1: Schematic representation of the lignin sulfonation ,
2: Schematic representation of lignin copolymerization with lactide 48 ,
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1: Acetylation of hydroxyl groups in lignin ,
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1: Reaction scheme A of lignin hydroconversion ,
2: Reaction scheme of decarboxylation ,
3: Reaction scheme of demethylation and demethoxylation of -OCH3 ,
4: Reaction scheme B of lignin hydroconversion ,
5: Breakup of ether bonds and creating of free phenolics OH ,
Methyl-substitution reaction due to a heterolytic cleavage of -OCH3 bond, vol.6 ,
7: Reaction scheme C of lignin hydroconversion ,
Reaction scheme D of lignin hydroconversion, vol.8 ,
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10: Transformation of methoxy-substituted phenols to alkylphenols ,
11: Conversion of the ferulic acid ester into 4-ethylphenol ,
12: Conversion of benzofurane entities into 2-ethylphenol ,
13: Reaction scheme for hydrodeoxygenation of alkylphenols ,
14: General depolymerization of lignin ,
15: Transformation of monomers in the liquid phase ,
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