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. .. , Statistiques en contraste sur trois sous-corpus parallèles trilingues annotés (anglais-français-chinois) (nombre de tokens), p.79

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, Annotation conventions 5 5.1 How to decide the segment boundary?

, How to annotate unaligned segments?

, How to deal with linguistic anaphora?

, Annotation of aligned segments

.. .. Literal,

.. .. Equivalence,

.. .. Mod+trans,

. .. Lexical-shift,

, It 's difficult . ? Ce n' est pas facile . The subject becomes the object

, He was knee-deep in water . ? L' eau lui arrivait jusqu'aux genoux

, no meaning change): 15. something has happened ? il m' est arrivé quelque chose 16. and you can go backwards , you can go forwards ; you can not stay where you are . ? vous pouvez aller en arrière ou en avant ; vous ne pouvez pas rester où vous êtes . 17. those are two very different entities ? ces deux entités sont très différentes Circumvent translation difficulties, achieve expression naturalness: 18. unless you think of it in the terms that I do , ? à moins que vous ne regardiez la chose comme moi : 19. which has caused me to have to recalibrate my whole relationship with this work ? qui a transformé ma relation à ce travail Slight meaning change in lexical level: 20, I had a really astonishing assignment ? on m' avait confié une mission étonnante Syntax changes

, as Explicitation: are n't you afraid you 're going to keep writing for your whole life and you 're never

, ? vous n' avez pas peur de passer votre vie à écrire et de ne jamais plus

, Unaligned -Reduction Percentage: 6.83%

, Definition Deliberately remove certain words with concrete meaning that could be translated: 1. and you 'll suddenly discover what it would be like ? et vous découvrirez ce que ce serait 2. they say we , who are the younger brothers , are the ones responsible for ? ils disent , nous , les jeunes frères , sommes responsables de 3. look carefully at the area of the eastern Pacific ? regardez le secteur oriental de l' océan pacifique 4. we 've never needed progress in science more than we need it right now ? nous n' avons

, We do want to help you . ? Nous voulons t' aider

, Unaligned -No Type Percentage: 14.47% (on source side)

, the last example I have time to ? le dernier exemple que j' ai le temps de 2. a sequence that you can assemble ? une séquence que l' on peut assembler 3. minus 271 degrees , colder than ? moins 271 degrés , ce qui est plus froid que Rule 2 Segments not translated but which do not impact the meaning: 1. he 's going to land in a couple of hours , he 's going to rent a car , and he 's going to come to Long Beach ? il va atterrir dans quelques heures , louer une voiture et arriver à Long Beach (The stylistic choice in English has been omitted in French) 2

, Rule 3 Target segments which do not correspond to any source segment

, Rule 4 Reformulation of the speaker: in figure 7, we don't annotate the reformulation which are incomplete segments. Figure 7: Don't annotate the incomplete segment of reformulation, vol.18, p.20

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, Annotation of aligned segments

.. .. Literal,

. .. Equivalence,

.. .. Mod+trans,

. .. Lexical-shift,

?. ??-?-?-??-;-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-??-?-??, Borrowing words using transliteration: a cup of coffee ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? Possible literal translation of idioms: ivory tower ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? Corresponding expression when absolute literal translation does not make sense: I give you my word

?. ??-?-?-?-?-?-?-?-??-?-??, No change in meaning and point of view, a word-for-word translation makes sense but the translator has produced a different translation: protect all locations at all times ? ? ? ?? ? ? ("day and night") ?? ?? ? ?? without changing the meaning: She was careful not to question him

?. ??-?-?-?-?-?-;-??-???-?-?-??-?-?-;-?-?-??,

, Change the point of view, can be encountered both in lexis and syntactic structures: I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past

?. ????-?-?-;-?-?-?-?-??-?-?-?-?-??-?-?, but") ??? ("devote myself to") ?? ? ? ?? Slight meaning change in lexical level according to the context: he had rudely bellowed across the supper table to her

, Mod+Trans (6.1.5) Combine the transformations in Modulation and Transposition: One by one the other elders now timidly rise with innocuous requests

?. ??,

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