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, Total Pd concentration in the liquid pahse (mol m -3 )

, Active Pd concentration in the liquid pahse (mol m -3 )

, Concentration of total supported Pd on the solid (mol m -3 ) Concentration of active supported Pd on the solid

, Axial dispercion (m 2 s -1 )

, Effective diffusivity (m 2 s -1 ) Internal diameter of the reactor Kinetic constant of Pd adsorption (s -1 )

, Kinetic constant of Pd deactivation (s -1 )

, Kinetic constant of Pd leaching (mol -1 m 3 s -1 )

, Pd Pd mass inside the column (mg) ppm part per million (mg Pd /Kg solution)

, Q Liquid flow rate (ml min -1 )

, Rate of liquid Pd deactivation inside the column (mol 1 m -3 s -1 )

, Rate of liquid Pd deactivation inside the tube (mol 1 m -3 s -1 )

, Pd leaching reaction rate (mol m -3 s -1 )

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, Optimized step response profile of normalized concentration at column outlet Conditions: Q L =0.46 ml/min, Column: length 5 cm

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