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«. Fléau-de-la, , vol.29, 2019.

. Le,

, 1+ 2+ 3?3

P. Dominance-de, Une solution x domine (?) au sens de Pareto une solution si et seulement si, vol.201

, Une solution réalisable dominée par aucune autre solution réalisable est dite Pareto-optimal. Son image dans l'espace des solutions est qualifiée de non-dominée

, L'ensemble des solutions Pareto-optimal s'appelle Pareto-set. L'image de Pareto-set dans l'espace des objectifs s'appelle Pareto-front, vol.171

, Notons que dans notre travail, l'ensemble des solutions s'agit d'une approximation (approximate pareto set)

, Les méta-heuristiques, sont des méthodes d'optimisation permettant d'obtenir une valeur approchée de la solution optimale en un temps raisonnable. PSO est fondée sur les « interactions sociales » entre des « agents » appelés « particules », dont le but est d'atteindre un objectif donné dans un espace de recherche commun où chaque particule a une certaine capacité de mémoriser et traiter l'information. Ces algorithmes sont inspirés du comportement de groupes d'individus, et une particule se comporte comme un oiseau au sein d'un vol d'oiseaux migrateurs qui cherchent le déplacement optimum pour parcourir des longues distances

. Paramétrage,