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E. Descente, Résumé Il est bien établi chez les physiologistes, que si l'exercice de course en montée sollicite préférentiellement des contractions musculaires concentriques, l'exercice de course en descente requiert des actions musculaires frénatrices, majoritairement excentriques. L'exercice de course en descente à intensité sous-maximale génère un stimulus mécanique plus important pour un niveau de sollicitation métabolique moindre (i.e., V?2)

, Lorsque les courses en descente et montée sont réalisées à même intensité métabolique (70% V?2max), notre 2 ème (B) étude démontre que la course en descente (19 km·h -1 , pente de -15%) induit des réponses cardiorespiratoires supérieures (FC et V?), une composante lente de V?2 significative et engendre une fatigue supérieure à la course en montée, Lors de tests incrémentaux maximaux en course en descente vs montée vs plat

. Enfin, Nos résultats améliorent notre compréhension de la physiologie spécifique à la course en descente vs montée et ouvrent la voie des applications à l'entraînement des traileurs avec le but ultime d'optimiser leur performance. Mots clés : consommation d'O2, tapis de course incliné, ventilation pulmonaire, fréquence cardiaque, excentrique Abstract It is admitted that uphill running mostly elicits concentric muscle actions whereas downhill running requires braking muscle actions inducing preferentially eccentric muscle action. Consequently, high running speed can be achieved in downhill (i.e., a high level of mechanical stress), despite low metabolic demands (i.e., low metabolic power), une étude de terrain (étude 3) montre que les performances de 5 km de course en montée et en descente partagent quelques prédicteurs physiologiques communs (V?2max, force musculaire des membres inférieurs), bien que dans des proportions différentes

, During maximal incremental downhill vs uphill and level running, our study 2 part A demonstrates that well-trained endurance athletes, accustomed to downhill running, can reach maximal heart rate but not V?2max in downhill running. When downhill and uphill running are performed at similar metabolic demand (70% V?2max), our study 2 part B demonstrates that downhill running (19 km·h -1 , -15% slope) elicits greater cardiorespiratory responses (HR and V?), a significant V?2 slow component and exacerbates muscle fatigue compared to uphill running

. Finally, ) shows that 5-km downhill vs uphill running performances share some physiological predictors (V?2max, lower limb muscle strength) although in different proportions. In addition, this study also demonstrates that both time-trial performances are also determined by specific physiological predictors (i.e., musculotendinous stiffness for downhill and body mass index for uphill running)

, All in all, our results further our understanding of the specific physiology of downhill vs uphill running and open the way to training applications in trail runners with the ultimate goal to optimize trail running performance. Keywords: oxygen uptake, inclined treadmill, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate