carlsen, L. S. Schmidt et al., Cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a longitudinal MRI study, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.140, issue.3, pp.205-216, 2019.

N. Geevasinga, J. Howells, P. Menon, M. Van-den-bos, K. Shibuya et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnostic index: Toward a personalized diagnosis of ALS, Neurology, vol.92, issue.6, pp.536-547, 2019.

,

S. M. Gillingham, Y. Yunusova, A. Ganda, E. Rogaeva, S. E. Black et al., Assessing cognitive functioning in ALS: A focus on frontal lobe processes, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.182-192, 2017.

R. Golby, B. Poirier, M. Fabros, J. J. Cragg, M. Yousefi et al., Five-Year Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in British Columbia, 2010.

, The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, issue.6, pp.791-795

R. Govaarts, E. Beeldman, M. J. Kampelmacher, M. Van-tol, . Van-den et al., The frontotemporal syndrome of ALS is associated with poor survival, Journal of Neurology, vol.263, issue.12, pp.2476-2483, 2016.

,

H. J. Grabe, K. Wittfeld, K. Hegenscheid, N. Hosten, M. Lotze et al., Alexithymia and brain gray matter volumes in a general population sample, Human Brain Mapping, vol.35, issue.12, pp.5932-5945, 2014.

,

J. Grosskreutz, J. Kaufmann, J. Frädrich, R. Dengler, H. Heinze et al., Widespread sensorimotor and frontal cortical atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, BMC Neurology, vol.6, 2006.

H. Gündel, A. López-sala, A. O. Ceballos-baumann, J. Deus, N. Cardoner et al., Alexithymia correlates with the size of the right anterior cingulate, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.66, issue.1, pp.132-140, 2004.

,

B. Hamidou, P. Couratier, C. Besançon, M. Nicol, P. M. Preux et al., , 2014.

, Epidemiological evidence that physical activity is not a risk factor for ALS, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.29, issue.7, pp.459-475

A. Heinzel, M. Minnerop, R. Schäfer, H. Müller, M. Franz et al., , 2012.

, Alexithymia in healthy young men: a voxel-based morphometric study, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.136, issue.3, pp.1252-1256

I. Hervias, M. F. Beal, and G. Manfredi, Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Muscle & Nerve, vol.33, issue.5, pp.598-608, 2006.

K. Honkalampi, J. Hintikka, P. Saarinen, J. Lehtonen, and H. Viinamäki, Is alexithymia a permanent feature in depressed patients? Results from a 6-month follow-up study, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.69, issue.6, pp.303-308, 2000.

,

K. Honkalampi, J. Hintikka, A. Tanskanen, J. Lehtonen, and H. Viinamäki, , 2000.

, Depression is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.48, issue.1, pp.83-88

K. Honkalampi, H. Koivumaa-honkanen, S. M. Lehto, J. Hintikka, K. Haatainen et al., Is alexithymia a risk factor for major depression, personality disorder, or alcohol use disorders? A prospective populationbased study, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.68, issue.3, pp.269-273, 2010.

,

K. D. Hoppe and J. E. Bogen, Alexithymia in twelve commissurotomized patients, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.28, issue.1-4, pp.148-155, 1977.

,

K. Ihme, U. Dannlowski, V. Lichev, A. Stuhrmann, D. Grotegerd et al., Alexithymia is related to differences in gray matter volume: a voxel-based morphometry study, Brain Research, vol.1491, pp.60-67, 2013.

,

M. Ikawa, H. Okazawa, T. Tsujikawa, A. Matsunaga, O. Yamamura et al., Increased oxidative stress is related to disease severity in the ALS motor cortex: A PET study, Neurology, vol.84, issue.20, pp.2033-2039, 2015.

,

B. Jakobsson-larsson, K. Nordin, and I. Nygren, Coping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; from diagnosis and during disease progression, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.361, pp.235-242, 2016.

R. Joseph, The limbic system: emotion, laterality, and unconscious mind, Psychoanalytic Review, vol.79, issue.3, pp.405-456, 1992.

J. P. Julien and J. M. Beaulieu, Cytoskeletal abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: beneficial or detrimental effects, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.180, issue.1-2, pp.422-428, 2000.

M. Kano and S. Fukudo, The alexithymic brain: the neural pathways linking alexithymia to physical disorders, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, vol.7, issue.1, 2013.

E. Kasper, C. Schuster, J. Machts, D. Bittner, S. Vielhaber et al., Dysexecutive functioning in ALS patients and its clinical implications, 2015.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.16, issue.3-4, pp.160-171

,

M. Kilani, J. Micallef, C. Soubrouillard, D. Rey-lardiller, C. Dematteï et al., A longitudinal study of the evolution of cognitive function and affective state in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.5, issue.1, pp.46-54, 2004.

,

M. Kojima, Alexithymia as a prognostic risk factor for health problems: a brief review of epidemiological studies, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, vol.6, issue.1, 2012.

H. Krystal, On some roots of creativity, The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, vol.11, issue.3, pp.475-491, 1988.

H. Kugel, M. Eichmann, U. Dannlowski, P. Ohrmann, J. Bauer et al., Alexithymic features and automatic amygdala reactivity to facial emotion, 2008.

, Neuroscience Letters, vol.435, issue.1, pp.40-44

J. Y. Kwan, A. Meoded, L. E. Danielian, T. Wu, and M. K. Floeter, Structural imaging differences and longitudinal changes in primary lateral sclerosis and 184 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, NeuroImage. Clinical, vol.2, pp.151-160, 2012.

,

L. K. Kwong, M. Neumann, D. M. Sampathu, V. M. Lee, .. Trojanowski et al., , 2007.

, TDP-43 proteinopathy: the neuropathology underlying major forms of sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration and motor neuron disease, Acta Neuropathologica, vol.114, issue.1, pp.63-70

R. D. Lane, G. L. Ahern, G. E. Schwartz, and A. W. Kaszniak, Is alexithymia the emotional equivalent of blindsight?, Biological Psychiatry, vol.42, issue.9, pp.834-844, 1997.

, , pp.50-54

R. D. Lane, E. M. Reiman, B. Axelrod, L. S. Yun, A. Holmes et al., , 1998.

, Neural correlates of levels of emotional awareness. Evidence of an interaction between emotion and attention in the anterior cingulate cortex, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.10, issue.4, pp.525-535

R. D. Lane, G. L. Ahern, G. E. Schwartz, and A. W. Kaszniak, Is Alexithymia the Emotional Equivalent of Blindsight?, Biological Psychiatry, vol.42, issue.9, pp.834-844, 1997.

, , pp.50-54

J. K. Larsen, N. Brand, B. Bermond, and R. Hijman, Cognitive and emotional characteristics of alexithymia: a review of neurobiological studies, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.54, issue.6, p.466, 2003.

J. Ledoux, Emotional networks and motor control: a fearful view, Progress in Brain Research, vol.107, pp.61880-61884, 1996.

P. Lillo, E. Mioshi, J. R. Burrell, M. C. Kiernan, J. R. Hodges et al., , 2012.

, Grey and white matter changes across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia continuum, PloS One, vol.7, issue.8

P. L. Lockwood, Y. Ang, M. Husain, and M. J. Crockett, Individual differences in empathy are associated with apathy-motivation, Scientific Reports, vol.7, issue.1, p.17293, 2017.

G. Logroscino and M. Piccininni, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Descriptive Epidemiology: The Origin of Geographic Difference, Neuroepidemiology, vol.52, issue.1-2, pp.93-103, 2019.

G. Logroscino and M. Piccininni, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Descriptive Epidemiology: The Origin of Geographic Difference, Neuroepidemiology, vol.52, issue.1-2, pp.93-103, 2019.

C. Lomen-hoerth, J. Murphy, S. Langmore, J. H. Kramer, R. K. Olney et al., Are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients cognitively normal?, vol.60, pp.1094-1097, 2003.

A. C. Ludolph and S. Jesse, Evidence-based drug treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and upcoming clinical trials, Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, vol.2, issue.5, pp.319-326, 2009.

A. Ludolph, V. Drory, O. Hardiman, I. Nakano, J. Ravits et al., Research Group On ALS/MND, 2015.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.16, issue.5-6, pp.291-292

,

D. E. Lulé, H. E. Aho-Özhan, C. Vázquez, U. Weiland, J. H. Weishaupt et al., Story of the ALS-FTD continuum retold: rather two distinct entities, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 2018.

,

D. Lulé, A. Kurt, R. Jürgens, J. Kassubek, V. Diekmann et al., Emotional responding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.252, issue.12, pp.1517-1524, 2005.

M. A. Lumley, L. Stettner, and F. Wehmer, How are alexithymia and physical illness linked? A review and critique of pathways, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.41, issue.6, pp.505-518, 1996.

J. Luna, G. Logroscino, P. Couratier, and B. Marin, Current issues in ALS epidemiology: Variation of ALS occurrence between populations and physical activity as a risk factor, Revue Neurologique, vol.173, issue.5, pp.244-253, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01556879

,

L. Lyras, P. J. Evans, P. J. Shaw, P. G. Ince, and B. Halliwell, Oxidative damage and motor neurone disease difficulties in the measurement of protein carbonyls in human brain tissue, Free Radical Research, vol.24, issue.5, pp.397-406, 1996.

,

Z. R. Manjaly, K. M. Scott, K. Abhinav, L. Wijesekera, J. Ganesalingam et al., Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of, Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.11, issue.5, pp.439-442, 2010.

,

C. Marchesi, E. Brusamonti, and C. Maggini, Are alexithymia, depression, and anxiety distinct constructs in affective disorders, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.49, issue.1, pp.43-49, 2000.

B. Marin, G. Logroscino, F. Boumédiene, A. Labrunie, P. Couratier et al., Clinical and demographic factors and outcome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in relation to population ancestral origin, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.31, issue.3, pp.229-245, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217277

R. C. Mcintosh, G. Ironson, M. Antoni, M. Kumar, M. A. Fletcher et al., Alexithymia is linked to neurocognitive, psychological, neuroendocrine, and immune dysfunction in persons living with HIV, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol.36, pp.165-175, 2014.

P. Mehta, W. Kaye, L. Bryan, T. Larson, T. Copeland et al., , 2016.

, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries, vol.65, issue.8, pp.1-12, 2002.

R. A. Menke, E. Gray, C. Lu, J. Kuhle, K. Talbot et al., CSF neurofilament light chain reflects corticospinal tract degeneration in ALS, Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, vol.2, issue.7, pp.748-755, 2015.

,

R. A. Menke, S. Körner, N. Filippini, G. Douaud, S. Knight et al., Widespread grey matter pathology dominates the longitudinal cerebral MRI and clinical landscape of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol.137, pp.2546-2555, 2014.

R. A. Menke, M. Proudfoot, K. Talbot, and M. R. Turner, The two-year progression of structural and functional cerebral MRI in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2018.

, NeuroImage. Clinical, vol.17, pp.953-961

D. M. Mezzapesa, A. Ceccarelli, F. Dicuonzo, A. Carella, M. F. De-caro et al., Whole-brain and regional brain atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, vol.28, issue.2, pp.255-259, 2007.

D. Mezzapesa, . Maria, E. Errico, R. Tortelli, E. Distaso et al., Cortical thinning and clinical heterogeneity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PloS One, vol.8, issue.11, 2013.

E. Mioshi, P. Lillo, B. Yew, S. Hsieh, S. Savage et al., , 2013.

, Cortical atrophy in ALS is critically associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes, Neurology, vol.80, issue.12, pp.1117-1123

,

H. Mitsumoto, R. M. Santella, X. Liu, M. Bogdanov, J. Zipprich et al., Oxidative stress biomarkers in sporadic ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.9, issue.3, pp.177-183, 2008.

,

A. Montuschi, B. Iazzolino, A. Calvo, C. Moglia, L. Lopiano et al., Cognitive correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study in Italy, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.2, pp.168-173, 2015.

,

J. Murphy, P. Factor-litvak, R. Goetz, C. Lomen-hoerth, P. L. Nagy et al., Cognitive-behavioral screening reveals prevalent impairment in a large multicenter ALS cohort, Neurology, vol.86, issue.9, pp.813-820, 2016.

,

O. Nakken, J. C. Lindstrøm, O. Tysnes, and T. Holmøy, Mortality trends of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway 1951-2014: an age-period-cohort study, Journal of Neurology, vol.263, issue.12, pp.2378-2385, 2016.

J. C. Nemiah and P. E. Sifneos, Psychosomatic illness: a problem in communication, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.18, issue.1, pp.154-160, 1970.

,

Y. Nishihira, C. Tan, O. Onodera, Y. Toyoshima, M. Yamada et al., Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: two pathological patterns shown by analysis of distribution of TDP-43-immunoreactive neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions, Acta Neuropathologica, vol.116, issue.2, pp.169-182, 2008.

,

N. Nowicka, J. Juranek, J. K. Juranek, and J. Wojtkiewicz, Risk Factors and Emerging Therapies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, issue.11, p.20, 2019.

P. Oeckl, C. Jardel, F. Salachas, F. Lamari, P. M. Andersen et al., Multicenter validation of CSF neurofilaments as diagnostic biomarkers for ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.17, issue.5-6, pp.404-413, 2016.

S. Paradiso, J. G. Vaidya, L. M. Mccormick, A. Jones, and R. G. Robinson, Aging and alexithymia: association with reduced right rostral cingulate volume, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.16, issue.9, pp.760-769, 2008.

,

P. Pasinelli and R. H. Brown, Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics, Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, vol.7, issue.9, pp.710-723, 2006.

,

P. Gil, F. Ridout, N. Kessler, H. Neuffer, M. Schoechlin et al., Facial emotion recognition and alexithymia in adults with somatoform disorders, Depression and Anxiety, vol.26, issue.1, pp.26-33, 2009.

C. Pehrs, J. Zaki, L. H. Schlochtermeier, A. M. Jacobs, L. Kuchinke et al., The Temporal Pole Top-Down Modulates the Ventral Visual Stream During Social Cognition, Cerebral Cortex, vol.27, issue.1, pp.777-792, 1991.

,

J. Phukan, M. Elamin, P. Bede, N. Jordan, L. Gallagher et al., The syndrome of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.83, issue.1, pp.102-108, 2012.

F. E. Pisa, G. Logroscino, P. Giacomelli-battiston, and F. Barbone, Hospitalizations due to respiratory failure in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and their impact on survival: a population-based cohort study, BMC Pulmonary Medicine, vol.16, issue.1, p.136, 2016.

B. Poletti, F. Solca, L. Carelli, A. Faini, F. Madotto et al., , 2018.

, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, Cognitive-behavioral longitudinal assessment in ALS: the Italian Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS screen (ECAS), vol.19, pp.387-395

,

M. Poloni, C. Mascherpa, L. Faggi, F. Rognone, and L. Gozzoli, Cerebral atrophy in motor neuron disease evaluated by computed tomography, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.45, issue.12, pp.1102-1105, 1982.

,

T. Prell, O. W. Witte, A. Gunkel, and J. Grosskreutz, Cognitive deficits have only limited influence on health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 2019.

, Aging & Mental Health, pp.1-5

G. D. Rabinovici and B. L. Miller, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, CNS Drugs, vol.24, issue.5, pp.375-398, 2010.

,

J. G. Rabkin, G. J. Wagner, and M. Bene, Resilience and distress among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and caregivers, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol.62, issue.2, pp.271-279, 2000.

J. Rabkin, R. Goetz, J. M. Murphy, P. Factor-litvak, H. Mitsumoto et al., Cognitive impairment, behavioral impairment, depression, and wish to die in an ALS cohort, Neurology, vol.87, issue.13, pp.1320-1328, 2016.

,

V. Rajagopalan and E. P. Pioro, Distinct patterns of cortical atrophy in ALS patients with or without dementia: an MRI VBM study, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.15, issue.3-4, pp.216-225, 2014.

,

K. Rascovsky, J. R. Hodges, D. Knopman, M. F. Mendez, J. H. Kramer et al., Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol.134, pp.2456-2477, 2011.

A. G. Reaume, J. L. Elliott, E. K. Hoffman, N. W. Kowall, R. J. Ferrante et al., Motor neurons in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-deficient mice develop normally but exhibit enhanced cell death after axonal injury, Nature Genetics, vol.13, issue.1, pp.43-47, 1996.

K. M. Robinson, S. C. Lacey, P. Grugan, G. Glosser, M. Grossman et al., Cognitive functioning in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a six month longitudinal study, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.77, issue.5, pp.668-670, 2006.

E. T. Rolls, Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying face processing within and beyond the temporal cortical visual areas, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol.335, pp.20-21, 1273.

,

J. Rooney, S. Byrne, M. Heverin, K. Tobin, A. Dick et al., A multidisciplinary clinic approach improves survival in ALS: a comparative study of ALS in Ireland and Northern Ireland, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.5, pp.496-501, 2015.

D. R. Rosen, T. Siddique, D. Patterson, D. A. Figlewicz, P. Sapp et al., Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Nature, vol.362, issue.6415, pp.59-62, 1993.

,

J. D. Rothstein, L. J. Martin, and R. W. Kuncl, Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, The New England Journal of Medicine, vol.326, issue.22, pp.1464-1468, 1992.

G. A. Rouleau, A. W. Clark, K. Rooke, A. Pramatarova, A. Krizus et al., SOD1 mutation is associated with accumulation of neurofilaments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Annals of Neurology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.128-131, 1996.

S. Roy-bellina, H. Brunel, C. Almohsen, M. .. Gely-nargeot, S. Carton et al., Alexithymia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A neuropsychological approach, Journal of Neurology, vol.255, issue.2, p.51, 2008.

J. K. Salminen, S. Saarijärvi, E. Aärelä, T. Toikka, and J. Kauhanen, Prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociodemographic variables in the general population of Finland, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.46, issue.1, pp.75-82, 1999.

, , pp.53-54

G. D. Santorelli and R. E. Ready, Alexithymia and Executive Function in Younger and Older Adults, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol.29, issue.7, pp.938-955, 2015.

,

S. A. Sargsyan, P. N. Monk, and P. J. Shaw, Microglia as potential contributors to motor neuron injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Glia, vol.51, issue.4, pp.241-253, 2005.

,

N. Scarmeas, T. Shih, Y. Stern, R. Ottman, and L. P. Rowland, Premorbid weight, body mass, and varsity athletics in ALS, Neurology, vol.59, issue.5, pp.773-775, 2002.

,

K. Schnell, S. Bluschke, B. Konradt, and H. Walter, Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: an fMRI study on the neural basis of cognitive empathy, 2011.

, NeuroImage, vol.54, issue.2, pp.1743-1754

S. Schubert, C. E. Leyton, J. R. Hodges, and O. Piguet, Longitudinal Memory Profiles in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD, vol.51, issue.3, pp.775-782, 2016.

C. Schuster, E. Kasper, M. Dyrba, J. Machts, D. Bittner et al., Cortical thinning and its relation to cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.35, issue.1, pp.240-246, 2014.

,

C. Schuster, E. Kasper, J. Machts, D. Bittner, J. Kaufmann et al., Longitudinal course of cortical thickness decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Journal of Neurology, vol.261, issue.10, pp.1871-1880, 2014.

C. Scialò, G. Novi, M. Bandettini-di-poggio, A. Canosa, M. P. Sormani et al., Clinical epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Liguria, Italy: An update of LIGALS register, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.17, issue.7-8, pp.535-542, 2016.

,

J. Senda, S. Kato, T. Kaga, M. Ito, N. Atsuta et al., Progressive and widespread brain damage in ALS: MRI voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study, Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.12, issue.1, pp.59-69, 2011.

R. Sharma, S. Hicks, C. M. Berna, C. Kennard, K. Talbot et al., , 2011.

, Oculomotor dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comprehensive review, Archives of Neurology, vol.68, issue.7, pp.857-861

M. Siciliano, L. Trojano, F. Trojsi, M. R. Monsurrò, G. Tedeschi et al., Assessing anxiety and its correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The statetrait anxiety inventory, Muscle & Nerve, vol.60, issue.1, pp.47-55, 2019.

,

P. E. Sifneos, The prevalence of « alexithymic » characteristics in psychosomatic patients, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.22, issue.2, pp.255-262, 1973.

,

R. Smith and R. D. Lane, The neural basis of one's own conscious and unconscious emotional states, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.57, pp.1-29, 2015.

,

L. L. Smits, A. C. Van-harten, Y. A. Pijnenburg, E. L. Koedam, F. H. Bouwman et al., Trajectories of cognitive decline in different types of dementia, Psychological Medicine, vol.45, issue.5, pp.1051-1059, 2015.

,

O. Spreux-varoquaux, G. Bensimon, L. Lacomblez, F. Salachas, P. F. Pradat et al., Glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a reappraisal using a new HPLC method with coulometric detection in a large cohort of patients, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.193, issue.2, pp.73-78, 2002.

,

T. Stojkovic, E. Stefanova, T. Pekmezovic, S. Peric, and Z. Stevic, Executive dysfunction and survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Preliminary report from a Serbian centre for motor neuron disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.17, issue.7-8, pp.543-547, 2016.

,

M. J. Strong, S. Abrahams, L. H. Goldstein, S. Woolley, P. Mclaughlin et al., Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD): Revised diagnostic criteria, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.18, issue.3-4, pp.153-174, 2017.

,

M. J. Strong, G. M. Grace, M. Freedman, C. Lomen-hoerth, S. Woolley et al., Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal cognitive and behavioural syndromes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.10, issue.3, pp.131-146, 2009.

V. E. Sturm and R. W. Levenson, Alexithymia in neurodegenerative disease, Neurocase, vol.17, issue.3, pp.242-250, 2011.

D. T. Stuss, C. A. Gow, and C. R. Hetherington, « No longer Gage »: frontal lobe dysfunction and emotional changes, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol.60, issue.3, pp.349-359, 1992.

F. Su, S. A. Goutman, S. Chernyak, B. Mukherjee, B. C. Callaghan et al., Association of Environmental Toxins With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, JAMA Neurology, vol.73, issue.7, pp.803-811, 2016.

,

J. S. Suh, L. Minuzzi, L. E. Cudney, W. Maich, M. Eltayebani et al., Cerebral cortical thickness after treatment with desvenlafaxine succinate in major depressive disorder, Neuroreport, vol.30, issue.5, pp.378-382, 2019.

,

N. A. Sutedja, K. Fischer, J. H. Veldink, G. J. Van-der-heijden, H. Kromhout et al., What we truly know about occupation as a risk factor for ALS: a critical and systematic review, Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, vol.10, issue.5-6, pp.295-301, 2009.

E. O. Talbott, A. M. Malek, and D. Lacomis, The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol.138, pp.225-238, 2016.

,

G. J. Taylor, D. Ryan, and R. M. Bagby, Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.44, issue.4, pp.191-199, 1985.

,

J. P. Taylor, R. H. Brown, and D. W. Cleveland, Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism, Nature, vol.539, issue.7628, pp.197-206, 2016.

J. Thorns, H. Jansma, T. Peschel, J. Grosskreutz, B. Mohammadi et al., Extent of cortical involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--an analysis based on cortical thickness, BMC Neurology, vol.13, p.148, 2013.

B. J. Traynor, M. B. Codd, B. Corr, C. Forde, E. Frost et al., Incidence and prevalence of ALS in Ireland, 1995-1997: a population-based study, Neurology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.504-509, 1999.

F. Trojsi, F. Di-nardo, G. Santangelo, M. Siciliano, C. Femiano et al., Resting state fMRI correlates of Theory of Mind impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, vol.97, pp.1-16, 2017.

F. Trojsi, M. Siciliano, A. Russo, C. Passaniti, C. Femiano et al., Theory of Mind and Its Neuropsychological and Quality of Life Correlates in the Early Stages of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontiers in Psychology, vol.7, 1934.

A. Valdespino, L. Antezana, M. Ghane, and J. A. Richey, Alexithymia as a Transdiagnostic Precursor to Empathy Abnormalities: The Functional Role of the Insula, Frontiers in Psychology, vol.8, 2017.

E. Van-der-hulst, T. H. Bak, and S. Abrahams, Impaired affective and cognitive theory of mind and behavioural change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.11, pp.1208-1215, 2015.

,

E. Verstraete, J. H. Veldink, J. Hendrikse, H. J. Schelhaas, M. P. Van-den-heuvel et al., Structural MRI reveals cortical thinning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.83, issue.4, pp.383-388, 2012.

,

M. Vinceti, F. Violi, M. Tzatzarakis, J. Mandrioli, C. Malagoli et al., Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a casecontrol study, Environmental Research, vol.155, pp.261-267, 2017.

,

R. Walhout, H. Westeneng, E. Verstraete, J. Hendrikse, J. H. Veldink et al., Cortical thickness in ALS: towards a marker for upper motor neuron involvement, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.86, issue.3, pp.288-294, 2015.

M. Wang, J. Little, J. Gomes, N. R. Cashman, and D. Krewski, Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis, Neurotoxicology, vol.61, pp.101-130, 2017.

,

Q. Wei, X. Chen, B. Cao, R. Ou, B. Zhao et al., Associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol.17, issue.5-6, pp.358-365, 2016.

Q. Wei, Z. Zheng, X. Guo, R. Ou, X. Chen et al., Association between depression and survival in Chinese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.37, issue.4, pp.557-563, 2016.

,

J. L. Whitwell, Voxel-based morphometry: an automated technique for assessing structural changes in the brain, The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.31, pp.9661-9664, 2009.

,

L. C. Wijesekera, S. Mathers, P. Talman, C. Galtrey, M. H. Parkinson et al., Natural history and clinical features of the flail arm and flail leg ALS variants, Neurology, vol.72, issue.12, pp.1087-1094, 2009.

,

J. Wolf, A. Safer, J. C. Wöhrle, F. Palm, W. A. Nix et al., , 2017.

A. Palatinate and . Registry,

, Der Nervenarzt, vol.88, issue.8, pp.911-918

,

I. C. Wright, P. K. Mcguire, J. B. Poline, J. M. Travere, R. M. Murray et al., A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of gray and white matter density applied to schizophrenia, NeuroImage, vol.2, issue.4, pp.244-252, 1995.

,

H. Zhou, G. Chen, C. Chen, Y. Yu, and Z. Xu, Association between extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic fields occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis, PloS One, vol.7, issue.11, 2012.

E. K. Zimmerman, P. J. Eslinger, Z. Simmons, and A. M. Barrett, Emotional perception deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.79-82, 2007.

Z. Zou, Z. Zhou, C. Che, C. Liu, R. He et al., Genetic epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, vol.88, issue.7, pp.540-549, 2017.

,