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/. Rhs10), Grâce à la combinaison (i) d'une analyse de mutants situés dans la région génomique couverte par le QTL retenu pour notre étude, et (ii) de la complémentation du mutant perk13 -1 par l'haplotype du fond génétique Col-0 et de deux haplotypes provenant de la population TOU-A, le gène PERK13/RHS10 a pu être identifié comme étant un gène causal sous-jacent à la variation naturelle observée pour une stratégie d

. Hwang, PERK13/RHS10 semble donc aussi jouer un rôle essentiel dans la réponse d'A. thaliana à la présence de P. annua en agissant sur un phénotype au niveau aérien. À noter que cette réponse est observée aussi en réponse au blé tendre T. aestivum, mais pas en réponse à A. sativa, D. glomerata, S. media, V. arvensis et plus étonnamment P. pratensis (pourtant plus proche phylogénétiquement de P. annua que toutes les autres espèces), suggérant l'existence d'une spécificité de la réponse médiée par PERK13/RHS10. Par ailleurs, des résultats préliminaires semblent montrer que P, Bien qu'ayant été décrit initialement pour être un régulateur négatif de la croissance des poils racinaires, p.13, 2016.

, Tous ces résultats ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives extrêmement intéressantes, (i) comprendre par quels mécanismes/molécules P. annua est perçu par A. thaliana, (ii) comment ce message est-il transduit par la plante, et (iii) quelle reprogrammation génétique est associée à la réponse d'évitement à la compétition, suite à la perception de P. annua via PERK13/RHS10, p.13

, premier chapitre, j'ai séquencé quelques accessions avec la méthode Sanger, ce qui m'a permis d'avoir une information plus précise de la diversité nucléotidique présente au niveau de PERK13/RHS10. En effet, les données de séquençage Illumina en 'short reads' ne permettent pas d'identifier les polymorphismes dans des régions très polymorphes, comme c'est le cas de la région promotrice et du domaine kinase de PERK13/RHS10. Nous avons identifié des haplotypes très différenciés, suggérant une sélection balancée avec un maintien sur de longs cinétiques, (iii) en présence/absence de P. annua. Ces expériences permettraient d'identifier le réseau de gènes associés à PERK13/RHS10, dont la validation devra être réalisée par analyse de mutants, Variation nucléotidique de RHS10 au sein de la population TOU-A Afin de replacer PERK13/RHS10 dans les processus évolutifs abordés lors du

, Deux hypothèses sont envisageables : i. la perception de signaux externes produits par P. annua et le blé (exsudats

, ii. la perception de signaux internes produits par A. thaliana (Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern, DAMP, ou autres molécules)

, Si ce(s) ligand(s) est/sont produit(s) au niveau racinaire par P. annua (point qui devrait être élucidé en point 1), une première expérience serait de phénotyper le comportement des différentes lignées PERK13/RHS10 en possession de l'équipe (WT, mutant et lignées complémentées) sur du sol ayant servi à la croissance de P. annua, ou en ajoutant dans le milieu de culture les éluats du sol ayant servi à la croissance de P. annua. Si le ligand est présent et influence le phénotype de réponse à la compétition (ratio HD), il resterait à (i) extraire, (ii) purifier et (iii) identifier les composés bioactifs produits par P. annua en utilisant des méthodes telles que la spectrométrie de masse, Afin d'identifier un tel ligand, plusieurs approches sont envisageables : i

, la fréquence de chacun des haplotypes permettrait d'estimer leur valeur sélective respective

, Quid des autres populations naturelles d'A. thaliana cohabitant avec P. annua ?

, L'identification du rôle de PERK13/RHS10 au sein de la population TOU-A

, Pour répondre à cette question, la caractérisation des communautés végétales de 168 populations naturelles d'A. thaliana de la région Midi-Pyrénées réalisée dans le cadre de la thèse de Léa Frachon au sein de l'équipe (2014-2017) pourrait nous permettre de déterminer s'il existe un lien entre diversité génétique de PERK13/RHS10 et présence/absence de certaines espèces végétales. Cette approche, bien que corrélative, nous permettrait non seulement d'avoir une idée de la distribution géographique des différents haplotypes de PERK13/RHS10, ne permet pas de prédire si PERK13/RHS10 joue un rôle similaire dans d'autres populations d'arabettes

, Si PERK13/RHS10 n'est pas écologiquement pertinent au sein de la région Midi

. Pyrénées, il serait facilement envisageable de lancer des études de GWA mapping en phénotypant la réponse à la présence de P. annua des 168 populations naturelles (dont les génomes ont été séquencés, 2018.

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