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R. Justificatif, Elles sont souvent responsables d'infections pulmonaires et cutanées. En Côte d'Ivoire, le seul agent étiologique reconnu responsable des ulcérations est Mycobacterium ulcerans, responsable de l'Ulcère de Buruli. C'est un véritable problème de santé publique avec environ 2000 cas notifiés par an selon l`OMS. Il existe très peu d'informations sur la présence des Mycobactéries environnementales en Côte d`Ivoire. Objectifs : Caractériser les Mycobactéries environnementales ulcératives probables dans des zones endémiques en Côte d`Ivoire. De façon spécifique, il s'agissait de, Le milieu naturel est considéré comme une source potentielle de Mycobactéries non-tuberculeuses (MNT)

, Déterminer les paramètres physico-chimiques de ces zones susceptibles d`influencer la présence des Mycobactéries

, Le matériel biologique était constitué d'échantillons d'eaux et de sédiments. Méthodes : Les techniques de bactériologie classique et de biochimie ont été utilisées pour la culture et l'identification des espèces, les tests de biologie moléculaire pour le typage moléculaire, la photométrie pour le dosage des nutriments dans l'eau, la spectrophotométrie et la colorimétrie ont été utilisés pour le dosage des nutriments dans les sédiments, Résultats : Un total de 473 échantillons a été obtenu dans cette étude. Au total, 7 espèces à croissance rapide ont été identifiées. Ce sont : M. peregrinum, M. smegmatis, M. immunogenicum, M. chelonae, M. mucogenicum, M. abscessus, et Mycobacterium sp, vol.9

, Conclusion : Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de Mycobactéries à croissance rapide potentiellement pathogènes possédant des gènes de virulence attribuée auparavant à M. ulcerans, responsable de l'Ulcère de Buruli. Elle confirme également le rôle de l'eau et des sédiments en tant que facteur de risque de contamination pour la population vulnérable aux mycobactérioses. Cette étude serait la première étape pour comprendre l'origine des différentes infections cutanées rencontrées en Côte d`Ivoire. Mots clefs : Mycobactéries, eaux, sédiments, mycobactérioses, Au niveau des analyses génétiques utilisant les MIRU/VNTR, le MIRU 1 a été la séquence la plus amplifiée, et le LOCUS 6 le moins amplifié, aucun profil connu n`a été identifié dans cette étude