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, Ce travail de thèse a porté sur l'élaboration et la caractérisation des matériaux composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma/métal pour lesquels peu d'études ont été réalisées sur leur structure chimique et morphologique. Notre objectif a donc été d'étudier la dépendance des propriétés chimiques et morphologiques de tels matériaux composites vis-à-vis de la structure chimique du (co)polymère plasma et de la nature des nanoparticules métalliques. La matrice est aussi bien un polymère

, L'objectif a alors été de mieux comprendre la formation de ces nanocomposites et de montrer leur intérêt dans différentes applications et notamment dans la détection d'ammoniac

. Dans-un-premier-temps, AAl) sont choisis pour l'optimisation des différents paramètres chimiques et plasma due à la forte résonance plasmonique de surface des nanoparticules d'argent, facilitant ainsi leur caractérisation par spectrométrie UV-Vis. Les paramètres chimiques optimisés sont la technique de préparation des matériaux composites (en une ou deux étapes), le temps d'imprégnation ainsi que celui de réduction. Il a été montré qu'en mélangeant la solution métallique et d'agent réducteur en présence du polymère (en une étape), les nanoparticules d'argent ont tendance à se former dans la solution plutôt que dans le polymère où elles forment des agrégats métalliques. Un lavage entre l'étape d'imprégnation et de réduction est donc nécessaire en adoptant un temps d'imprégnation optimal de trois heures et de réduction d'une heure

, Lorsque la surface de la matrice polymère est rugueuse (temps de polymérisation élevé) ou que la structure du monomère initial est préservée (faible puissance et temps de décharge), une quantité plus importante de métal est insérée dans le polymère. La nature du métal a également une forte influence sur sa quantité incorporée et sa distribution dans la matrice