F. Assaf and Y. Schiller, The antiepileptic and ictogenic effects of optogenetic neurostimulation of PVexpressing interneurons, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.116, issue.4, pp.1694-704, 2016.

G. Astorga, J. Bao, M. A. Augustine, G. J. Franconville, R. Jalil et al., An excitatory GABA loop operating in vivo, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.275, 2015.

G. Barmashenko, S. Hefft, A. Aertsen, T. Kirschstein, and R. Köhling, Positive shifts of the GABAA receptor reversal potential due to altered chloride homeostasis is widespread after status epilepticus, Epilepsia, vol.52, issue.9, pp.1570-1578, 2011.

M. Bazelot, C. Dinocourt, I. Cohen, and R. Miles, Unitary inhibitory field potentials in the CA3 region of rat hippocampus, J Physiol, vol.588, pp.2077-90, 2010.

Y. Ben-ari, NKCC1 Chloride Importer Antagonists Attenuate Many Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.40, issue.9, pp.536-54, 2017.

A. Beyeler, A. Retailleau, C. Molter, A. Mehidi, J. Szabadics et al., Recruitment of Perisomatic Inhibition during Spontaneous Hippocampal Activity, PLoSOne, vol.8, issue.6, p.66509, 2013.

P. Blaesse, M. S. Airaksinen, C. Rivera, and K. Kaila, Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function, Neuron, vol.61, issue.6, pp.820-858, 2009.

V. Bouilleret, V. Ridoux, A. Depaulis, C. Marescaux, A. Nehlig et al., Recurrent seizures and hippocampal sclerosis following intrahippocampal kainate injection in adult mice: electroencephalography, histopathology and synaptic reorganization similar to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, Neuroscience, vol.89, issue.3, pp.717-746, 1999.

D. E. Bragin, J. L. Sanderson, S. Peterson, J. A. Connor, and W. S. Müller, Development of epileptiform excitability in the deep entorhinal cortex after status epilepticus, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.4, pp.611-635, 2009.

C. Brandt, M. Nozadze, N. Heuchert, M. Rattka, and W. Löscher, Disease-Modifying Effects of Phenobarbital and the NKCC1 Inhibitor Bumetanide in the Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.25, pp.8602-8614, 2010.

E. H. Buhl, Z. S. Han, Z. Lorinczi, V. V. Stezhka, S. V. Karnup et al., Physiological properties of anatomically identified axo-axonic cells in the rat hippocampus, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1289-307, 1994.

G. Cellot and E. Cherubini, GABAergic Signaling as Therapeutic Target for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Frontiers in Pediatrics, vol.2, issue.70, 2014.

M. Chang, J. A. Dian, S. Dufour, L. Wang, M. Chameh et al., Brief activation of GABAergic interneurons initiates the transition to ictal events through post-inhibitory rebound excitation, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.109, pp.102-118, 2018.

J. Chavas, M. E. Forero, T. Collin, I. Llano, and A. Marty, Osmotic tension as a possible link between GABA(A) receptor activation and intracellular calcium elevation, Neuron, vol.44, issue.4, pp.701-714, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00790789

J. Chavas and A. Marty, Coexistence of Excitatory and Inhibitory GABA Synapses in the Cerebellar Interneuron Network, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.23, issue.6, pp.2019-2050, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00790787

L. Chen, L. Wan, Z. Wu, W. Ren, Y. Huang et al., KCC2 downregulation facilitates epileptic seizures, Scientific Reports, vol.7, issue.1, p.156, 2017.

S. R. Cobb, E. H. Buhl, K. Halasy, O. Paulsen, and P. Somogyi, Synchronization of neuronal activity in hippocampus by individual GABAergic interneurons, Nature, vol.378, issue.6552, pp.75-83, 1995.

I. Cohen, V. Navarro, S. Clemenceau, M. Baulac, and R. Miles, On the Origin of Interictal Activity in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Vitro, Science, vol.298, issue.5597, pp.1418-1439, 2002.

G. Deidda, M. Parrini, S. Naskar, I. F. Bozarth, A. Contestabile et al., Reversing excitatory GABAAR signaling restores synaptic plasticity and memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome, Nature Medecine, vol.21, issue.4, pp.318-344, 2015.

D. Cristo, G. Awad, P. N. Hamidi, S. Avoli, and M. , KCC2, epileptiform synchronization, and epileptic disorders, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.162, pp.1-16, 2018.

M. D. Donovan, H. Schellekens, G. B. Boylan, J. F. Cryan, and B. T. Griffin, In vitro bidirectional permeability studies identify pharmacokinetic limitations of NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide, European Journal of Pharmacology, vol.770, pp.117-142, 2016.

N. Doyon, L. Vinay, P. Steven, A. , D. Koninck et al., Chloride Regulation: A Dynamic Equilibrium Crucial for Synaptic Inhibition, Neuron, vol.89, issue.6, pp.1157-72, 2016.

V. Dzhala, G. Valeeva, J. Glykys, R. Khazipov, and K. Staley, Traumatic alterations in GABA signaling disrupt hippocampal network activity in the developing brain, JNeurosci, vol.32, issue.12, pp.4017-4048, 2012.

V. I. Dzhala, D. M. Talos, D. A. Sdrulla, A. C. Brumback, G. C. Mathews et al., NKCC1 transporter facilitates seizures in the developing brain, Nature Medicine, vol.11, p.1205, 2005.

T. J. Ellender, J. V. Raimondo, A. Irkle, K. P. Lamsa, and C. J. Akerman, Excitatory Effects of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Maintain Hippocampal Epileptiform Activity via Synchronous Afterdischarges, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.34, issue.46, pp.15208-15230, 2014.

J. A. French, P. D. Williamson, V. M. Thadani, T. M. Darcey, R. H. Mattson et al., Characteristics of medial temporal lobe epilepsy: I. Results of history and physical examination, Annals of Neurology, vol.34, issue.6, pp.774-80, 1993.

E. C. Fuchs, A. R. Zivkovic, M. O. Cunningham, S. Middleton, F. E. Lebeau et al., Recruitment of parvalbumin-positive interneurons determines hippocampal function and associated behavior, Neuron, vol.53, issue.4, pp.591-604, 2007.

Y. Fujiwara-tsukamoto, Y. Isomura, A. Nambu, and M. Takada, Excitatory GABA input directly drives seizurelike rhythmic synchronization in mature hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, Neuroscience, vol.119, issue.1, pp.265-75, 2003.

L. L. Glickfeld, J. D. Roberts, P. Somogyi, and M. Scanziani, Interneurons hyperpolarize pyramidal cells along their entire somatodendritic axis, Nature Neuroscience, vol.12, issue.1, pp.21-24, 2009.

J. Glykys, V. Dzhala, K. Egawa, T. Balena, Y. Saponjian et al., Local Impermeant Anions Establish the Neuronal Chloride Concentration, Science, vol.343, issue.6171, pp.670-675, 2014.

M. Goutierre, A. Awabdh, S. Donneger, F. François, E. Gomez-dominguez et al.,

, Regulates Neuronal Excitability and Hippocampal Activity via Interaction with Task-3 Channels, Cell reports, vol.28, issue.1, pp.91-103, 2019.

A. T. Gulledge and G. J. Stuart, Excitatory actions of GABA in the cortex, Neuron, vol.37, issue.2, pp.299-309, 2003.

L. Hazan, M. Zugaro, G. Buzsaki, and N. Klusters, NDManager: a free software suite for neurophysiological data processing and visualization, Journal of Neuroscience methods, vol.155, issue.2, pp.207-223, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599387

G. Huberfeld, L. Wittner, S. Clemenceau, M. Baulac, K. K. Miles et al., Perturbed Chloride Homeostasis and GABAergic Signaling in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.37, pp.9866-73, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00173026

K. T. Kahle and K. J. Staley, The bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 as a potential target of a novel mechanism-based treatment strategy for neonatal seizures, Neurosurgical Focus, vol.25, issue.3, p.22, 2008.

M. R. Karlócai, Z. Kohus, S. Káli, I. Ulbert, G. Szabó et al., Physiological sharp wave-ripples and interictal events in vitro: what's the difference?, Brain, vol.137, issue.2, pp.463-85, 2014.

I. Khalilov, M. Minlebaev, M. Mukhtarov, and R. Khazipov, Dynamic Changes from Depolarizing to Hyperpolarizing GABAergic Actions during Giant Depolarizing Potentials in the Neonatal Rat Hippocampus, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.35, issue.37, pp.12635-12677, 2015.

K. Kirmse, M. Kummer, Y. Kovalchuk, O. W. Witte, O. Garaschuk et al., GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo, Nature Communications, vol.6, p.7750, 2015.

N. Kourdougli, C. Pellegrino, J. M. Renko, S. Khirug, G. Chazal et al., Depolarizing ?aminobutyric acid contributes to glutamatergic network rewiring in epilepsy, Annals of Neurology, vol.81, issue.2, pp.251-65, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02349469

E. Krook-magnuson, C. Armstrong, M. Oijala, and I. Soltesz, On-demand optogenetic control of spontaneous seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy, Nature Communications, vol.4, p.1376, 2013.

D. Lopez-pigozzi, F. Laurent, J. R. Brotons-mas, M. Valderrama, M. Valero et al., Altered Oscillatory Dynamics of CA1 Parvalbumin Basket Cells during Theta-Gamma Rhythmopathies of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, eNeuro, vol.3, issue.6, pp.284-300, 2016.

W. Löscher, M. Puskarjov, and K. Kaila, Cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 as potential targets for novel antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic treatments, Neuropharmacology, vol.69, pp.62-74, 2013.

M. Lovett-barron, G. F. Turi, P. Kaifosh, P. H. Lee, F. Bolze et al., Regulation of neuronal input transformations by tunable dendritic inhibition, NatNeurosci, vol.15, issue.3, p.423, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00703702

T. Lu and L. O. Trussell, Mixed excitatory and inhibitory GABA-mediated transmission in chick cochlear nucleus, J Physiol, vol.535, pp.125-156, 2001.

G. Mackenzie, K. K. O'toole, S. J. Moss, and J. Maguire, Compromised GABAergic inhibition contributes to tumor-associated epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, vol.126, pp.185-96, 2016.

V. Magloire, J. Cornford, A. Lieb, D. M. Kullmann, and I. Pavlov, KCC2 overexpression prevents the paradoxical seizure-promoting action of somatic inhibition, Nature Communications, vol.10, issue.1, p.1225, 2019.

C. J. Magnus, P. H. Lee, D. Atasoy, H. H. Su, L. L. Looger et al., Chemical and genetic engineering of selective ion channel-ligand interactions, Science, vol.333, issue.6047, pp.1292-1298, 2011.

S. L. Marguet, V. Le-schulte, A. Merseburg, A. Neu, R. Eichler et al., Treatment during a vulnerable developmental period rescues a genetic epilepsy, Nature Medecine, vol.21, issue.12, pp.1436-1480, 2015.

L. Menendez-de-la-prida and A. J. Trevelyan, Cellular mechanisms of high frequency oscillations in epilepsy: On the diverse sources of pathological activities, Epilepsy Research, vol.97, issue.3, pp.308-325, 2011.

R. Miles, K. Toth, A. I. Gulyas, N. Hajos, and T. F. Freund, Differences between somatic and dendritic inhibition in the hippocampus, Neuron, vol.16, pp.815-838, 1996.

M. Minlebaev, G. Valeeva, V. Tcheremiskine, G. Coustillier, and R. Khazipov, Cell-attached recordings of responses evoked by photorelease of GABA in the immature cortical neurons, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol.7, issue.83, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01418590

Y. E. Moore, M. R. Kelley, N. J. Brandon, T. Z. Deeb, and S. J. Moss, Seizing Control of KCC2: A New Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.40, issue.9, pp.555-71, 2017.

R. Nardou, S. Yamamoto, G. Chazal, A. Bhar, N. Ferrand et al., Neuronal chloride accumulation and excitatory GABA underlie aggravation of neonatal epileptiform activities by phenobarbital, Brain, vol.134, issue.4, pp.987-1002, 2011.

J. Pallud, L. Van-quyen, M. Bielle, F. Pellegrino, C. Varlet et al., Cortical GABAergic excitation contributes to epileptic activities around human glioma, Science Translational Medicine, vol.6, issue.244, pp.244-89, 2014.

H. R. Pathak, F. Weissinger, M. Terunuma, G. C. Carlson, F. Hsu et al., Disrupted Dentate Granule Cell Chloride Regulation Enhances Synaptic Excitability during Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.51, pp.14012-14034, 2007.

M. Puskarjov, K. T. Kahle, E. Ruusuvuori, and K. Kaila, Pharmacotherapeutic targeting of cation-chloride cotransporters in neonatal seizures, Epilepsia, vol.55, issue.6, pp.806-824, 2014.

A. Racz, A. A. Ponomarenko, E. C. Fuchs, and H. Monyer, Augmented hippocampal ripple oscillations in mice with reduced fast excitation onto parvalbumin-positive cells, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.8, pp.2563-2571, 2009.

V. Riban, V. Bouilleret, B. T. Pham-lê, J. M. Fritschy, C. Marescaux et al., Evolution of hippocampal

R. Riekki, I. Pavlov, J. Tornberg, S. E. Lauri, M. S. Airaksinen et al., Altered Synaptic Dynamics and Hippocampal Excitability but Normal Long-Term Plasticity in Mice Lacking Hyperpolarizing GABAA Receptor-Mediated Inhibition in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.99, issue.6, pp.3075-89, 2008.

K. Römermann, M. Fedrowitz, P. Hampel, E. Kaczmarek, K. Töllner et al., Multiple blood-brain barrier transport mechanisms limit bumetanide accumulation, and therapeutic potential, in the mammalian brain, Neuropharmacology, vol.117, pp.182-94, 2017.

C. Rossant, S. N. Kadir, D. Goodman, J. Schulman, M. Hunter et al., Spike sorting for large, dense electrode arrays, Nat Neurosci, vol.19, issue.4, pp.634-675, 2016.

A. Sik, M. Penttonen, A. Ylinen, and G. Buzsaki, Hippocampal CA1 interneurons: an in vivo intracellular labeling study, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.10, pp.6651-65, 1995.

P. Somogyi and T. Klausberger, Defined types of cortical interneurone structure space and spike timing in the hippocampus, J Physiol, vol.562, pp.9-26, 2005.

K. J. Staley and I. Mody, Shunting of excitatory input to dentate gyrus granule cells by a depolarizing GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic conductance, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.68, pp.197-212, 1992.

S. M. Sternson and B. L. Roth, Chemogenetic Tools to Interrogate Brain Functions, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.37, issue.1, pp.387-407, 2014.

M. Töpfer, K. Töllner, C. Brandt, F. Twele, S. Bröer et al., Consequences of inhibition of bumetanide metabolism in rodents on brain penetration and effects of bumetanide in chronic models of epilepsy, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.39, issue.4, pp.673-87, 2014.

R. Tyzio, M. Minlebaev, S. Rheims, A. Ivanov, I. Jorquera et al., Postnatal changes in somatic gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling in the rat hippocampus, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.10, pp.2515-2543, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483514

R. Tyzio, R. Nardou, D. C. Ferrari, T. Tsintsadze, A. Shahrokhi et al., Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring, Science, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01721423

G. Valeeva, T. Tressard, M. Mukhtarov, A. Baude, and R. Khazipov, An Optogenetic Approach for Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Network GABA Actions in Mice Expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic Neurons, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.36, issue.22, pp.5961-73, 2016.

M. Valero, R. G. Averkin, I. Fernandez-lamo, J. Aguilar, D. Lopez-pigozzi et al., Mechanisms for Selective Single-Cell Reactivation during Offline Sharp-Wave Ripples and Their Distortion by Fast Ripples, e7. van der Pol AN, vol.94, pp.4283-92, 1996.

Y. Wang, C. Xu, Z. Xu, C. Ji, J. Liang et al., Depolarized GABAergic Signaling in Subicular Microcircuits Mediates Generalized Seizure in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Neuron, vol.95, issue.1, pp.92-105, 2017.

B. A. Acton, V. Mahadevan, A. Mercado, P. Uvarov, Y. Ding et al., Hyperpolarizing GABAergic transmission requires the KCC2 C-terminal ISO domain, J Neurosci, vol.32, issue.25, pp.8746-8751, 2012.

N. Akaike, Gramicidin perforated patch recording and intracellular chloride activity in excitable cells, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, vol.65, issue.3, pp.251-264, 1996.

M. Alkondon and E. X. Albuquerque, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and alpha4beta2 subtypes differentially control GABAergic input to CA1 neurons in rat hippocampus, J Neurophysiol, vol.86, issue.6, pp.3043-3055, 2001.

D. G. Amaral and M. P. Witter, The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data, Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.3, pp.571-591, 1989.

F. Assaf and Y. Schiller, The antiepileptic and ictogenic effects of optogenetic neurostimulation of PV-expressing interneurons, J Neurophysiol, vol.116, issue.4, pp.1694-1704, 2016.

G. F. Ayala, H. Matsumoto, and R. J. Gumnit, Excitability changes and inhibitory mechanisms in neocortical neurons during seizures, J Neurophysiol, vol.33, issue.1, pp.73-85, 1970.

G. Barmashenko, S. Hefft, A. Aertsen, T. Kirschstein, and R. Kohling, Positive shifts of the GABAA receptor reversal potential due to altered chloride homeostasis is widespread after status epilepticus, Epilepsia, vol.52, issue.9, pp.1570-1578, 2011.

L. Baroncelli, M. C. Cenni, R. Melani, G. Deidda, S. Landi et al., Early IGF-1 primes visual cortex maturation and accelerates developmental switch between NKCC1 and KCC2 chloride transporters in enriched animals, Neuropharmacology, vol.113, pp.167-177, 2017.

A. Barria, D. Muller, V. Derkach, L. C. Griffith, and T. R. Soderling, Regulatory phosphorylation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors by CaM-KII during long-term potentiation, Science, vol.276, issue.5321, pp.2042-2045, 1997.

M. Bartos, I. Vida, and P. Jonas, Synaptic mechanisms of synchronized gamma oscillations in inhibitory interneuron networks, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.8, issue.1, pp.45-56, 2007.

S. W. Baumann, R. Baur, and E. Sigel, Individual properties of the two functional agonist sites in GABA(A) receptors, J Neurosci, vol.23, issue.35, pp.11158-11166, 2003.

M. Bazelot, C. Dinocourt, I. Cohen, and R. Miles, Unitary inhibitory field potentials in the CA3 region of rat hippocampus, J Physiol, vol.588, pp.2077-2090, 2010.

Y. Ben-ari, Excitatory actions of gaba during development: the nature of the nurture, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.3, issue.9, pp.728-739, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484852

Y. Ben-ari, Seizures Beget Seizures: The Quest for GABA as a Key Player, vol.18, pp.135-144, 2006.

Y. Ben-ari, GABA excites and sculpts immature neurons well before delivery: modulation by GABA of the development of ventricular progenitor cells, Epilepsy Curr, vol.7, issue.6, pp.167-169, 2007.

Y. Ben-ari, NKCC1 Chloride Importer Antagonists Attenuate Many Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.40, issue.9, pp.536-554, 2017.

Y. Ben-ari, E. Cherubini, R. Corradetti, and J. L. Gaiarsa, Giant synaptic potentials in immature rat CA3 hippocampal neurones, J Physiol, vol.416, pp.303-325, 1989.

A. Beyeler, A. Retailleau, C. Molter, A. Mehidi, J. Szabadics et al., Recruitment of Perisomatic Inhibition during Spontaneous Hippocampal Activity In Vitro, PLoS One, vol.8, issue.6, p.66509, 2013.

M. J. Bezaire and I. Soltesz, Quantitative assessment of CA1 local circuits: knowledge base for interneuron-pyramidal cell connectivity, Hippocampus, vol.23, issue.9, pp.751-785, 2013.

M. M. Bi, S. Hong, H. Y. Zhou, H. W. Wang, L. N. Wang et al., Chloride channelopathies of ClC-2, Int J Mol Sci, vol.15, issue.1, pp.218-249, 2013.

P. Blaesse, M. S. Airaksinen, C. Rivera, and K. Kaila, Cation-chloride cotransporters and neuronal function, Neuron, vol.61, issue.6, pp.820-838, 2009.

T. V. Bliss and T. Lomo, Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path, J Physiol, vol.232, issue.2, pp.331-356, 1973.

R. D. Blitzer, O. Gil, and E. M. Landau, Cholinergic stimulation enhances long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus, Neurosci Lett, vol.119, issue.2, pp.207-210, 1990.

R. Bos, K. Sadlaoud, P. Boulenguez, D. Buttigieg, S. Liabeuf et al., Activation of 5-HT2A receptors upregulates the function of the neuronal K-Cl cotransporter KCC2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.110, issue.1, pp.348-353, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02009356

R. Bos and L. Vinay, Glucose is an adequate energy substrate for the depolarizing action of GABA and glycine in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro, J Neurophysiol, vol.107, issue.11, pp.3107-3115, 2012.

A. Bragin, G. Jando, Z. Nadasdy, J. Hetke, K. Wise et al., Gamma (40-100 Hz) oscillation in the hippocampus of the behaving rat, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, pp.47-60, 1995.

A. Bragin, G. Jando, Z. Nadasdy, M. Van-landeghem, and G. Buzsaki, Dentate EEG spikes and associated interneuronal population bursts in the hippocampal hilar region of the rat, J Neurophysiol, vol.73, issue.4, pp.1691-1705, 1995.

D. E. Bragin, J. L. Sanderson, S. Peterson, J. A. Connor, and W. S. Muller, Development of epileptiform excitability in the deep entorhinal cortex after status epilepticus, Eur J Neurosci, vol.30, issue.4, pp.611-624, 2009.

T. R. Browne and G. L. Holmes, Epilepsy, N Engl J Med, vol.344, issue.15, pp.1145-1151, 2001.

H. Bruining, L. Passtoors, N. Goriounova, F. Jansen, B. Hakvoort et al., Paradoxical Benzodiazepine Response: A Rationale for Bumetanide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders?, Pediatrics, vol.136, issue.2, pp.539-543, 2015.

E. C. Burgard and J. M. Sarvey, Muscarinic receptor activation facilitates the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat dentate gyrus, Neurosci Lett, vol.116, issue.1-2, pp.34-39, 1990.

G. Buzsaki, Two-stage model of memory trace formation: a role for "noisy" brain states, Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.3, pp.551-570, 1989.

G. Buzsaki, Theta oscillations in the hippocampus, Neuron, vol.33, issue.3, pp.325-340, 2002.

G. Buzsaki, Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning, Hippocampus, vol.25, issue.10, pp.1073-1188, 2015.

G. Buzsaki and J. J. Chrobak, Temporal structure in spatially organized neuronal ensembles: a role for interneuronal networks, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.5, issue.4, pp.504-510, 1995.

G. Buzsaki and W. Freeman, Editorial overview: brain rhythms and dynamic coordination, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.31, pp.v-ix, 2015.

G. Buzsaki, M. Penttonen, Z. Nadasdy, and A. Bragin, Pattern and inhibition-dependent invasion of pyramidal cell dendrites by fast spikes in the hippocampus in vivo, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.93, issue.18, pp.9921-9925, 1996.

G. Buzsaki and X. J. Wang, Mechanisms of gamma oscillations, Annu Rev Neurosci, vol.35, pp.203-225, 2012.

J. E. Capo-aponte, Z. Wang, M. A. Akinci, J. M. Wolosin, K. S. Pokorny et al., Potassium-chloride cotransporter mediates cell cycle progression and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells, Cell Cycle, vol.6, issue.21, pp.2709-2718, 2007.

R. A. Cardarelli, K. Jones, L. I. Pisella, H. J. Wobst, L. J. Mcwilliams et al., The small molecule CLP257 does not modify activity of the K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter KCC2 but does potentiate GABAA receptor activity, Nat Med, vol.23, issue.12, pp.1394-1396, 2017.

J. A. Cardin, M. Carlen, K. Meletis, U. Knoblich, F. Zhang et al., Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses, Nature, vol.459, issue.7247, pp.663-667, 2009.

M. I. Carreno-munoz, F. Martins, M. C. Medrano, E. Aloisi, S. Pietropaolo et al., Potential Involvement of Impaired BKCa Channel Function in Sensory Defensiveness and Some Behavioral Disturbances Induced by Unfamiliar Environment in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome, Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017.

G. Cellot, L. Maggi, M. A. Di-castro, M. Catalano, R. Migliore et al., Premature changes in neuronal excitability account for hippocampal network impairment and autistic-like behavior in neonatal BTBR T+tf/J mice, Sci Rep, vol.6, p.31696, 2016.

J. R. Chalifoux and A. G. Carter, GABAB receptor modulation of voltage-sensitive calcium channels in spines and dendrites, J Neurosci, vol.31, issue.11, pp.4221-4232, 2011.

J. Chavas, M. E. Forero, T. Collin, I. Llano, and A. Marty, Osmotic tension as a possible link between GABA(A) receptor activation and intracellular calcium elevation, Neuron, vol.44, issue.4, pp.701-713, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00790789

J. Chavas and A. Marty, Coexistence of excitatory and inhibitory GABA synapses in the cerebellar interneuron network, J Neurosci, vol.23, issue.6, pp.2019-2031, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00790787

L. Chen, L. Wan, Z. Wu, W. Ren, Y. Huang et al., KCC2 downregulation facilitates epileptic seizures, Sci Rep, vol.7, issue.1, p.156, 2017.

J. J. Chrobak and G. Buzsaki, Gamma oscillations in the entorhinal cortex of the freely behaving rat, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, pp.388-398, 1998.

I. Cohen, V. Navarro, S. Clemenceau, M. Baulac, and R. Miles, On the origin of interictal activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy in vitro, Science, vol.298, issue.5597, pp.1418-1421, 2002.

R. Cossart, C. Bernard, and Y. Ben-ari, Multiple facets of GABAergic neurons and synapses: multiple fates of GABA signalling in epilepsies, Trends Neurosci, vol.28, issue.2, pp.108-115, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484541

L. D. Cowan, The epidemiology of the epilepsies in children, Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev, vol.8, issue.3, pp.171-181, 2002.

V. Crepel and C. Mulle, Physiopathology of kainate receptors in epilepsy, Curr Opin Pharmacol, vol.20, pp.83-88, 2015.

J. Csicsvari, H. Hirase, A. Czurko, and G. Buzsaki, Reliability and state dependence of pyramidal cell-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus: an ensemble approach in the behaving rat, Neuron, vol.21, issue.1, pp.179-189, 1998.

J. Csicsvari, H. Hirase, A. Czurko, A. Mamiya, and G. Buzsaki, Oscillatory coupling of hippocampal pyramidal cells and interneurons in the behaving Rat, J Neurosci, vol.19, issue.1, pp.274-287, 1999.

J. Csicsvari, H. Hirase, A. Mamiya, and G. Buzsaki, Ensemble patterns of hippocampal CA3-CA1 neurons during sharp wave-associated population events, Neuron, vol.28, issue.2, pp.585-594, 2000.

J. Csicsvari, B. Jamieson, K. D. Wise, and G. Buzsaki, Mechanisms of gamma oscillations in the hippocampus of the behaving rat, Neuron, vol.37, issue.2, pp.311-322, 2003.

S. Dasari and A. T. Gulledge, M1 and M4 receptors modulate hippocampal pyramidal neurons, J Neurophysiol, vol.105, issue.2, pp.779-792, 2011.

C. H. Davies, S. J. Starkey, M. F. Pozza, and G. L. Collingridge, GABA autoreceptors regulate the induction of LTP, Nature, vol.349, issue.6310, pp.609-611, 1991.

H. M. De-boer, M. Mula, and J. W. Sander, The global burden and stigma of epilepsy, Epilepsy Behav, vol.12, issue.4, pp.540-546, 2008.

L. M. De-la-prida, G. Huberfeld, I. Cohen, and R. Miles, Threshold behavior in the initiation of hippocampal population bursts, Neuron, vol.49, issue.1, pp.131-142, 2006.

G. Deidda, M. Parrini, S. Naskar, I. F. Bozarth, A. Contestabile et al., Reversing excitatory GABAAR signaling restores synaptic plasticity and memory in a mouse model of Down syndrome, Nat Med, vol.21, issue.4, pp.318-326, 2015.

E. Delpire, A. Baranczak, A. G. Waterson, K. Kim, N. Kett et al., Further optimization of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 antagonist ML077: development of a highly selective and more potent in vitro probe, Bioorg Med Chem Lett, vol.22, issue.14, pp.4532-4535, 2012.

P. Y. Deng, Z. Xiao, C. Yang, L. Rojanathammanee, L. Grisanti et al., GABA(B) receptor activation inhibits neuronal excitability and spatial learning in the entorhinal cortex by activating TREK-2 K+ channels, Neuron, vol.63, issue.2, pp.230-243, 2009.

G. Di-cristo, P. N. Awad, S. Hamidi, and M. Avoli, KCC2, epileptiform synchronization, and epileptic disorders, Prog Neurobiol, vol.162, pp.1-16, 2018.

J. Dine, C. Kuhne, J. M. Deussing, and M. Eder, Optogenetic evocation of field inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal slices: a simple and reliable approach for studying pharmacological effects on GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated neurotransmission, Front Cell Neurosci, vol.8, issue.2, 2014.

D. Doischer, J. A. Hosp, Y. Yanagawa, K. Obata, P. Jonas et al., Postnatal differentiation of basket cells from slow to fast signaling devices, J Neurosci, vol.28, issue.48, pp.12956-12968, 2008.

N. Doyon, F. Ferrini, M. Gagnon, and Y. De-koninck, Treating pathological pain: is KCC2 the key to the gate?, Expert Rev Neurother, vol.13, issue.5, pp.469-471, 2013.

N. Doyon, L. Vinay, S. A. Prescott, and Y. De-koninck, Chloride Regulation: A Dynamic Equilibrium Crucial for Synaptic Inhibition, Neuron, vol.89, issue.6, pp.1157-1172, 2016.

G. Dragoi and G. Buzsaki, Temporal encoding of place sequences by hippocampal cell assemblies, Neuron, vol.50, issue.1, pp.145-157, 2006.

C. Duran, C. H. Thompson, Q. Xiao, and H. C. Hartzell, Chloride channels: often enigmatic, rarely predictable, Annu Rev Physiol, vol.72, pp.95-121, 2010.

V. Dzhala, G. Valeeva, J. Glykys, R. Khazipov, and K. Staley, Traumatic alterations in GABA signaling disrupt hippocampal network activity in the developing brain, J Neurosci, vol.32, issue.12, pp.4017-4031, 2012.

V. I. Dzhala, D. M. Talos, D. A. Sdrulla, A. C. Brumback, G. C. Mathews et al., NKCC1 transporter facilitates seizures in the developing brain, Nat Med, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1205-1213, 2005.

S. Ebihara, K. Shirato, N. Harata, and N. Akaike, Gramicidin-perforated patch recording: GABA response in mammalian neurones with intact intracellular chloride, J Physiol, vol.484, pp.77-86, 1995.

D. Elfant, B. Z. Pal, N. Emptage, and M. Capogna, Specific inhibitory synapses shift the balance from feedforward to feedback inhibition of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, Eur J Neurosci, vol.27, issue.1, pp.104-113, 2008.

D. F. English, A. Peyrache, E. Stark, L. Roux, D. Vallentin et al., Excitation and Inhibition Compete to Control Spiking during Hippocampal Ripples: Intracellular Study in Behaving Mice, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.34, issue.49, pp.16509-16517, 2014.

T. Erker, C. Brandt, K. Tollner, P. Schreppel, F. Twele et al., The bumetanide prodrug BUM5, but not bumetanide, potentiates the antiseizure effect of phenobarbital in adult epileptic mice, Epilepsia, vol.57, issue.5, pp.698-705, 2016.

A. Escayg and A. L. Goldin, Sodium channel SCN1A and epilepsy: mutations and mechanisms, Epilepsia, vol.51, issue.9, pp.1650-1658, 2010.

R. S. Fisher, W. Van-emde, W. Boas, C. Blume, P. Elger et al., Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Epilepsia, vol.46, issue.4, pp.470-472, 2005.

T. Forro, O. Valenti, B. Lasztoczi, and T. Klausberger, Temporal organization of GABAergic interneurons in the intermediate CA1 hippocampus during network oscillations, Cereb Cortex, vol.25, issue.5, pp.1228-1240, 2015.

T. F. Freund and G. Buzsaki, Interneurons of the hippocampus, Hippocampus, vol.6, issue.4, pp.347-470, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484796

T. F. Freund and I. Katona, Perisomatic inhibition, Neuron, vol.56, issue.1, pp.33-42, 2007.

D. Fricker and R. Miles, EPSP amplification and the precision of spike timing in hippocampal neurons, Neuron, vol.28, issue.2, pp.559-569, 2000.

P. Fu, R. Tang, Z. Yu, S. Huang, M. Xie et al., Bumetanide-induced NKCC1 inhibition attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced decrease in proliferative activity and cell cycle progression arrest in cultured OPCs via p-38 MAPKs, Brain Res, vol.1613, pp.110-119, 2015.

E. C. Fuchs, A. R. Zivkovic, M. O. Cunningham, S. Middleton, F. E. Lebeau et al., Recruitment of parvalbumin-positive interneurons determines hippocampal function and associated behavior, Neuron, vol.53, issue.4, pp.591-604, 2007.

M. Gagnon, M. J. Bergeron, G. Lavertu, A. Castonguay, S. Tripathy et al., Chloride extrusion enhancers as novel therapeutics for neurological diseases, Nature medicine, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1524-1528, 2013.

J. Gan, S. M. Weng, A. J. Pernia-andrade, J. Csicsvari, and P. Jonas, Phase-Locked Inhibition, but Not Excitation, Underlies Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations in Awake Mice In Vivo, Neuron, vol.93, issue.2, pp.308-314, 2017.

M. Gassmann, H. Shaban, R. Vigot, G. Sansig, C. Haller et al., Redistribution of GABAB(1) protein and atypical GABAB responses in GABAB(2)-deficient mice, J Neurosci, vol.24, issue.27, pp.6086-6097, 2004.

G. Girardeau, K. Benchenane, S. I. Wiener, G. Buzsaki, and M. B. Zugaro, Selective suppression of hippocampal ripples impairs spatial memory, Nature Neuroscience, vol.12, issue.10, pp.1222-1223, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599372

L. L. Glickfeld, B. V. Atallah, and M. Scanziani, Complementary modulation of somatic inhibition by opioids and cannabinoids, J Neurosci, vol.28, issue.8, pp.1824-1832, 2008.

L. L. Glickfeld, J. D. Roberts, P. Somogyi, and M. Scanziani, Interneurons hyperpolarize pyramidal cells along their entire somatodendritic axis, Nature neuroscience, vol.12, issue.1, pp.21-23, 2009.

J. Glykys, V. Dzhala, K. Egawa, T. Balena, Y. Saponjian et al., Local impermeant anions establish the neuronal chloride concentration, Science, vol.343, issue.6171, pp.670-675, 2014.

J. Glykys and K. J. Staley, Developmental Decrease of Neuronal Chloride Concentration Is Independent of Trauma in Thalamocortical Brain Slices, PLoS One, vol.11, issue.6, p.158012, 2016.

E. M. Goldberg and D. A. Coulter, Mechanisms of epileptogenesis: a convergence on neural circuit dysfunction, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.14, issue.5, pp.337-349, 2013.

M. Goutierre, S. Awabdh, F. Donneger, E. François, D. Gomez-dominguez et al., KCC2 Regulates Neuronal Excitability and Hippocampal Activity via Interaction with Task-3 Channels, Cell Reports, vol.28, issue.1, pp.91-103, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02285145

A. T. Gulledge and G. J. Stuart, Excitatory actions of GABA in the cortex, Neuron, vol.37, issue.2, pp.299-309, 2003.

A. I. Gulyas, A. Sik, J. A. Payne, K. Kaila, and T. F. Freund, The KCl cotransporter, KCC2, is highly expressed in the vicinity of excitatory synapses in the rat hippocampus, Eur J Neurosci, vol.13, issue.12, pp.2205-2217, 2001.

A. I. Gulyas, G. G. Szabo, I. Ulbert, N. Holderith, H. Monyer et al., Parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking basket cells generate the field potential oscillations induced by cholinergic receptor activation in the hippocampus, J Neurosci, vol.30, issue.45, pp.15134-15145, 2010.

Y. Guo, M. Su, M. Su, M. A. Mcnutt, and J. Gu, Expression and distribution of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in neurons of the spinal cord, J Neurosci Res, vol.87, issue.16, pp.3611-3619, 2009.

N. Hadjikhani, N. R. Zurcher, O. Rogier, T. Ruest, L. Hippolyte et al., Improving emotional face perception in autism with diuretic bumetanide: a proof-of-concept behavioral and functional brain imaging pilot study, Autism, vol.19, issue.2, pp.149-157, 2015.

K. Halasy, E. H. Buhl, Z. Lorinczi, G. Tamas, and P. Somogyi, Synaptic target selectivity and input of GABAergic basket and bistratified interneurons in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus, Hippocampus, vol.6, issue.3, pp.306-329, 1996.

K. D. Harris, J. Csicsvari, H. Hirase, G. Dragoi, and G. Buzsaki, Organization of cell assemblies in the hippocampus, Nature, vol.424, issue.6948, pp.552-556, 2003.

M. E. Hasselmo, The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.16, issue.6, pp.710-715, 2006.

M. E. Hasselmo and L. M. Giocomo, Cholinergic modulation of cortical function, J Mol Neurosci, vol.30, issue.1-2, pp.133-135, 2006.

M. E. Hasselmo and J. Mcgaughy, High acetylcholine levels set circuit dynamics for attention and encoding and low acetylcholine levels set dynamics for consolidation, Prog Brain Res, vol.145, pp.207-231, 2004.

M. E. Hasselmo and E. Schnell, Laminar selectivity of the cholinergic suppression of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal region CA1: computational modeling and brain slice physiology, J Neurosci, vol.14, issue.6, pp.3898-3914, 1994.

M. E. Hasselmo and B. P. Wyble, Free recall and recognition in a network model of the hippocampus: simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function, Behav Brain Res, vol.89, issue.1-2, pp.1-34, 1997.

D. O. Hebb, The organization of behaviour, 1949.

M. J. Higley, Localized GABAergic inhibition of dendritic Ca(2+) signalling, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.15, issue.9, pp.567-572, 2014.

C. D. Holmgren, M. Mukhtarov, A. E. Malkov, I. Y. Popova, P. Bregestovski et al., Energy substrate availability as a determinant of neuronal resting potential, GABA signaling and spontaneous network activity in the neonatal cortex in vitro, J Neurochem, vol.112, issue.4, pp.900-912, 2010.

C. C. Huang and K. S. Hsu, Activation of NMDA receptors reduces metabotropic glutamate receptor-induced long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens via a CaMKII-dependent mechanism, Neuropharmacology, vol.63, issue.8, pp.1298-1307, 2012.

G. Huberfeld, T. Blauwblomme, and R. Miles, Hippocampus and epilepsy: Findings from human tissues, Rev Neurol (Paris), vol.171, issue.3, pp.236-251, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01139957

G. Huberfeld, L. Wittner, S. Clemenceau, M. Baulac, K. Kaila et al., Perturbed chloride homeostasis and GABAergic signaling in human temporal lobe epilepsy, J Neurosci, vol.27, issue.37, pp.9866-9873, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00173026

C. A. Hubner, V. Stein, I. Hermans-borgmeyer, T. Meyer, K. Ballanyi et al., Disruption of KCC2 reveals an essential role of K-Cl cotransport already in early synaptic inhibition, Neuron, vol.30, issue.2, pp.515-524, 2001.

P. T. Huerta and J. E. Lisman, Heightened synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during a cholinergically induced rhythmic state, Nature, vol.364, issue.6439, pp.723-725, 1993.

J. R. Huxter, T. J. Senior, K. Allen, and J. Csicsvari, Theta phase-specific codes for twodimensional position, trajectory and heading in the hippocampus, Nature Neuroscience, vol.11, issue.5, pp.587-594, 2008.

J. G. Jefferys, Advances in understanding basic mechanisms of epilepsy and seizures, Seizure, vol.19, issue.10, pp.638-646, 2010.

O. Jensen and L. L. Colgin, Cross-frequency coupling between neuronal oscillations, Trends Cogn Sci, vol.11, issue.7, pp.267-269, 2007.

T. J. Jentsch, CLC chloride channels and transporters: from genes to protein structure, pathology and physiology, Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, vol.43, issue.1, pp.3-36, 2008.

P. Jirkof, Burrowing and nest building behavior as indicators of well-being in mice, J Neurosci Methods, vol.234, pp.139-146, 2014.

K. T. Kahle and E. Delpire, Kinase-KCC2 coupling: Cl-rheostasis, disease susceptibility, therapeutic target, J Neurophysiol, vol.115, issue.1, pp.8-18, 2016.

M. F. Karadsheh and E. Delpire, Neuronal restrictive silencing element is found in the KCC2 gene: molecular basis for KCC2-specific expression in neurons, J Neurophysiol, vol.85, issue.2, pp.995-997, 2001.

K. Kaupmann, K. Huggel, J. Heid, P. J. Flor, S. Bischoff et al., Expression cloning of GABA(B) receptors uncovers similarity to metabotropic glutamate receptors, Nature, vol.386, issue.6622, pp.239-246, 1997.

W. Kelsch, S. Hormuzdi, E. Straube, A. Lewen, H. Monyer et al., Insulin-like growth factor 1 and a cytosolic tyrosine kinase activate chloride outward transport during maturation of hippocampal neurons, J Neurosci, vol.21, issue.21, pp.8339-8347, 2001.

I. Khalilov, V. Dzhala, I. Medina, X. Leinekugel, Z. Melyan et al., Maturation of kainate-induced epileptiform activities in interconnected intact neonatal limbic structures in vitro, Eur J Neurosci, vol.11, issue.10, pp.3468-3480, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00486291

S. C. Kharod, S. K. Kang, and S. D. Kadam, Off-Label Use of Bumetanide for Brain Disorders: An Overview, Front Neurosci, vol.13, p.310, 2019.

S. Khirug, J. Yamada, R. Afzalov, J. Voipio, L. Khiroug et al., GABAergic depolarization of the axon initial segment in cortical principal neurons is caused by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, J Neurosci, vol.28, issue.18, pp.4635-4639, 2008.

K. Kirmse, M. Kummer, Y. Kovalchuk, O. W. Witte, O. Garaschuk et al., GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo, Nat Commun, vol.6, p.7750, 2015.

T. Klausberger, P. J. Magill, L. F. Marton, J. D. Roberts, P. M. Cobden et al., Brain-state-and cell-type-specific firing of hippocampal interneurons in vivo, Nature, vol.421, issue.6925, pp.844-848, 2003.

T. Klausberger, L. F. Marton, A. Baude, J. D. Roberts, P. J. Magill et al., Spike timing of dendrite-targeting bistratified cells during hippocampal network oscillations in vivo, Nat Neurosci, vol.7, issue.1, pp.41-47, 2004.

T. Klausberger and P. Somogyi, Neuronal diversity and temporal dynamics: the unity of hippocampal circuit operations, Science, vol.321, issue.5885, pp.53-57, 2008.

N. Kourdougli, C. Pellegrino, J. M. Renko, S. Khirug, G. Chazal et al.,

L. Gaiarsa, A. Zhou, E. Peret, R. K. Castren, V. Tuominen et al., Depolarizing gamma-aminobutyric acid contributes to glutamatergic network rewiring in epilepsy, Ann Neurol, vol.81, issue.2, pp.251-265, 2017.

E. Krook-magnuson, C. Armstrong, M. Oijala, and I. Soltesz, On-demand optogenetic control of spontaneous seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy, Nat Commun, vol.4, p.1376, 2013.

A. Kulik, Y. Vida, N. Fukazawa, Y. Guetg, C. L. Kasugai et al., Compartment-dependent colocalization of Kir3.2-containing K+ channels and GABAB receptors in hippocampal pyramidal cells, J Neurosci, vol.26, issue.16, pp.4289-4297, 2006.

D. M. Kullmann, Interneuron networks in the hippocampus, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.21, issue.5, pp.709-716, 2011.

A. Lansner, Associative memory models: from the cell-assembly theory to biophysically detailed cortex simulations, Trends Neurosci, vol.32, issue.3, pp.178-186, 2009.

J. J. Lawrence and C. J. Mcbain, Interneuron diversity series: containing the detonation--feedforward inhibition in the CA3 hippocampus, Trends Neurosci, vol.26, issue.11, pp.631-640, 2003.

S. H. Lee, I. Marchionni, M. Bezaire, C. Varga, N. Danielson et al.,

. Soltesz, Parvalbumin-positive basket cells differentiate among hippocampal pyramidal cells, Neuron, vol.82, issue.5, pp.1129-1144, 2014.

E. Lemonnier and Y. Ben-ari, The diuretic bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour in five infants treated during 3 months with no side effects, Acta Paediatr, vol.99, issue.12, pp.1885-1888, 2010.

E. Lemonnier, C. Degrez, M. Phelep, R. Tyzio, F. Josse et al., A randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children, Transl.Psychiatry, vol.2, p.202, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00952877

E. Lemonnier, N. Villeneuve, S. Sonie, S. Serret, A. Rosier et al., Effects of bumetanide on neurobehavioral function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, Transl Psychiatry, vol.7, issue.3, p.1056, 2017.

X. Li, J. Zhou, Z. Chen, S. Chen, F. Zhu et al., Long-term expressional changes of Na+-K+-Cl? co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+-Cl? co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in CA1 region of hippocampus following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE), Brain Research, vol.1221, pp.141-146, 2008.

X. G. Li, P. Somogyi, A. Ylinen, and G. Buzsaki, The hippocampal CA3 network: an in vivo intracellular labeling study, J Comp Neurol, vol.339, issue.2, pp.181-208, 1994.

J. Lisman, H. Schulman, and H. Cline, The molecular basis of CaMKII function in synaptic and behavioural memory, Nat Rev Neurosci, vol.3, issue.3, pp.175-190, 2002.

G. Lynch, J. Larson, S. Kelso, G. Barrionuevo, and F. Schottler, Intracellular injections of EGTA block induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation, Nature, vol.305, issue.5936, pp.719-721, 1983.

G. Maccaferri, J. D. Roberts, P. Szucs, C. A. Cottingham, and P. Somogyi, Cell surface domain specific postsynaptic currents evoked by identified GABAergic neurones in rat hippocampus in vitro, J Physiol, vol.524, pp.91-116, 2000.

A. C. Magalhaes and C. Rivera, NKCC1-Deficiency Results in Abnormal Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells of the Lateral Ganglionic Eminence, Front Cell Neurosci, vol.10, 0200.

J. C. Magee and D. Johnston, A synaptically controlled, associative signal for Hebbian plasticity in hippocampal neurons, Science, vol.275, issue.5297, pp.209-213, 1997.

V. Magloire, J. Cornford, A. Lieb, D. M. Kullmann, and I. Pavlov, KCC2 overexpression prevents the paradoxical seizure-promoting action of somatic inhibition, Nat Commun, vol.10, issue.1, p.1225, 2019.

R. C. Malenka, Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus: LTP and LTD, Cell, vol.78, issue.4, pp.535-538, 1994.

R. C. Malenka, J. A. Kauer, R. S. Zucker, and R. A. Nicoll, Postsynaptic calcium is sufficient for potentiation of hippocampal synaptic transmission, Science, vol.242, issue.4875, pp.81-84, 1988.

H. Markram, J. Lubke, M. Frotscher, and B. Sakmann, Regulation of synaptic efficacy by coincidence of postsynaptic APs and EPSPs, Science, vol.275, issue.5297, pp.213-215, 1997.

D. Marr, Simple memory: a theory for archicortex, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.262, issue.841, pp.23-81, 1971.

H. Matsumoto and C. A. Marsan, Cortical Cellular Phenomena in Experimental Epilepsy: Ictal Manifestations, Exp Neurol, vol.9, pp.305-326, 1964.

H. Matsumoto and C. A. Marsan, Cortical Cellular Phenomena in Experimental Epilepsy: Interictal Manifestations, Exp Neurol, vol.9, pp.286-304, 1964.

B. L. Mcnaughton and R. G. Morris, Hippocampal synaptic enhancement and information storage within a distributed memory system, TINS, vol.10, pp.408-415, 1987.

I. Medina, P. Friedel, C. Rivera, K. T. Kahle, N. Kourdougli et al., Current view on the functional regulation of the neuronal K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2, Front Cell Neurosci, vol.8, p.27, 2014.

R. Miles, K. Toth, A. I. Gulyas, N. Hajos, and T. F. Freund, Differences between somatic and dendritic inhibition in the hippocampus, Neuron, vol.16, issue.4, pp.815-823, 1996.

R. Miles and R. K. Wong, Single neurones can initiate synchronized population discharge in the hippocampus, Nature, vol.306, issue.5941, pp.371-373, 1983.

R. Miles and R. K. Wong, Excitatory synaptic interactions between CA3 neurones in the guinea-pig hippocampus, J Physiol, vol.373, pp.397-418, 1986.

P. S. Miller and A. R. Aricescu, Crystal structure of a human GABAA receptor, Nature, vol.512, issue.7514, pp.270-275, 2014.

P. M. Milner, The mind and Donald O. Hebb, Sci Am, vol.268, issue.1, pp.124-129, 1993.

Y. E. Moore, M. R. Kelley, N. J. Brandon, T. Z. Deeb, and S. J. Moss, Seizing Control of KCC2: A New Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.40, issue.9, pp.555-571, 2017.

M. B. Moser, D. C. Rowland, and E. I. Moser, Place cells, grid cells, and memory, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, vol.7, issue.2, p.21808, 2015.

K. Nakazawa, M. C. Quirk, R. A. Chitwood, M. Watanabe, M. F. Yeckel et al., Requirement for hippocampal CA3 NMDA receptors in associative memory recall, Science, vol.297, issue.5579, pp.211-218, 2002.

R. Nardou, Y. Ben-ari, and I. Khalilov, Bumetanide, an NKCC1 antagonist, does not prevent formation of epileptogenic focus but blocks epileptic focus seizures in immature rat hippocampus, J Neurophysiol, vol.101, issue.6, pp.2878-2888, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483209

R. Nardou, S. Yamamoto, G. Chazal, A. Bhar, N. Ferrand et al., Neuronal chloride accumulation and excitatory GABA underlie aggravation of neonatal epileptiform activities by phenobarbital, Brain, vol.134, issue.4, pp.987-1002, 2011.

B. Nilius and G. Droogmans, Amazing chloride channels: an overview, Acta Physiol Scand, vol.177, issue.2, pp.119-147, 2003.

J. O'keefe and D. H. Conway, Hippocampal place units in the freely moving rat: why they fire where they fire, Exp Brain Res, vol.31, issue.4, pp.573-590, 1978.

J. O'keefe and J. Dostrovsky, The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat, Brain Res, vol.34, issue.1, pp.171-175, 1971.

J. O'keefe and M. L. Recce, Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm, Hippocampus, vol.3, issue.3, pp.317-330, 1993.

K. Obata, M. Oide, and H. Tanaka, Excitatory and inhibitory actions of GABA and glycine on embryonic chick spinal neurons in culture, Brain Res, vol.144, issue.1, pp.179-184, 1978.

I. Ogiwara, H. Miyamoto, N. Morita, N. Atapour, E. Mazaki et al., Nav1.1 localizes to axons of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons: a circuit basis for epileptic seizures in mice carrying an Scn1a gene mutation, J Neurosci, vol.27, issue.22, pp.5903-5914, 2007.

S. Ozawa, H. Kamiya, and K. Tsuzuki, Glutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system, Prog Neurobiol, vol.54, issue.5, pp.581-618, 1998.

J. Pallud, M. L. Van-quyen, F. Bielle, C. Pellegrino, P. Varlet et al., Cortical GABAergic excitation contributes to epileptic activities around human glioma, Sci Transl Med, vol.6, issue.244, pp.244-289, 2014.

P. Parra, A. I. Gulyas, and R. Miles, How many subtypes of inhibitory cells in the hippocampus?, Neuron, vol.20, issue.5, pp.983-993, 1998.

H. R. Pathak, F. Weissinger, M. Terunuma, G. C. Carlson, F. Hsu et al., Disrupted Dentate Granule Cell Chloride Regulation Enhances Synaptic Excitability during Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.51, pp.14012-14022, 2007.

O. Paulsen and E. I. Moser, A model of hippocampal memory encoding and retrieval: GABAergic control of synaptic plasticity, Trends Neurosci, vol.21, issue.7, pp.273-278, 1998.

H. Pawelzik, A. P. Bannister, J. Deuchars, M. Ilia, and A. M. Thomson, Modulation of bistratified cell IPSPs and basket cell IPSPs by pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and Zn2+: dual recordings in slices of adult rat hippocampus, Eur J Neurosci, vol.11, issue.10, pp.3552-3564, 1999.

J. A. Payne, Functional characterization of the neuronal-specific K-Cl cotransporter: implications for [K+]o regulation, Am J Physiol, vol.273, issue.5, pp.1516-1525, 1997.

J. A. Payne and B. Forbush, Molecular characterization of the epithelial Na-K-Cl cotransporter isoforms, Curr Opin Cell Biol, vol.7, issue.4, pp.493-503, 1995.

J. A. Payne, T. J. Stevenson, and L. F. Donaldson, Molecular characterization of a putative K-Cl cotransporter in rat brain. A neuronal-specific isoform, J Biol Chem, vol.271, issue.27, pp.16245-16252, 1996.

K. A. Pelkey, R. Chittajallu, M. T. Craig, L. Tricoire, J. C. Wester et al., Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons, Physiol Rev, vol.97, issue.4, pp.1619-1747, 2017.

J. C. Poncer, R. A. Mckinney, B. H. Gahwiler, and S. M. Thompson, Either N-or P-type calcium channels mediate GABA release at distinct hippocampal inhibitory synapses, Neuron, vol.18, issue.3, pp.463-472, 1997.

F. Pouille and M. Scanziani, Enforcement of temporal fidelity in pyramidal cells by somatic feed-forward inhibition, Science, vol.293, issue.5532, pp.1159-1163, 2001.

F. Pouille and M. Scanziani, Routing of spike series by dynamic circuits in the hippocampus, Nature, vol.429, issue.6993, pp.717-723, 2004.

J. V. Raimondo, L. Kay, T. J. Ellender, and C. J. Akerman, Optogenetic silencing strategies differ in their effects on inhibitory synaptic transmission, Nat Neurosci, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1102-1104, 2012.

T. Ravizza, B. Gagliardi, F. Noe, K. Boer, E. Aronica et al., Innate and adaptive immunity during epileptogenesis and spontaneous seizures: evidence from experimental models and human temporal lobe epilepsy, Neurobiol Dis, vol.29, issue.1, pp.142-160, 2008.

S. Rheims, C. D. Holmgren, G. Chazal, J. Mulder, T. Harkany et al., , 2009.

, GABA action in immature neocortical neurons directly depends on the availability of ketone bodies, J Neurochem, vol.110, issue.4, pp.1330-1338

R. Riekki, I. Pavlov, J. Tornberg, S. E. Lauri, M. S. Airaksinen et al., Altered synaptic dynamics and hippocampal excitability but normal long-term plasticity in mice lacking hyperpolarizing GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition in CA1 pyramidal neurons, J Neurophysiol, vol.99, issue.6, pp.3075-3089, 2008.

V. Rigau, M. Morin, M. C. Rousset, F. Bock, A. Lebrun et al., Angiogenesis is associated with blood-brain barrier permeability in temporal lobe epilepsy, Brain, vol.130, pp.1942-1956, 2007.

C. Rivera, J. Voipio, J. A. Payne, E. Ruusuvuori, H. Lahtinen et al.,

K. , The K+/Cl-co-transporter KCC2 renders GABA hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation, Nature, vol.397, issue.6716, pp.251-255, 1999.

B. R. Rost, P. Nicholson, G. Ahnert-hilger, A. Rummel, C. Rosenmund et al., Activation of metabotropic GABA receptors increases the energy barrier for vesicle fusion, J Cell Sci, vol.124, pp.3066-3073, 2011.

L. Roux, B. Hu, R. Eichler, E. Stark, and G. Buzsaki, Sharp wave ripples during learning stabilize the hippocampal spatial map, Nat Neurosci, vol.20, issue.6, pp.845-853, 2017.

C. Rovira, E. Cherubini, and Y. Ben-ari, Opposite actions of muscarinic and nicotinic agents on hippocampal dendritic negative fields recorded in rats, Neuropharmacology, vol.21, issue.9, pp.933-936, 1982.

S. Royer, B. V. Zemelman, A. Losonczy, J. Kim, F. Chance et al., Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition, Nat Neurosci, vol.15, issue.5, pp.769-775, 2012.

M. Scanziani, GABA spillover activates postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors to control rhythmic hippocampal activity, Neuron, vol.25, issue.3, pp.673-681, 2000.

V. Schuler, C. Luscher, C. Blanchet, N. Klix, G. Sansig et al., Epilepsy, hyperalgesia, impaired memory, and loss of pre-and postsynaptic GABA(B) responses in mice lacking GABA(B(1)), Neuron, vol.31, issue.1, pp.47-58, 2001.

W. B. Scoville and B. Milner, Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, vol.20, issue.1, pp.11-21, 1957.

P. Seja, M. Schonewille, G. Spitzmaul, A. Badura, I. Klein et al.,

D. Zeeuw and T. J. Jentsch, Raising cytosolic Cl-in cerebellar granule cells affects their excitability and vestibulo-ocular learning, EMBO J, vol.31, issue.5, pp.1217-1230, 2012.

A. Semyanov, M. C. Walker, D. M. Kullmann, and R. A. Silver, Tonically active GABA A receptors: modulating gain and maintaining the tone, Trends Neurosci, vol.27, issue.5, pp.262-269, 2004.

A. Sen, L. Martinian, M. Nikolic, M. C. Walker, M. Thom et al., Increased NKCC1 expression in refractory human epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, vol.74, issue.2, pp.220-227, 2007.

T. J. Senior, J. R. Huxter, K. Allen, J. O'neill, and J. Csicsvari, Gamma oscillatory firing reveals distinct populations of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, J Neurosci, vol.28, issue.9, pp.2274-2286, 2008.

A. Sik, M. Penttonen, A. Ylinen, and G. Buzsaki, Hippocampal CA1 interneurons: an in vivo intracellular labeling study, J Neurosci, vol.15, issue.10, pp.6651-6665, 1995.

A. Sik, N. Tamamaki, and T. F. Freund, Complete axon arborization of a single CA3 pyramidal cell in the rat hippocampus, and its relationship with postsynaptic parvalbumin-containing interneurons, Eur J Neurosci, vol.5, issue.12, pp.1719-1728, 1993.

W. Singer and C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis, Annu Rev Neurosci, vol.18, pp.555-586, 1995.

S. Sivakumaran, R. A. Cardarelli, J. Maguire, M. R. Kelley, L. Silayeva et al.,

R. J. Moore, M. E. Mather, N. J. Duggan, J. Brandon, S. Dunlop et al., Selective inhibition of KCC2 leads to hyperexcitability and epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices and in vivo, J Neurosci, vol.35, issue.21, pp.8291-8296, 2015.

S. Sivakumaran and J. Maguire, Bumetanide reduces seizure progression and the development of pharmacoresistant status epilepticus, Epilepsia, vol.57, issue.2, pp.222-232, 2016.

W. E. Skaggs, B. L. Mcnaughton, M. A. Wilson, and C. A. Barnes, Theta phase precession in hippocampal neuronal populations and the compression of temporal sequences, Hippocampus, vol.6, issue.2, pp.149-172, 1996.

T. Solstad, C. N. Boccara, E. Kropff, M. B. Moser, and E. I. Moser, Representation of geometric borders in the entorhinal cortex, Science, vol.322, issue.5909, pp.1865-1868, 2008.

K. Staley, R. Smith, J. Schaack, C. Wilcox, and T. J. Jentsch, Alteration of GABAA receptor function following gene transfer of the CLC-2 chloride channel, Neuron, vol.17, issue.3, pp.543-551, 1996.

E. Stark, L. Roux, R. Eichler, Y. Senzai, S. Royer et al., Pyramidal cell-interneuron interactions underlie hippocampal ripple oscillations, Neuron, vol.83, issue.2, pp.467-480, 2014.

T. Stodberg, A. Mctague, A. J. Ruiz, H. Hirata, J. Zhen et al., Mutations in SLC12A5 in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, Nat Commun, vol.6, p.8038, 2015.

J. Szabadics, G. Tamas, and I. Soltesz, Different transmitter transients underlie presynaptic cell type specificity of GABAA,slow and GABAA,fast, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.104, issue.37, pp.14831-14836, 2007.

J. Szabadics, C. Varga, G. Molnar, S. Olah, P. Barzo et al., Excitatory effect of GABAergic axo-axonic cells in cortical microcircuits, Science, vol.311, issue.5758, pp.233-235, 2006.

W. H. Theodore, S. Bhatia, J. Hatta, S. Fazilat, C. Decarli et al., Hippocampal atrophy, epilepsy duration, and febrile seizures in patients with partial seizures, Neurology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.132-136, 1999.

A. M. Thomson, A. P. Bannister, D. I. Hughes, and H. Pawelzik, Differential sensitivity to Zolpidem of IPSPs activated by morphologically identified CA1 interneurons in slices of rat hippocampus, Eur J Neurosci, vol.12, issue.2, pp.425-436, 2000.

K. Tollner, C. Brandt, T. Erker, and W. Loscher, Bumetanide is not capable of terminating status epilepticus but enhances phenobarbital efficacy in different rat models, Eur J Pharmacol, vol.746, pp.78-88, 2015.

K. Tollner, C. Brandt, K. Romermann, and W. Loscher, The organic anion transport inhibitor probenecid increases brain concentrations of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide, Eur J Pharmacol, vol.746, pp.167-173, 2015.

K. Tollner, C. Brandt, M. Topfer, G. Brunhofer, T. Erker et al., A novel prodrug-based strategy to increase effects of bumetanide in epilepsy, Ann Neurol, vol.75, issue.4, pp.550-562, 2014.

R. D. Traub and R. K. Wong, Cellular mechanism of neuronal synchronization in epilepsy, Science, vol.216, issue.4547, pp.745-747, 1982.

H. Tsubokawa and W. N. Ross, IPSPs modulate spike backpropagation and associated [Ca2+]i changes in the dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, J Neurophysiol, vol.76, issue.5, pp.2896-2906, 1996.

J. J. Tukker, P. Fuentealba, K. Hartwich, P. Somogyi, and T. Klausberger, Cell type-specific tuning of hippocampal interneuron firing during gamma oscillations in vivo, J Neurosci, vol.27, issue.31, pp.8184-8189, 2007.

R. Tyzio, R. Cossart, I. Khalilov, M. Minlebaev, C. A. Hubner et al., Maternal oxytocin triggers a transient inhibitory switch in GABA signaling in the fetal brain during delivery, Science, vol.314, issue.5806, pp.1788-1792, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483930

R. Tyzio, M. Minlebaev, S. Rheims, A. Ivanov, I. Jorquera et al., Postnatal changes in somatic gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling in the rat hippocampus, Eur J Neurosci, vol.27, issue.10, pp.2515-2528, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483514

R. Tyzio, R. Nardou, D. C. Ferrari, T. Tsintsadze, A. Shahrokhi et al., Oxytocinmediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring, Science, vol.343, issue.6171, pp.675-679, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01721423

G. Valeeva, T. Tressard, M. Mukhtarov, A. Baude, and R. Khazipov, An Optogenetic Approach for Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Network GABA Actions in Mice Expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic Neurons, J Neurosci, vol.36, issue.22, pp.4283-4292, 1996.

C. R. Vibat, M. J. Holland, J. J. Kang, L. K. Putney, and M. E. O'donnell, Quantitation of Na+-K+-2Cl-cotransport splice variants in human tissues using kinetic polymerase chain reaction, Anal Biochem, vol.298, issue.2, pp.218-230, 2001.

C. Von-der-malsburg, The what and why of binding: the modeler's perspective, Neuron, vol.24, issue.1, pp.111-125, 1999.

C. Wang, C. Shimizu-okabe, K. Watanabe, A. Okabe, H. Matsuzaki et al., Developmental changes in KCC1, KCC2, and NKCC1 mRNA expressions in the rat brain, Brain Res Dev Brain Res, vol.139, issue.1, pp.59-66, 2002.

M. A. Wilson and B. L. Mcnaughton, Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space, Science, vol.261, issue.5124, pp.1055-1058, 1993.

N. S. Woo, J. Lu, R. England, R. Mcclellan, S. Dufour et al.,

. Delpire, Hyperexcitability and epilepsy associated with disruption of the mouse neuronalspecific K-Cl cotransporter gene, Hippocampus, vol.12, issue.2, pp.258-268, 2002.

M. Yamasaki, M. Matsui, and M. Watanabe, Preferential localization of muscarinic M1 receptor on dendritic shaft and spine of cortical pyramidal cells and its anatomical evidence for volume transmission, J Neurosci, vol.30, issue.12, pp.4408-4418, 2010.

A. Ylinen, A. Bragin, Z. Nadasdy, G. Jando, I. Szabo et al., Sharp waveassociated high-frequency oscillation (200 Hz) in the intact hippocampus: network and intracellular mechanisms, J Neurosci, vol.15, issue.1, pp.30-46, 1995.

R. Yuste and T. Bonhoeffer, Morphological changes in dendritic spines associated with longterm synaptic plasticity, Annu Rev Neurosci, vol.24, pp.1071-1089, 2001.

H. Zhang, H. J. Cao, H. K. Kimelberg, and M. Zhou, Volume regulated anion channel currents of rat hippocampal neurons and their contribution to oxygen-and-glucose deprivation induced neuronal death, PLoS One, vol.6, issue.2, p.16803, 2011.

L. Zhu, D. Lovinger, and E. Delpire, Cortical neurons lacking KCC2 expression show impaired regulation of intracellular chloride, J Neurophysiol, vol.93, issue.3, pp.1557-1568, 2005.