A European aerosol phenomenology -3: Physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60 rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe, Atmospheric Environment, vol.44, pp.1308-1320, 2010. ,
Aerosols and their Relation to Global Climate and Climate Sensitivity, Nature Education, pp.1-11, 2015. ,
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.40, pp.27-67, 2006. ,
Strong present-day aerosol cooling implies a hot future, Nature, vol.435, pp.1187-1190, 2005. ,
Atmospheric aerosols: Composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angewandte Chemie -International Edition, vol.44, pp.7520-7540, 2005. ,
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth-Science Reviews, vol.89, pp.13-41, 2008. ,
Albedo of soot-contaminated snow, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.88, p.10837, 1983. ,
Impurities in Snow: Effects on Albedo and Snowmelt (Review), Annals of Glaciology, vol.5, pp.177-179, 1984. ,
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, pp.423-428, 2004. ,
Black-carbon reduction of snow albedo, Nature Climate Change, vol.2, pp.437-440, 2012. ,
Direct observations of aerosols attached to falling snow crystals, Tellus, vol.31, pp.102-114, 1979. ,
Identification of Nuclei and Concentrations of Chemical Species in Snow Crystals Sampled at the South Pole, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.33, pp.833-841, 1976. ,
Experimental investigation of optical snow properties, Annals of Glaciology, vol.17, pp.281-287, 1993. ,
A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.106, pp.23947-23963, 2001. ,
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.112, p.11202, 2007. ,
Industrial characteristics, environmental regulations and air pollution: An analysis of the UK manufacturing sector, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.50, pp.121-143, 2005. ,
21st century guidebook to fungi, Choice Reviews Online, vol.49, pp.49-3854, 2012. ,
Health effects of black carbon, 2012. ,
Health effects of transport-related air pollution. World Health Organization Europe, 2005. ,
Hazardous components and health effects of atmospheric aerosol particles: Reactive oxygen species, soot, polycyclic aromatic compounds and allergenic proteins, Free Radical Research, vol.46, pp.927-939, 2012. ,
Carbon black and soot: Two different substances, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, vol.62, issue.2, pp.218-228, 2001. ,
Carbon black vs. black carbon and other airborne materials containing elemental carbon: Physical and chemical distinctions, Environmental Pollution, vol.181, pp.271-286, 2013. ,
Carbon Black, pp.429-454, 2012. ,
Particulate carbon from the gas phase, Carbon, vol.30, issue.3, pp.309-314, 1992. ,
The evolution of soot morphology in a laminar coflow diffusion flame of a surrogate for Jet A-1, Combustion and Flame, vol.160, issue.10, pp.2119-2130, 2013. ,
The core-shell internal nanostructure of soot -A criterion to model soot maturity, Carbon, vol.100, pp.508-536, 2016. ,
Kinetic modeling of particle size distribution of soot in a premixed burner-stabilized stagnation ethylene flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.162, issue.9, pp.3356-3369, 2015. ,
The spectroscopic characterisation of UV absorbing nanoparticles in fuel rich soot forming flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.29, issue.4, pp.397-409, 1998. ,
Combustion-formed nanoparticles, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.593-613, 2009. ,
Effect of fuel/air ratio and aromaticity on sooting behavior of premixed heptane flames, Energy and Fuels, vol.21, issue.5, pp.2655-2662, 2007. ,
Characterization of combustion-generated carbonaceous nanoparticles by size-dependent ultraviolet laser photoionization, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.117, issue.19, pp.3980-3989, 2013. ,
Morphology of Flame-Generated Soot As Determined by Thermophoretic Sampling, Langmuir, vol.3, pp.254-259, 1987. ,
Soot aerosol dynamics in a laminar ethylene diffusion flame, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.22, pp.353-362, 1989. ,
Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.41, pp.485-496, 2007. ,
Morphology of nascent soot in ethylene flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.1879-1886, 2015. ,
Formation of nascent soot and other condensed-phase materials in flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, issue.1, pp.41-67, 2011. ,
Micro-FTIR study of soot chemical composition -Evidence of aliphatic hydrocarbons on nascent soot surfaces, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.12, pp.5206-5218, 2010. ,
Size distribution and morphology of nascent soot in premixed ethylene flames with and without benzene doping, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, issue.1, pp.681-688, 2009. ,
Comparative study of the soot formation process in a "nucleation" and a "sooting" low pressure premixed methane flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.184, pp.153-166, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02315800
Pyrene measurements in sooting low pressure methane flames by jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence, Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.115, issue.49, pp.14153-14162, 2011. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056604
Cloud condensation nuclei from the activation with ozone of soot particles sampled from a kerosene diffusion flame, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.52, issue.8, pp.814-827, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02333381
Studies of aromatic hydrocarbon formation mechanisms in flames: Progress towards closing the fuel gap, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.32, pp.247-294, 2006. ,
Mechanisms of soot nucleation in flames-A critical review, Combustion and Flame, vol.42, pp.215-242, 1981. ,
Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot-a review of chemical reaction pathways, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.26, pp.565-608, 2000. ,
Method of moments with interpolative closure, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.57, pp.2229-2239, 2002. ,
Detailed kinetic modeling of particulate formation in rich premixed flames of ethylene, Energy and Fuels, vol.22, pp.1610-1619, 2008. ,
Modeling Formation and Oxidation of Soot in Nonpremixed Flames, Energy & Fuels, vol.27, issue.4, pp.2303-2315, 2013. ,
Dehydrogenation and growth of soot in premixed flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.1803-1809, 2015. ,
An examination of soot composition in premixed hydrocarbon flames via laser ablation particle mass spectrometry, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.40, pp.844-857, 2009. ,
Measurement of the dimensionless extinction coefficient of soot within laminar diffusion flames, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.50, issue.7-8, pp.1616-1630, 2007. ,
Molecular characterization of organic content of soot along the centerline of a coflow diffusion flame, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.16, pp.25862-25875, 2014. ,
Infrared analysis of flame-generated PAH samples, Combustion and Flame, vol.105, pp.161-166, 1996. ,
Probing structures of soot formed in premixed flames of methane, ethylene and benzene, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.34, pp.1885-1892, 2013. ,
The effect of temperature on the condensed phases formed in fuel-rich premixed benzene flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.159, pp.2233-2242, 2012. ,
Structure-property relationship in nanostructures of young and mature soot in premixed flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, issue.1, pp.697-704, 2009. ,
Near-threshold photoionization mass spectra of combustion-generated high-molecular-weight soot precursors, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.58, pp.86-102, 2013. ,
Aerosol dynamic processes of soot aggregates in a laminar ethene diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.92, pp.320-333, 1993. ,
Aircraft engine particulate matter: Macro-microand nanostructure by HRTEM and chemistry by XPS, Combustion and Flame, vol.161, pp.602-611, 2014. ,
Particle aggregation with simultaneous surface growth, Physical Review E -Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, vol.67, p.11, 2003. ,
Monte Carlo simulation of soot aggregation with simultaneous surface growth -Why primary particles appear spherical, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.27, pp.1507-1514, 1998. ,
On the relative contribution of acetylene and aromatics to soot particle surface growth, Combustion and Flame, vol.112, pp.270-274, 1998. ,
, Reactions between Resonance-Stabilized Radicals: Propargyl + Allyl, vol.114, pp.4881-4890, 2010.
Formation of Naphthalene, Indene, and Benzene from Cyclopentadiene Pyrolysis: A DFT Study, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.110, pp.4719-4725, 2006. ,
Oxidation of soot by hydroxyl radicals, Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.71, issue.3, pp.593-597, 1967. ,
High temperature oxidation of suspended soot particles verified by CO and CO2 measurements, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.23, pp.1485-1491, 1991. ,
Studies of soot oxidation and fragmentation in a two-stage burner under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, pp.659-666, 2011. ,
Soot oxidation: Dependence upon initial nanostructure, Combustion and Flame, vol.134, pp.1-9, 2003. ,
The oxidation of soot: A review of experiments, mechanisms and models, Carbon, vol.39, pp.2247-2268, 2001. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01844750
Effect of oxidation on the physical structure of soot, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.20, issue.1, pp.951-957, 1985. ,
Mechanisms of formation and destruction of soot particles in a laminar methane-air diffusion flame, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.21, pp.1023-1031, 1988. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689200
The Morphology of Macroscopic Soot, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.25, pp.328-337, 1996. ,
Fractal Morphology Analysis of Combustion-Generated Aggregates Using Angular Light Scattering and Electron Microscope Images, Langmuir, vol.11, pp.4848-4854, 1995. ,
An analysis of direct-injection sparkignition (DISI) soot morphology, Atmospheric Environment, vol.49, pp.268-274, 2012. ,
On evolution of particle size distribution functions of incipient soot in premixed ethylene-oxygen-argon flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.154, issue.4, pp.775-788, 2008. ,
Mobility size distributions of soot in premixed propene flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.172, pp.365-373, 2016. ,
Fractal and projected structure properties of soot aggregates, Combustion and Flame, vol.100, pp.621-633, 1995. ,
Combined optical and TEM investigations for a detailed characterization of soot aggregate properties in a laminar coflow diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.164, pp.373-385, 2016. ,
Simultaneous Measurement of Soot Mass Concentration and Primary Particle Size in the Exhaust of a DI Diesel Engine by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence ( TIRE-LII ), SAE Technical Paper, 1999. ,
Size and morphology of soot particulates sampled from a turbulent nonpremixed acetylene flame, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.38, issue.10, pp.1009-1018, 2004. ,
Assessment of soot particlesize imaging with LII at Diesel engine conditions, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.119, pp.765-776, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01176511
Transmission electron microscopical and aerosol dynamical characterization of soot aerosols, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.34, pp.1347-1370, 2003. ,
Can soot primary particle size be determined using laser-induced incandescence?, Combustion and Flame, vol.116, issue.1-2, pp.291-296, 1999. ,
Fractal Morphology Analysis of Combustion-Generated Aggregates Using Angular Light Scattering and Electron Microscope Images, Langmuir, vol.11, issue.12, pp.4848-4854, 1995. ,
Multi-diagnostic soot measurements in a laminar diffusion flame to assess the ISF database consistency, International Symposium on Combustion, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856558
Influence of spatial laser energy distribution on evaluated soot particle sizes using two-colour laser-induced incandescence in a flat premixed ethylene/air flame, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.96, issue.4, pp.645-656, 2009. ,
Size distributions of nanoscaled particles and gas temperatures from time-resolved laser-induced-incandescence measurements, Applied Optics, vol.42, issue.12, p.2021, 2003. ,
Pressure dependence of primary soot particle size determined using thermophoretic sampling in laminar methane-air diffusion flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.36, pp.975-984, 2017. ,
Optical soot characterization using two-color laser-induced incandescence (2C-LII) in the soot growth region of a premixed flat flame, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, pp.641-648, 2011. ,
Determination of small soot particles in the presence of large ones from time-resolved laser-induced incandescence, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.118, pp.169-183, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121150
Effects of gas and soot radiation on soot formation in a coflow laminar ethylene diffusion flame, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.73, issue.2-5, pp.409-421, 2002. ,
A joint volume-surface model of soot aggregation with the method of moments, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.785-792, 2009. ,
Wide-angle light scattering (WALS) for soot aggregate characterization, Combustion and Flame, vol.157, pp.516-522, 2010. ,
Measurement of aggregates' size distribution by angular light scattering, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.126, pp.140-149, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01613297
Combined soot optical characterization using 2-D multi-angle light scattering and spectrally resolved line-of-sight attenuation and its implication on soot color-ratio pyrometry, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.117, pp.287-303, 2014. ,
Single-shot measurement of soot aggregate sizes by wideangle light scattering (WALS), Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.106, issue.1, pp.171-183, 2012. ,
Aerosol classification by electric mobility: apparatus, theory, and applications, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.6, pp.443-451, 1975. ,
Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.13, pp.230-240, 1990. ,
A comparative study of nanoparticles in premixed flames by scanning mobility particle sizer, small angle neutron scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.31, issue.1, pp.851-860, 2007. ,
Mobility size and mass of nascent soot particles in a benchmark premixed ethylene flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.162, pp.3810-3822, 2015. ,
The mobility of fractal aggregates: A review, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.45, issue.7, pp.755-769, 2011. ,
A discretized population balance for continuous systems at steady state, AIChE Journal, vol.36, pp.106-116, 1990. ,
A discrete-sectional model for particulate production by gasphase chemical reaction and aerosol coagulation in the free-molecular regime, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.139, pp.63-86, 1990. ,
Measurement and numerical simulation of soot particle size distribution functions in a laminar premixed ethyleneoxygen-argon flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.133, pp.173-188, 2003. ,
Detailed modeling of PAH and soot formation in a laminar premixed benzene/oxygen/argon low-pressure flame, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.30, pp.1397-1405, 2005. ,
Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Inception and Surface Growth during the Pyrolysis of C 6 H 6 behind Shock Waves, Energy & Fuels, vol.20, pp.547-559, 2006. ,
Solution of PBE by MOM in finite size domains, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.63, pp.2624-2640, 2008. ,
Monte-Carlo simulation of soot particle coagulation and aggregation: The effect of a realistic size distribution, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.30, pp.1467-1474, 2005. ,
Numerical simulations of soot aggregation in premixed laminar flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.31, pp.693-700, 2007. ,
Modelling soot formation in a DISI engine, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, pp.3159-3167, 2011. ,
A stochastic approach to calculate the particle size distribution function of soot particles in laminar premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.133, pp.289-298, 2003. ,
Hybrid Method of Moments for modeling soot formation and growth, Combustion and Flame, vol.156, pp.1143-1155, 2009. ,
Conditional quadrature method of moments for kinetic equations, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.230, issue.22, pp.8216-8246, 2011. ,
An extended quadrature method of moments for population balance equations, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.51, pp.1-23, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00726736
Analyzing the effects of temperature on soot formation with a joint volume-surface-hydrogen model, Combustion and Flame, vol.156, pp.1614-1626, 2009. ,
A Joint Volume-Surface-Hydrogen Multi-variate Model for Soot Formation, pp.1-4, 2009. ,
Modeling soot formation in premixed flames using an Extended Conditional Quadrature Method of Moments, Combustion and Flame, vol.162, pp.2529-2543, 2015. ,
Detailed particle nucleation modeling in a sooting ethylene flame using a Conditional Quadrature Method of Moments (CQMOM), Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.36, pp.771-779, 2017. ,
Investigation of soot formation in turbulent flames with a pseudobivariate population balance model, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.64, issue.2, pp.294-303, 2009. ,
Experimental and numerical study of the evolution of soot primary particles in a diffusion flame, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.37, pp.2047-2055, 2019. ,
A web-based interface for modeling laser-induced incandescence (LIISim), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol.211, p.26, 2006. ,
Effects of primary particle diameter and aggregate size distribution on the temperature of soot particles heated by pulsed lasers, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.93, issue.1-3, pp.301-312, 2005. ,
Influence of polydisperse distributions of both primary particle and aggregate sizes on soot temperature in low-fluence laser-induced incandescence, Applied Physics B, vol.83, pp.383-395, 2006. ,
, International Sooting Flame (ISF) Workshop, 2016.
Kinetic Modeling Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Soot Formation in Acetylene Pyrolysis, Energy & Fuels, vol.28, pp.1489-1501, 2014. ,
Solution of population balance equations using the direct quadrature method of moments, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.36, pp.43-73, 2005. ,
Computational Models for Polydisperse Particulate and Multiphase Systems (Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering), 2013. ,
Aerosol dynamics modeling using the method of moments, Journal of Colloid And Interface Science, vol.118, issue.1, pp.252-261, 1987. ,
On surface growth mechanism of soot particles, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.26, pp.2285-2293, 1996. ,
Detailed modeling of soot particle nucleation and growth, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.23, pp.1559-1566, 1991. ,
Dynamic modeling of soot particle coagulation and aggregation: Implementation with the method of moments and application to high-pressure laminar premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.114, pp.484-501, 1998. ,
Detailed kinetic modeling of soot aggregate formation in laminar premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.140, pp.130-145, 2005. ,
Detailed kinetic modeling of soot formation in ethylene/air mixtures reacting in a perfectly stirred reactor, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.27, pp.1573-1580, 1998. ,
Quadrature method of moments for population-balance equations, AIChE Journal, vol.49, pp.1266-1276, 2003. ,
An extended quadrature-based moment method with lognormal kernel density functions, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.131, pp.323-339, 2015. ,
Development of High Fidelity Soot Aerosol Dynamics Models using Method of Moments with Interpolative Closure, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.48, pp.379-391, 2014. ,
Modeling the oxidation-induced fragmentation of soot aggregates in laminar flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, pp.667-674, 2011. ,
A Hybrid Newton/Time Integration Approach Coupled to Soot Moment Methods for Modeling Soot Formation and Growth in Perfectly-Stirred Reactors, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.188, issue.8, pp.1262-1282, 2016. ,
Hydrodynamic and chemical effects of hydrogen addition on soot evolution in turbulent nonpremixed bluff body ethylene flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.36, pp.807-814, 2017. ,
The Role of Recirculation Zones in Soot Formation in Aircraft Combustors, Volume 4B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions, pp.4-04, 2018. ,
Large-Eddy simulation and detailed modeling of soot evolution in a model aero engine combustor, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, pp.1-10, 2017. ,
The Coagulation of Soot Particles with van der Waals Forces, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.59, pp.443-454, 1988. ,
A picture of soot particle inception, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.22, pp.333-342, 1989. ,
A novel fixed-sectional model for the formation and growth of aerosol agglomerates, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.35, pp.1385-1404, 2004. ,
Soot formation in laminar diffusion flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.143, issue.4, pp.613-628, 2005. ,
Distributed-memory parallel computation of a forced, time-dependent, sooting, ethylene/air coflow diffusion flame, Combustion Theory and Modelling, vol.13, pp.795-822, 2009. ,
On the solution of population balance equations by discretizationI. A fixed pivot technique, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.51, pp.1311-1332, 1996. ,
Simulation of multicomponent aerosol condensation by the moving sectional method, Journal of Colloid And Interface Science, vol.135, pp.185-199, 1990. ,
An aerosol model to predict size and structure of soot particles, Combustion Theory and Modelling, vol.9, issue.3, pp.499-513, 2005. ,
Models for the aggregate structure of soot particles, Combustion and Flame, vol.151, pp.160-172, 2007. ,
Implementation of an advanced fixed sectional aerosol dynamics model with soot aggregate formation in a laminar methane/air coflow diffusion flame, Combustion Theory and Modelling, vol.12, pp.621-641, 2008. ,
Size distribution change of titania nano-particle agglomerates generated by gas phase reaction, agglomeration, and sintering, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.35, pp.929-947, 2001. ,
Coupling an LES approach and a soot sectional model for the study of sooting turbulent non-premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.190, pp.477-499, 2018. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01718624
Simultaneous Particle and Molecule Modeling (SPAMM): An Approach for Combining Sectional Aerosol Equations and Elementary Gas-Phase Reactions, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.27, pp.73-94, 1997. ,
Soot predictions in premixed and nonpremixed laminar flames using a sectional approach for PAHs and soot, Combustion and Flame, vol.159, issue.1, pp.181-193, 2012. ,
An Advanced Multi-Sectional Method for Particulate Matter Modeling in Flames, Green Energy and Technology, pp.363-388, 2013. ,
Further experimental and modelling evidences of soot fragmentation in flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.1779-1786, 2015. ,
Computational and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in a Coflow, Laminar Diffusion Flame, Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion/The Combustion Institute, vol.117, pp.1459-1505, 1998. ,
Computational and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in a Coflow, Laminar Diffusion Flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.117, pp.117-139, 1999. ,
Investigation of the transition from lightly sooting towards heavily sooting co-flow ethylene diffusion flames, Combustion Theory and Modelling, vol.8, issue.3, pp.593-606, 2004. ,
The impact of detailed multicomponent transport and thermal diffusion effects on soot formation in ethylene/air flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.1165-1172, 2009. ,
Computational and experimental investigation of the interaction of soot and NO in coflow diffusion flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, issue.1, pp.777-784, 2009. ,
Application of an enhanced PAH growth model to soot formation in a laminar coflow ethylene/air diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.158, issue.9, pp.1682-1695, 2011. ,
The Transport and Growth of Soot Particles in Laminar Diffusion Flames, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.53, pp.89-115, 1987. ,
A numerical study of soot aggregate formation in a laminar coflow diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.156, issue.3, pp.697-705, 2009. ,
Modeling of soot aggregate formation and size distribution in a laminar ethylene/air coflow diffusion flame with detailed PAH chemistry and an advanced sectional aerosol dynamics model, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.761-768, 2009. ,
A comparison of Raman signatures and laser-induced incandescence with direct numerical simulation of soot growth in non-premixed ethylene/air flames, Carbon, vol.49, issue.15, pp.5298-5311, 2011. ,
Detailed modelling of soot oxidation by O2 and OH in laminar diffusion flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.1903-1910, 2015. ,
Soot particle measurements in diffusion flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.51, pp.203-218, 1983. ,
A soot particle surface reactivity model applied to a wide range of laminar ethylene/air flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.161, pp.3191-3200, 2015. ,
Laser-induced incandescence measurements of soot production in steady and flickering methane, propane, and ethylene diffusion flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.107, pp.418-452, 1996. ,
Combustion-generated nanoparticles produced in a benzene flame: A multiscale approach, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.125, issue.5, 2006. ,
Coupling a stochastic soot population balance to gas-phase chemistry using operator splitting, Combustion and Flame, vol.148, issue.3, pp.158-176, 2007. ,
A post processing technique to predict primary particle size of sooting flames based on a chemical discrete sectional model : application to diluted coflow flames, pp.1-45, 2019. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02196708
Numerical modeling of laminar flames with detailed kinetics based on the operator-splitting method, Energy and Fuels, vol.27, issue.12, pp.7730-7753, 2013. ,
Smoke, Dust and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Behavior, Physics Today, vol.30, pp.58-59, 1977. ,
On the formation and early evolution of soot in turbulent nonpremixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.159, pp.317-335, 2012. ,
OpenSMOKE++: An object-oriented framework for the numerical modeling of reactive systems with detailed kinetic mechanisms, Computer Physics Communications, vol.192, pp.237-264, 2015. ,
Three-angle scattering/extinction versus TEM measurements on soot in premixed ethylene/air flame, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.102, pp.891-903, 2011. ,
Effect of hydrogen addition on soot formation in an ethylene/air premixed flame, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.106, pp.707-715, 2012. ,
Helium ion microscope: A new tool for nanoscale microscopy and metrology, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.24, p.2871, 2006. ,
Imaging Nanocarbon Materials: Soot Particles in Flames are Not Structurally Homogeneous, ChemPhysChem, vol.14, pp.3248-3254, 2013. ,
In-cylinder sizing of diesel particles by time-resolved laserinduced incandescence (TR-LII), Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.29, pp.2775-2782, 2002. ,
Laser-induced incandescence for soot particle size measurements in premixed flat flames, Applied Optics, vol.39, p.3683, 2000. ,
Understanding and predicting the temporal response of laser-induced incandescence from carbonaceous particles, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.118, issue.15, pp.7012-7045, 2003. ,
Determining aerosol particle size distributions using time-resolved laser-induced incandescence, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.87, issue.2, pp.363-372, 2007. ,
Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of n-butane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS, Aerosol Science and Technology, vol.51, issue.8, pp.916-935, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02336601
Determination of primary particle size distributions from time-resolved laser-induced incandescence measurements, Applied Optics, vol.43, issue.18, pp.3726-3731, 2004. ,
Experimental investigation of acoustic forcing on temperature, soot volume fraction and primary particle diameter in non-premixed laminar flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.181, pp.270-282, 2017. ,
Combustion generated fine carbonaceous particles, year =, Proceedings of an International Workshop held in VIlla Orlandi, p.538, 2007. ,
Study of the formation of soot and its precursors in flames using optical diagnostics, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.34, pp.1713-1738, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02315790
Detection of nanostructures and soot in laminar premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.176, pp.299-308, 2017. ,
Probing the smallest soot particles in low-sooting premixed flames using laser-induced incandescence, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.1843-1850, 2015. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02315797
Laser induced incandescence determination of the ratio of the soot absorption functions at 532 nm and 1064 nm in the nucleation zone of a low pressure premixed sooting flame, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.104, issue.2, pp.297-305, 2011. ,
Particle formation in opposed-flow diffusion flames of ethylene: An experimental and numerical study, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.793-801, 2009. ,
Detection of aromatic hydrocarbons and incipient particles in an opposed-flow flame of ethylene by spectral and time-resolved laser induced emission spectroscopy, Combustion and Flame, vol.159, pp.1663-1669, 2012. ,
Towards a more consistent validation of numerical modeling of primary particle diameters in sooting flames ,
Computational fluid dynamics validation using multiple interferometric views of a hypersonic flowfield, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol.33, pp.319-325, 1996. ,
Numerical Simulation of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging in Shock-Layer Flows, AIAA JOURNAL, vol.37, issue.6, 1999. ,
A paradigm shift in the interaction of experiments and computations in combustion research, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.32, pp.879-886, 2009. ,
Determination of the soot absorption function and thermal accommodation coefficient using low-fluence LII in a laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.136, pp.180-190, 2004. ,
Aerosol-particle sizes from light emission during excitation by TEA CO2laser pulses, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.45, issue.10, pp.4661-4662, 1974. ,
On the dependence of the laser-induced incandescence (LII) signal on soot volume fraction for variations in particle size, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.90, pp.109-125, 2008. ,
Transport phenomena in the rarefied gas transition regime, Chemical Engineering Science, vol.29, issue.2, pp.381-388, 1974. ,
Soot diagnostics based on laser heating, Applied Optics, vol.23, p.2201, 1984. ,
Laser-induced incandescence: Particulate diagnostics for combustion, atmospheric, and industrial applications, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.51, pp.2-48, 2015. ,
On the stationary charge distribution on aerosol particles in a bipolar ionic atmosphere, Geofisica Pura e Applicata, vol.56, pp.185-193, 1963. ,
The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation, 1969. ,
Energy transfer between an aerosol particle and gas at high temperature ratios in the Knudsen transition regime, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.43, pp.127-138, 2000. ,
On the discontinuity involved in diffusion across an interface (the delta of Fucks), Discussions of the Faraday Society, vol.30, pp.100-112, 1960. ,
Measurements of the evaporation and hygroscopic response of single fine-mode aerosol particles using a Bessel beam optical trap, vol.16, 2014. ,
CHEMKIN-III: A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas Phase Chemical and Plasma Kinetics, Sandia National Laboratories Report, 1996. ,
Modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot: A summary and comparison of LII models, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.87, pp.503-521, 2007. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618142
Real-Time Soot Concentration Measurement Technique for Engine Exhaust Streams, SAE Technical Paper Series, pp.33-45, 1993. ,
Thermodynamic properties of carbon up to the critical point, Carbon, vol.11, pp.555-563, 1973. ,
Clouds over soot evaporation: Errors in modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot, J Heat Trans-T Asme, vol.123, pp.814-818, 2001. ,
Determination of soot particle size using time-gated laser-induced incandescence images, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.123, p.96, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02331486
Laser-induced incandescence: recent trends and current questions, Applied Physics B, vol.83, pp.333-354, 2006. ,
Experimental study of the E(m, ?)/E(m, 1064) ratio as a function of wavelength, fuel type, height above the burner and temperature, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.116, issue.2, pp.313-323, 2014. ,
Investigation of optical properties of aging soot, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.104, pp.273-283, 2011. ,
Extinction and Scattering Properties of Soot Emitted From Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol.123, issue.2, p.331, 2001. ,
Spectrally Resolved Measurement of Flame Radiation to Determine Soot Temperature and Concentration, AIAA Journal, vol.40, pp.1789-1795, 2002. ,
Comparison of LII derived soot temperature measurements with LII model predictions for soot in a laminar diffusion flame, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.96, pp.657-669, 2009. ,
Two-color time-resolved LII applied to soot particle sizing in the cylinder of a Diesel engine, Combustion and Flame, vol.147, pp.79-92, 2006. ,
2D aggregate sizing by combining laser-induced incandescence (LII) and elastic light scattering (ELS), Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.96, pp.583-592, 2009. ,
Refractive indices of soot particles deduced from in-situ laser light scattering measurements, Combustion and Flame, vol.68, pp.283-294, 1987. ,
, 5th U.S. Combustion Meeting, 2007.
An automated light scattering system and a method for the i n s i t u measurement of the index of refraction of soot particles, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.58, pp.1638-1646, 1987. ,
Precursor formation and soot inception in premixed ethylene flames, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.24, pp.973-980, 1992. ,
Detection of extremely fine carbonaceous particles in the exhausts of diesel and spark-ignited internal combustion engines, by means of broad-band extinction and scattering spectroscopy in the ultraviolet band 190-400 NM, Symposium (International) on Combustion, vol.27, pp.2101-2109, 1998. ,
Spectroscopic characterisation of carbonaceous nanoparticles in premixed flames, Atmospheric Environment, vol.33, pp.2725-2732, 1999. ,
Coupled dipole calculation of extinction coefficient and polarization ratio for smoke agglomerates, Combustion and Flame, vol.119, pp.56-68, 1999. ,
Evidence and characterization of nanoparticles produced in nonsooting premixed flames, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.174, pp.377-398, 2002. ,
Determination of the Wavelength Dependence of Refractive Indices of Flame Soot, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.430, pp.577-591, 1990. ,
Single-shot, Time-Resolved planar Laser-Induced Incandescence (TiRe-LII) for soot primary particle sizing in flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.3673-3680, 2015. ,
Performance characteristics of soot primary particle size measurements by time-resolved laser-induced incandescence, Applied Optics, vol.37, issue.24, p.5647, 1998. ,
Soot temperature and volume fraction retrieval from spectrally resolved flame emission measurement in laminar axisymmetric coflow diffusion flames: Effect of self-absorption, Combustion and Flame, vol.160, pp.1693-1705, 2013. ,
Two-dimensional two-wavelength emission technique for soot diagnostics, Applied Optics, vol.40, p.5370, 2001. ,
Absolute light calibration using S-type thermocouples, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.34, pp.3531-3539, 2013. ,
Digital camera measurements of soot temperature and soot volume fraction in axisymmetric flames, Applied Optics, vol.52, p.8040, 2013. ,
Influence of the soot property uncertainties in temperature and volumefraction measurements by two-colour pyrometry, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.5, pp.1453-1465, 1994. ,
Soot and thin-filament pyrometry using a color digital camera, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.33, issue.1, pp.743-750, 2011. ,
Soot pyrometry using modulated absorption/emission, Combustion and Flame, vol.126, pp.1669-1679, 2001. ,
Particle size distribution of soot from a laminar/diffusion flame, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, vol.17, issue.8, pp.2095-2109, 2017. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02332034
Comparison of particle size measurements with laser-induced incandescence, mass spectroscopy, and scanning mobility particle sizing in a laminar premixed ethylene-air flame, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.181, issue.2, pp.329-349, 2009. ,
Soot maturity and absorption cross sections, Journal of Aerosol Science, vol.75, pp.43-64, 2014. ,
Quantum studies of H atom trapping on a graphite surface, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.122, issue.1, 2005. ,
Chemical dynamics at the gas-surface interface, Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.100, issue.31, pp.13021-13033, 1996. ,
Thermal accommodation coefficients between polyatomic gas molecules and soot in laserinduced incandescence experiments, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.52, pp.5081-5089, 2009. ,
A LEED and STM study of H(D) adsorption on C(0001) surfaces, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.395, issue.1-3, pp.171-176, 2004. ,
Adsorption of hydrogen and deuterium atoms on the (0001) graphite surface, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.117, issue.18, pp.8486-8492, 2002. ,
Particle size distribution function of incipient soot in laminar premixed ethylene flames: Effect of flame temperature, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.30, issue.1, pp.1441-1448, 2005. ,
How "flat" is the rich premixed flame produced by your McKenna burner?, Combustion and Flame, vol.153, pp.384-393, 2008. ,
Two-dimensional flow effects on soot formation in laminar premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.166, pp.113-124, 2016. ,
A model of particle nucleation in premixed ethylene flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.157, pp.2106-2115, 2010. ,
Soot characterization with laser-induced incandescence applied to a laminar premixed ethylene-air flame, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol.49, pp.1457-1467, 2010. ,
The influence of wavelength in extinction measurements and beam steering in laser-induced incandescence measurements in sooting flames, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.96, pp.683-694, 2009. ,
Investigation on thermal accommodation coefficient and soot absorption function with two-color Tire-LII technique in rich premixed flames, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, vol.104, issue.2, pp.357-366, 2011. ,
Numerical simulation and parametric sensitivity study of optical band gap in a laminar co-flow ethylene diffusion flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.167, pp.320-334, 2016. ,
Probe effects in soot sampling from a burner-stabilized stagnation flame, Combustion and Flame, vol.167, pp.184-197, 2016. ,
A wide range kinetic modeling study of pyrolysis and oxidation of benzene, Combustion and Flame, vol.160, pp.1168-1190, 2013. ,
Hierarchical and comparative kinetic modeling of laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.38, pp.468-501, 2012. ,
, Sooting Yale Coflow Diffusion Flames, 2016.
Thermophoresis: Moving particles with thermal gradients, Soft Matter, vol.4, issue.9, pp.1740-1744, 2008. ,
The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, American Journal of Physics, vol.30, issue.5, pp.389-389, 1962. ,
The flame preheating effect on numerical modelling of soot formation in a two-dimensional laminar ethylene-air diffusion flame, Combustion Theory and Modelling, vol.6, pp.173-187, 2002. ,
Experimental and kinetic modeling study of PAH formation in methane coflow diffusion flames doped with n-butanol, Combustion and Flame, vol.161, pp.657-670, 2014. ,
Experimental and kinetic modeling study of laminar coflow diffusion methane flames doped with 2-butanol, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.35, pp.863-871, 2015. ,
Kinetic modeling study of benzene and PAH formation in laminar methane flames, Combustion and Flame, vol.162, pp.1692-1711, 2015. ,
Experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study of PAH formation in laminar co-flow methane diffusion flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol.34, pp.1811-1818, 2013. ,
The formation of hydrogen in ethylene pyrolysis at 900 K, International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, pp.719-729 ,
The radiative source term for plane-parallel layers of reacting combustion gases, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.49, pp.517-523, 1993. ,
, , 2005.
Thermophoresis of particles in a heated boundary layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.101, p.737, 1980. ,
Thesis, Development of multiple optical diagnostics for soot and application to confined swirling premixed sooting flames under rich conditions, 2009. ,