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, Assignations écologiques d'espèces 7.3.1. Cas litigieux d'assignation d'espèces

. Nous, . Tsi-med, and . Le-foram, AMBI sur deux zones d'études très distinctes. Les côtes méditerranéennes françaises (Chapitre 5), où l'enrichissement en matière organique, qu'il soit d'origine naturelle ou anthropique, est diffus, et un site de rejet ponctuel d'une station d'épuration sur les côtes israéliennes

, Perspectives : apport des traits fonctionnels

. Poff, Ces traits fonctionnels peuvent être le micro-habitat, le régime alimentaire, l'étendue de tolérance au taux d'oxygène, etc. Ces caractères peuvent être liés à une pression ou non. Le gain, la perte ou les modifications de ces fonctions sont indicateurs de la communauté seule, 2006.

, Dans une optique de simplification, l'assignation des espèces aux EG se fait sur un trait fonctionnel particulier, la tolérance aux enrichissements en matière organique

. Cependant-;-jorissen, Leptohalysis scotti et Caronia silvestrii réagissent fortement et positivement aux enrichissements en matière organique, correspondant à un fort opportunisme. Cependant, Caronia silvestrii semble beaucoup plus tolérante à de faibles concentrations en oxygène que Leptohalysis scotti. Si l'on se réfère au modèle TROX, les deux paramètres principaux qui expliquent la micro-distribution des foraminifères dans le sédiment sont la matière organique et l'oxygène, Jorissen, 1995.

. D'autre-part-;-risgaard-petersen, ces dernières années, des études se focalisant sur le métabolisme des foraminifères ont permis de mettre en évidence des capacités spécifiques à certaines espèces de foraminifères. Par exemple, plusieurs espèces sont capables de dénitrifier afin de vivre dans des conditions anoxiques, 2006.

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, Planche 1 : 1) Ammodiscus planus, 2) Glomospira charoides, 3) Glomospira gordialis, 4) Glomospira sp. 1, 5) Ammoscalaria pseudospiralis, 6) Ammoscalaria sp. 1, 7) Ammoscalaria sp. 2, 8) Bigenerina nodosaria, 9) Clavulina cylindrica, 10) Lagenammina atlantica, 11) Eggerelloides scaber, 12) Lagenammina difflugiformis, échelle = 100 µm Planche 2 : 1) Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis, 2) Haplophragmoides canariensis, 3) Recurvoides sp. 1, 4) Tritaxis sp., 5) Trochammina sp., 6) Trochamminula sp., 7) Leptohalysis scotti, 8) Nouria cf. polymorphinoides, 9) Nouria polymorphinoides, 10) Deuterammina sp

, Reophax micaceus, 5) Reophax scorpiurus, 6) Reophax sp. 1, 7) Reophax subfusiformis, 8) Siphotextularia concava, 9) Textularia agglutinans, 10) Textularia truncata, 11) Textularia conica, 12) Textularia sagittula, échelle = 100 µm Planche 4 : 1) Ammonia beccarii, 2) Pseudoeponides falsobeccarii, 3) Ammonia perlucida, 4) Ammonia tepida, 5) Asterigerinata mamilla, 6) Buccella granulata, 7) Gavelinopsis praegeri, 8) Neoconorbina terquemi, échelle = 100 µm Planche 5 : 1) Gyroidina umbonata, 2) Gyroidina sp. 1, 3) Planorbulina mediterranensis, 4) Spirillina vivipara, échelle = 100 µm, sauf 2b = 20 µm Planche 6 : 1) Cancris auriculus, 2) Valvulineria bradyana, 3) Cibicides lobatulus, 4) Cibicides refulgens, 5) Hanzawaia boueana, 6) Rosalina vilardebouana, 7) Rosalina bradyi, 8) Rosalina globularis, 9) Stomatorbina concentrica, échelle = 100 µm Planche 7 : 1) Elphidium advenum, 2) Elphidium crispum, 3) Elphidium granosum, 4) Elphidium incertum, 5) Elphidium macellum, 6) Elphidium poeyanum, 7) Nonion depressulum, 8) Nonion scaphum, 9) Astrononion stelligerum, 10) Melonis barleeanus, 11) Cassidulina oblonga, 12) Nonionella turgida, 13) Nonionella stella, échelle = 100 µm Planche 8 : 1) Bolivina dilatata, 2) Bolivina pseudoplicata, 3) Bolivina pygmea, 4) Bolivina spathulata, 5) Bolivina subaenariensis, 6) Bulimina aculeata, 7) Bulimina elongata, 8) Bulimina gibba, 9) Bulimina costata, 10) Reussella spinulosa, 11) Rectuvigerina phlegeri, 12) Robertinoides bradyi

, Lenticulina peregrina, 8) Amphicoryna scalaris, 9) Oolina acuticosta, 10) Astacolus insolitus ; 11) Globobulimina affinis, 12) Lagena hexagona, 13) Lagena striata, 14) Lagena semistriata, 15) Lagena elongata, 16) Hyalinonetrion gracillimum, échelle = 100 µm, sauf 3b, 4b et 6b = 20 µm Planche 10 : 1) Adelosina elegans, 2) Adelosina ferussaci, 3) Adelosina longirostra, 4) Adelosina sp. 1, 5) Cornuspira foliacea, 6) Cornuspira involvens, 7) Lachlanella undulata, 8) Miliolinella subrotunda, 9) Pyrgo elongata, 10) Spiroloculina elevata, 11) Spiroloculina excavata, échelle = 100 µm Planche 11 : 1) Quinqueloculina aspera f. aspera, 2) Quinqueloculina aspera f. quadrata, 3) Quinqueloculina aspera f. rugosa, 4) Quinqueloculina aspera f. berthelotiana, 5) Quinqueloculina bosciana, 6) Quinqueloculina cf. bosciana, 7) Quinqueloculina stelligera, 8) Quinqueloculina laevigata, 9) Quinqueloculina cf. laevigata, échelle = 100 µm Planche 12 : 1) Quinqueloculina costata f. lucida, 2), ) Dentalina bradyensis, 2) Dentalina subsoluta, 3) Dentalina sp., 4) Nodosaria sp., 5) Pyramidulina catesbyi, 6) Glandulina sp., 7), vol.9

, Triloculina oblonga, 7) Triloculina trigonula, 8) Sigmoilina grata, 9) Sigmoilina sp. 2, 10) Sigmoilinita sp. 1, échelle = 100 µm

C. .. Commons,

. .. Remerciements,

. .. Sommaire,

.. .. Directive-cadre-sur-l'eau,

. .. Mer-méditerranée,

. .. Références,

, Chapitre 2 : An optimised method to concentrate living (Rose Bengal-stained) benthic foraminifera from sandy sediments by high density liquids, p.21

. .. Abstract,

, 3.4. Recovery of specific groups of foraminifera

. .. Discussion, Impact of density separation on the composition of the foraminiferal faunas and on biotic indices

. .. Acknowledgements,

. .. References,

. .. Appendices, A: State of the art of density separation methods

, Appendix 2.B: Sediment particle characteristics

, Appendix 2.C: Recovery rates (%) in the floated fraction for specific groups of foraminiferal species and sediment according to the separation solution and its density

, Appendix 2.D: Complete census of foraminifera

, Appendix 2.E: Type of samples and separation solutions used in the literature for density separation on foraminifera

, Appendix 2.F: Literature data: recovery rates (%) in the floated fraction for foraminifera in the total samples according to the separation solution and its density

. .. , New insights in environmental quality assessment by combining benthic foraminiferal community studies and grain size analysis, Chapitre, vol.3, p.61

. .. Abstract, Treatment of the different sediment fractions

D. .. Results, 75 3.3.2.1. Organic matter content: correction for production of ash during the loss on ignition

, Individual grain size distribution of the three sediment components

, 3.4. Utilisation of GSA data in biotic indices: how to correct for the natural trophic status?

. .. References,

, Comparison of four foraminiferal indices assessing the environmental quality of coastal Mediterranean soft bottom environments, Chapitre, vol.4

. .. Abstract, Biotic indices based on group of indicator species

D. .. Results, 3.2.2. Comparing the indices using original species assignments

, Testing the indices with the same list of indicator species for all indices

. .. , 108 4.3.3. Corrections for the natural trophic state

. .. References,

. .. Appendices,

. .. , B: Species assignment for the biotic indices based on groups of indicator species (TSI-Med, Foram-AMBI, and FSI), p.121

, Évaluation de la qualité environnementale des substrats meubles de la côte méditerranéenne française par les faunes de foraminifères benthiques, Chapitre, vol.5

. .. Résumé,

, 3.3. Répartition des espèces sensibles et tolérantes à l'enrichissement en matière organique

. Tsi-med and D. De-mesure, , 2015.

, 154 5.4.1. Communautés des foraminifères benthiques et leurs milieux de vie

, Stations montrant une augmentation des valeurs de TSI-Med au cours du temps

, Stations montrant une diminution des valeurs de TSI-Med au cours du temps

, Variations des valeurs de TSI-Med variables sans tendance temporelle claire

. .. Comparaison-avec-le-foram-ambi,

. .. Références,

. .. Appendices, A : Paramètres environnementaux principaux pour chaque station

, Appendice 5.B : Paramètres faunistiques des stations échantillonnées

, Appendice 5.C : Information complémentaires sur l'évolution de la qualité écologique de certaines stations

, D : Pour chaque station sont indiqué les changements maximums de position géographique et de profondeur entre les années, l'hétérogénéité spatiale, les tendances suivies par le changement d'EQS entre les années et les causes des variations de la qualité écologique pour chaque station

, Appendice 5.E : Abondances relatives d'Eggerelloides scaber et Reophax fusiformis pour chaque station

, Testing two biotic indices based on living (Rose Bengal-stained) benthic foraminiferal communities along a well-defined organic matter gradient in the eastern Mediterranean, Chapitre, vol.6

. .. Abstract, 2.2. Sampling and treatment of the foraminiferal faunas

, Previous studies on foraminifera and on macrofauna in the study area

, Foraminiferal successions along the organic enrichment gradient

C. Scotti and .. .. ,

, Correction for natural eutrophic conditions

. .. References,

. .. Appendix, A: Information on the sampled stations

. .. Synthèse, Chapitre

, 2.2. Indices biotiques basés sur les groupes écologiques : mode de prise en compte de ces groupes écologiques

, Perspectives : définition des limites entre les EQS

. .. Assignations-Écologiques-d'espèces, 4.1. Estimation de l'état trophique naturel par l'analyse de la granulométrie du sédiment

. .. Foram-ambi, 6.2. Perspectives : les conditions naturelles du milieu : l'apport potentiel de l'étude des faunes préservées dans les archives sédimentaires, Perspectives : diffusion des indices : TSI-Med

. .. Références,