P. K. Ahmed and M. Rafiq, Integrated benchmarking: a holistic examination of select techniques for benchmarking analysis, Benchmarking for Quality Management and Technology, vol.5, issue.3, pp.225-267, 1998.

J. Alston, The Benefits from Agricultural Research and Development, Innovation, and Productivity Growth, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, 2010.

J. M. Alston, G. Norton, and P. G. Pardy, Science Under Scarcity: Principles and Practices for Agricultural Research Evaluation and Priority Setting, 1995.

C. Ansell and A. Gash, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2007.

M. Asif, C. Searcy, A. Zutshi, and N. Ahmad, An integrated management systems approach to corporate sustainability, European Business Review, vol.23, issue.4, pp.353-367, 2011.

A. Government and -. , Australia and Food Security in a, Changing World Available, 2010.

A. F. Avila, G. S. Rodrigues, and G. L. Vedovoto, Avaliação dos impactos de tecnologias geradas pela Embrapa: metodologia de referência. Embrapa Informacao Tecnologica, 2008.

A. B. Bakker, W. B. Schaufeli, E. ;. Demerouti, and M. C. Euwema, An organisational and social psychological perspective on burnout and work engagement, 2005.

C. ;. Bantilan, D. Templeton, and E. Craswell, Concepts and Tools for Agricultural Research Evaluation and Impact Assessment -Report on Master Class on Impact Assessment International. Edited by Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2009.

J. Barbieri and . Carlos,

I. F. Vasconcelos and . Gouveia,

T. ;. Andreassi, F. Vasconcelos, and . Carvalho, Innovation and Sustainability: new models and propositions, RAE Sao Paulo, vol.50, issue.2, pp.146-154, 2010.

D. Barret, G. Blundo-canto, G. Faure, E. Hainzelin, C. Monier et al., , 2018.

I. Ex-ante, Une proposition de démarche pour construire ex ante les chemins de l'impact

D. Barret, D. Clavel, M. Dabat, G. Faure, S. Mathé et al., Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement -Cirad : Available at, 2015.

. Barros-de-mendonca, &. Savio, and A. Laques, Sustainability Impact Assessment -An Overview with a Holistic and Transdisciplinary Perspective towards Agricultural Research, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Journal -Macrothink Institute, vol.6, issue.2, 2017.

K. Bartholomew, A. J. Henderson, and J. E. Márcia, Coding semistructured interviews in social psychology research, Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology, pp.286-312, 2000.

H. A. Becker, Social impact assessment, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.128, pp.311-321, 2001.

H. A. Becker and F. Vanclay, The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment: conceptual and methodological advances, 2003.

L. V. Bertalanffy, General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications, 1968.

T. A. Birkland, An Introduction to the Policy Process -theories, concepts, and models of policy public making, 2016.

T. Bradberry, 11 Signs That You Lack Emotional Intelligence. Tallentsmart, Newsletter Articles, 2018.

. Brian, . Belcher, and M. Palenberg, Outcomes and Impacts of Development Interventions:Toward Conceptual Clarity, American Journal of Evaluation, pp.1-18, 2018.

, Sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav

J. Brooks and M. Brooks, The case for the constructivist classrooms, p. vii, 1993.

W. Buckley, A sociologia e a moderna teoria dos sistemas, Trad. O. Cajado), vol.2, pp.9-68, 1976.

A. G. Calbo, C. Pusinhol, and . Cesar, Pre-MK: Tecnologias, seus gêneros e seus trunfos. Embrapa Instrumentacao, 1ª edição, 2017.

J. L. Caon, Da existência analfabética à existência analfabetizada, Revista do GEEMPA, vol.6, pp.37-70, 1998.

A. Carmeli and . Ravit,

J. Weisberg, Self-leadership skills and innovative behavior at work, International Journal of Manpower, vol.27, issue.1, pp.75-90, 2006.

, Lei nº 12.651, de 25 de maio de 2012 -Dispoe sobre a protecao da vegetação nativa. Available at: www, 2012.

M. Cato and . Scott, Green Economics, pp.36-37, 2009.

, Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement -Cirad, Vision stratégique et ambitions du Cirad 2018-2028. Available at: www.cirad.fr/.../Vision-strategique2018-2028, 2017.

, Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement -Cirad, 2015.

, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement -Cirad, 2016.

M. Chahal, The new era of leadership: the management styles unlocking unique ways of thinking. Marketing Week, 2016.

H. W. Chesbrough, J. West, and W. Vanhaverbeke, Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm, 2006.

C. M. Christensen, M. E. Raynor, and R. Mcdonald, What is disruptive innovation?, Harvard Business Review, 2015.

E. Cohen and S. Lloyd, Disciplinary evolution and the rise of the transdiscipline, Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, vol.17, pp.189-215, 2014.

L. Colinet, P. Joly, A. Gaunand, M. Matt, P. Larédo et al., Impact Evaluation Guide. Strategy, Marketing Vision and Innovation. Available at: www.csiro.au. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation -CSIRO, 2014.

, Corporate Plan, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation -CSIRO, 2018.

A. P. Contandriopoulos, F. Champagne, L. Potvin, J. Denis, and P. Boyle, Saber preparar uma pesquisa, 1994.

, The voluntary guidelines for biodiversityinclusive impact assessment, Convention on Biological Diversity -CDB, 2006.

, 8 reasons why sustainability drives innovation, 2014.

D. Craig, The legitimizing effect of social and environmental disclosures -a theoretical foundation, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol.15, pp.282-311, 2002.

C. M. Christensen, M. Raynor, and R. Mcdonald, What Is Disruptive Innovation? Twenty years after the introduction of the theory, we revisit what it does-and doesn't-explain, Harvard Business Review. Available at, 2015.

L. Culture and -. Workstream, Culture and Leadership: The Nine Principles of Agile Leadership, 2017.

M. Dalziel and S. Parjanen, Measuring the Impact of Innovation Intermediaries: a case study of Tekes, Practice Based Innovation: Insights, Applications and Policy Implications, pp.117-132, 2012.

M. Diez and . Angeles, The Evaluation of Regional Innovation and Cluster Policies: Towards a Participatory Approach, European Planning Studies Journal, vol.9, 2001.

J. Donahue, On Collaborative Governance. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No 2, 2004.

B. ;. Douthwaite, . Kubyb, ;. Thomas, E. Fliertc, . Van-de et al., Impact pathway evaluation: an approach for achieving and attributing impact in complex systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.78, pp.243-265, 2003.

, Gestão Estratégica -Embrapa gera impactos efetivos para a sociedade brasileira, 2017.

, Organization's main site, available at: www.embrapa.br, accessed 03/18, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -Embrapa, 2018.

, European Commission -EC, 2017.

-. European-commission, ICT Impact Assessment Guidelines: practical tools and guidelines for assessing ICT implications, 2019.

, Participatory Integrated Assessment methods: an assessment of their usefulness for the European Environmental Agency, 2001.

A. Fachinelli and . Cristina,

;. Anelise, E. Maciel, and . De-melo, A Importancia da Inovacao Social e da Economia Criativa como Indutores para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, International Journal of Knowledge, Engineering and Management, vol.3, issue.5, pp.276-293, 2014.

G. Feenstra, UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, 2018.

A. Food, Safe Food -Global Initiative on Food Loss and Waste Reduction, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Guidelines for FAO Field Projects, ISBN 978-92-5-107276-9, 2011.

, Achieving Zero Hunger The critical role of investments in social protection and agriculture

J. Freeman, Towards a definition of holism, Br. J. Gen Pract, vol.55, issue.511, pp.154-155, 2005.

D. Gago and L. Rubalcaba, Innovation and ICT in service firms: towards a multidimensional approach for impact assessment, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol.17, issue.1, pp.25-45, 2007.

O. ;. Gassmann, E. Enkel, and H. Chesbrough, The Future of Open Innovation, 2010.

D. Gatherer, So what do we really mean we say that systems biology is holistic?, BMC Systems Biology, vol.4, p.22, 2010.

,

L. ;. Georghiou, . Smith, ;. Keith, O. Toivanen, ;. Toivanen et al., Evaluation of the Finnish Innovation Support System. Ministry of Trade and Industry of Finland, 2003.

F. Geyer, H. Zouwen, and . Van-der, Sociocybernetics and Applied Systems. CV Negoita, pp.85-96, 1992.

, Website, Empowering Sustainable Decisions, 2017.

H. Goldstein, R. , and C. , Contributions of Universities to Regional Economic Development: A Quasi-experimental Approach, Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association, vol.38, issue.7, pp.733-746, 2004.

J. Grant, Measuring the Benefits from, 2006.

P. ;. Greenacre, R. Gross, and J. Speirs, Innovation Theory: A review of the literature Imperial College Centre for Energy Policy and Technology, 2012.

D. Grey, D. Garrick, D. Blackmore, J. Kelman, M. Muller et al., Water security in on blue planet: twenty-first century policy challenges for science, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, pp.1-10, 2015.

F. Guattari, Transdisciplinarity Must Become Transversality, vol.32, pp.131-137, 2015.

G. Hadorn, . Hirsch, and C. Pohl, Principles for Designing Transdisciplinary Research, Oekon Edition, 2007.

S. I. Hallsted, A. W. Thompson, and P. Lindahl, Key Elements for Implementing a Strategic Sustainability Perspective in the Product Innovation Process, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.51, pp.277-288, 2013.

M. A. Hanjra, M. Qureshi, and . Ejaz, Global Water Crisis and Future Food Security in an Era of Climate Change, Food Policy, vol.35, issue.5, pp.365-377, 2010.

S. Hearn and A. L. Buffardi, What is impact?'. A Methods Lab publication. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2016.

J. J. Heckman, Discussion Paper n°2184, 2006.

J. Huge and T. Waas, Converging impact assessment discourses for sustainable development: the case of Flanders, Belgium. Environ Dev Sustain, vol.13, pp.607-626, 2011.

, Impact Assessment Institute -IAI, 2017.

, Cultivating Engagement In Innovation Networks, 2013.

, Impact societal de la recherche, 2016.

, International Organization for Standardization -ISO, Introduction to ISO 14001, 2015.

I. N. Iribarry, Metapsicologia e Apresentacao Psicanalitica de Pacientes enquanto fundamentos de sua demonstracao), RS. Available, 2001.

, ISRIA -The International School on Research Impact Assessment, 2017.

H. Japiassu and D. Marcondes, Pequeno dicionario de filosofia, 1989.

P. Joly, L. Benoit, A. Colinet, S. Gaunand, M. Lemarié et al., Agricultural research impact assessment: issues, methods and challenges, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431457

K. Jonkers, R. Tijssen, A. Karvounaraki, X. Goenaga, and A. , Regional Innovation Impact Assessment Framework for universities; EUR 28927 EN; Publications Office of the European Union, 2018.

W. Junior, ;. Correa, R. Filho, and . Penteado,

G. Vedovoto,

A. Avila and . Flavio, Balanço Social 2014 -Manual de Instruções, Secretaria de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Institucional -SGI. Available at: www.embrapa.br/balanço social, 2014.

S. Kemmis and R. Mctaggart, Participatory action research, 2000.

. Lincoln, Handbook of qualitative research, pp.567-606

T. Kuby, Innovation as a Social Process: What Does this Mean for Impact Assessment in Agricultural Research, 1999.

T. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific revolution, 2012.

A. M. Law and W. D. Kelton, Simulation Modelling and Analysis, 1991.

D. Loorbach and J. Rotmans, The practice of transition management: Examples and lessons from four distinct cases, Futures, vol.42, pp.237-246, 2010.

J. ;. Markard, R. Raven, and B. Truffer, Sustainability.transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects, Research Policy, vol.41, issue.6, pp.955-967, 2012.

L. M. Markus, A. ;. Majchrzak, and L. Gssser, A Design Theory for Systems that Support Emergent Knowledge Processes, MisQuarterly -Special Issue, vol.26, issue.3, pp.179-212, 2002.

. Masterqresearch, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process for the Proposed Thyspunt Lines Integration Project DWEA Ref. No. 12/12/20/1212: Northern Corridor the construction and operation of 3x 400kV transmission power lines: 1x Thyspunt Grassridge and 2x Thyspunt -Dedisa, 2010.

. Mediamax, 10 world's leading food producing countries, 2016.

S. J. Mendonca, A. Meybeck, and S. Redfern, Knowledge and Information for Sustainable Food Systems. Roma: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations -FAO, 2016.

L. Mergaert and R. Minto, Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Evaluations: two sides of the same coin? -The Case of Gender Mainstreaming in EU Research Policy. Symposium on Policy Evaluation in the EU, European Journal of Risk Regulation -EJRR, vol.47, issue.1, 2015.

D. J. Merrey, An Evaluation of CGIAR Centers' Impact Assessment Work on Irrigation and Water Management Research, Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA), CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC), vol.83, p.pp, 2015.

J. C. Metherbe and . Conceito-de-sistemas, Análise de sistemas, pp.31-43, 1986.

M. C. Minayo, S. De, S. F. Deslandes, O. C. Neto, and R. Gomes, Pesquisa social teoria método e criatividade, 2000.

A. Ministerio-da, Assuntos: Sustentabilidade, Plano ABC, Pecuaria e Abastecimento -Mapa, 2018.

E. Morin, L. Moigne, and J. , L'intelligence de la complexité, p.9782738480859, 2003.

E. Morin, Science avec conscience, pp.36-38, 1990.

M. ;. Mulej, S. ;. Kajzer, . Potocan, ;. Vojko, . Rosi et al., Interdependence of systems theories -potential innovation supporting innovation, 2006.

. Kybernetes, , vol.35, pp.942-954

M. D. Mumford, S. J. Zaccaro, F. D. Harding, . Jacobs, T. Owen et al., Leadership skills for a changing world: Solving complex social problems, The Leadership Quarterly, vol.11, issue.1, pp.41-48, 2000.

T. V. Mumford, M. A. Campion, and F. P. Morgeson, The leadership skills strataplex: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels, The Leadership Quarterly, vol.18, issue.2, pp.154-166, 2007.

R. ;. Mutz, . Bornmann, . Lutz, and H. Daniel, Cross-disciplinary research: What configurations of fields of science are found in grant proposals today?, Research Evaluation, vol.24, issue.1, pp.30-36, 2015.

S. Naylor and B. Keogh, Constructivism in classroom: Theory into practice, Journal of Science Teacher Education, vol.10, pp.93-106, 1999.

, Written by Dr Richard Piper, 2017.

R. ;. Nidumolu, C. K. Prahalad, and M. R. Rangaswami, Why Sustainability Is Now the Key Driver of Innovation, Harvard Business Review, 2009.

J. Oetzel and S. Ting-toomey, The Sage Handbook of Conflict Communication -Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice, 2006.

. Oliveira,

L. ;. Amaral, R. Pacheco, . Carlos, and . Santos, , 2018.

, Multi/inter/transdisciplinary assessment: A systemic framework proposal to evaluate graduate courses and research teams, Research Evaluation, vol.013

R. W. Olshavsky and R. A. Spreng, Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management, The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1996.

D. O'sullivan, Applying Innovation, 2008.

O. Dictionary, The impact of BAE systems on the UK economy, 2015.

O. Dictionary, English Dictionary, 2018.

, The economic impact of Starbucks on the UK economy. A report for Starbucks, Oxford Economics, 2013.

T. ;. Penfield, M. J. Baker, . Scoble, ;. Rosa, . Wykes et al., Assessment, evaluations, and definitions of research impact: A review, Research Evaluation, vol.23, issue.1, pp.21-32, 2014.

J. Piaget, Logique et connaissance scientifique. Encyclopédie de la pléiade, 1967.

J. Piaget, Epistemologie des relations interdisciplinaires, 1972.

. L'interdisciplinarité, Problèmes d´enseignement et de recherche dans les Universités, pp.131-144

U. ;. Pisano, L. Lange, and G. Berger, Social Innovation in Europe An overview of the concept of social innovation in the context of European initiatives and practices, 2015.

P. Planing, On the origin of innovations-the opportunity vacuum as a conceptual model for the explanation of innovation, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol.6, 2017.

F. ;. Popa, . Guillermin, . Mathieu, and T. Dedeurwaerdere, A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: From complex systems theory to reflexive science, Futures, vol.65, pp.16-3287, 2015.

J. ;. Pope, D. Annandale, and A. Morrison-saunders, Conceptualising sustainability assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol.24, pp.595-616, 2004.

A. Powell-morse, Conceptual Models -What Are They and How Can You Use them? Available at, 2017.

A. M. Rahim, Managing Conflicts in Organizations, Ebook ISBN 9781351507288. Routledge. 4, pp.18-30, 2017.

J. Raymond, Benchmarking in public procurement, Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol.15, pp.782-793, 2008.

E. ;. Reale, . Avramov, ;. Dragana, . Canhial, ;. Kubra et al.,

E. ;. Oliver and E. Primeri,

L. ;. Puigvert, A. ;. Scharnhorst, . Schubert, ;. Andràs, M. ;. Soler et al.,

T. ;. Sorde, C. ;. Travis, and R. Van-horik, A review of literature on evaluating the scientific, social and political impact of social sciences and humanities research, Research Evaluation, vol.025, 2017.

G. Rodrigues, ;. Stachetti, C. Buschinelli, A. Avila, and . Flavio, An Environmental Impact Assessment System for Agricultural Research and Development II: Institutional Learning Experience at Embrapa, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation J. Technol. Manag. Innov, vol.5, pp.718-27242010000400004, 2010.

G. Rodrigues, ;. Stachetti, C. Campanhola, P. Kitamura, and . Choji, , 2003.

, Avaliaçao de Impacto Ambiental de Inovaçao Tecnologica Agropecuaria: AMBIEC-AGRO. 95p, Embrapa Meio Ambiente -Documentos, vol.34

E. M. Rogers, Diffusions of Innovations, vol.3, p.247, 1995.

T. ;. Rogers, N. J. Goldstein, and C. R. Fox, Social Mobilization, Annual Review of Psychology, 2018.

F. ;. Roquete, M. ;. Amorim, . Barbosa, ;. Simone, D. ;. Souza et al., Dialogue among knowledge: multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in public health field. Cent. O. Min. set, vol.2, pp.2236-6091, 2012.

R. Ruegg and I. Feller, A Toolkit for Evaluating Public R&D Investment: Models, Methods, and Findings from ATP's First Decade., Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003.

. D%20investment%20models, , vol.20, pp.20-20

V. W. Ruttan, Growth and Development, 2001.

B. Sadler and R. Verheem, Strategic Environmental Assessment: Key Issues Emerging from Recent Practice. Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, 1996.

C. H. Saito, Quais seriam as questoes globais que desafiam a educacao ambiental? Para alem do modismo, uma analise sistematica e uma visao sistemica. Revista Eletronica do Mestrado em Educacao Ambiental, pp.4-24, 2017.

S. ;. Saqib, . Abrar, ;. Muhammad, . Sabir, M. Hazoor et al., Impact of Tangible and Intangible Rewards on Organizational Commitment: evidence from the textile sector of Pakistan, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, issue.5, pp.138-147, 2015.

R. W. Scholz, H. A. Mieg, and J. E. Oswald, Transdisciplinarity in groundwater management -Towards mutual learning of science and society, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol.123, issue.1-4, pp.477-487, 2000.

J. A. Schumpeter, Original material copyright 1934 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, pp.112-160, 1983.

, The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development -UNCTAD. New Innovation Approaches to, 2017.

, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on, vol.25, 2015.

, United Nations Development Group -UNDG (2011) Results-Based Management Handbook

, Towards a life cycle sustainability assessment: Making informed choices on products, Life Cycle Initiative, 2011.

, Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment: Towards an Integrated Approach, United Nations Environment Programme -UNEP, 2004.

R. Verheem, Recommendations for Sustainability Assessment in the Netherlands. In Commission for EIA. Environmental Impact Assessment in the Netherlands. Views from the Commission for EIA in 2002, 2002.

V. Schomberg and R. , Prospects for Technology Assessment in a Framework of Responsible Research and Innovation, Technikfolgen abschatzen lehren, pp.39-61, 2012.

L. S. Vygotsky, Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological processes, 1978.

R. M. Walker, An Empirical Evaluation of Innovation Types and Organizational and Environmental Characteristics: Towards a Configuration Framework, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol.18, pp.591-615, 2007.

T. E. Weckowicz, A Pioneer of General Systems Theory, 1989.

G. Weisbrod and . Burton, Assessing the Economic Impacts of Transportation Projects, National Academy of Science / Transportation Research Board as Transportation Research Circular #477, 1997.

A. Wernham, Health Impact Assessments Are Needed In Decision Making About Environmental And Land-Use Policy, Health Aff, vol.30, pp.5947-956, 2011.

H. White, A contribution to current debates in impact evaluation, Evaluation, vol.16, issue.2, pp.153-64, 2010.

W. Wilmot and J. Hocker, Interpersonal conflict (6 th ed), 2001.

, Geneva: World Health Organization, Basic Documents, Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, 2006.

J. ;. Zscheischler, . Rogga, . Sebastian, and A. Lange, The success of transdisciplinary research for sustainable land use: individual perceptions and assessments, 2018.

, Sustainability Science, vol.13, pp.1061-1074

, Há quanto tempo atua na área?

:. .. , Área onde atua (municípios)

. Tipo-de-fazenda-que-atende, , pp.pequena -familiar

, A quantas fazendas dá assistência?

, uma vez por semana ( ) mais de uma vez por mês ( ) uma vez por mês ( ) uma vez a cada três meses ( ) outras (descrever), Frequência de visitas a fazendas: ( ) mais de uma vez por semana 9

. Iv)-dados-técnicos,

, Que tipos de sistemas produtivos você fornece assistência técnica? 2. Em que culturas agrícolas e/ou tipos de pecuária você fornece assistência? 3. De que maneira se processa a assistência técnica?

, Como as informações sobre tecnologias e práticas agropecuárias chegam até você (treinamentos, divulgação em folhetos

, Você recebe tecnologias ou informações científicas de outras instituições de pesquisa que não seja a Embrapa? Se sim

, Que sugestões de melhoria você daria para melhorar a relação com a Embrapa?

I. Partie, Revue bibliographique -Concepts et approches Cette partie est divisée en quatre points

, Vers une agriculture durable

. Le-rôle-de-la-recherche,

, L'importance d'évaluer l'innovation : en tenant compte des approches axées sur les impacts

, La nécessité d'un modèle conceptuel pour réaliser une analyse d'impact

, Idées clés En faisant une synthèse des concepts abordés dans l'analyse bibliographique, nous énumérons ici quelques points clés abordés dans la Partie I : ? Plusieurs types d'organisations ont investi du temps et des ressources pour mettre en place des systèmes d'évaluation d'impact pour leurs politiques

, c) identifier les points positifs, les lacunes et les obstacles tout au long des étapes du processus, depuis la formulation des politiques, de la recherche

, Le modèle conceptuel final de l'évaluation de l'impact de l'innovation

, Il constituera le produit final de cette thèse et sera détaillé dans la partie III. Ainsi, ce modèle sera le résultat de la revue de la littérature et de la pratique de benchmarking. Il sera notamment le produit de l´identification des aspects positifs détectés à partir de l'analyse comparative des quatre organismes de recherche, ainsi que de l'analyse spécifique d'un organisme de recherche sélectionné

L. Proto-modèle, analyse documentaire et représente le cadre conceptuel sur lequel s'appuie le système de gestion de l'évaluation d'impact du modèle d'innovation. Le Proto-Modèle démontre que le système d'évaluation d'impact est un système ouvert, avec un degré élevé d'interaction entre l'environnement organisationnel interne (de l'institution de recherche) et l'environnement, les facteurs sociaux

, Proto-Model of Innovation's Impact Assessment Management System Adapted from, Jonkers et al, 2004.

. Jonkers, Selon la figure 2, le proto-modèle adopte huit variables comme base structurelle qui imprégneront toutes les étapes du système ci-dessus, 2018.

;. Renault and . Markus, Law et Kelton, 1976.

R. Avila and . Vedovoto, , 2008.

P. Douthwaite-;-joly, , 2003.

, le système l'impact environnemental, social et économique alors qu'elle est insérée dans un contexte diffus comme une mosaïque d'inter-influences, d'interdépendances, d'interactions et d'effets de chaîne. Malgré cela, il est important d'identifier les différentes origines et époques liées aux différentes causes d'impact sur un certain environnement, sur la chaîne d'approvisionnement, sur le groupe social, ? Lien avec les politiques et les stratégies institutionnelles -les informations et les signaux provenant de l'environnement extérieur devraient guider l'élaboration des politiques et des stratégies institutionnelles et, dans ce cadre

, L'impact se manifeste de plusieurs façons. L´IIAMS classifie la nature de l'impact selon la Qualité et les Types

, Parfois, un produit ou une technologie peut être positif par sa dimension économique et négatif par sa dimension environnementale. Il est nécessaire de disposer d'une échelle pour identifier la qualité de l'impact. Et elle ne peut se limiter exclusivement au négatif ou au positif, mais, dans une échelle spécifique, elle peut être plus ou moins positive ou négative. Toutefois, tout processus d'évaluation devrait adopter la transparence comme principe majeur. Les types d'analyse d'impact ou le calendrier de l'analyse d'impact sont décrits selon deux moments : l'ex-ante, La qualité de l'impact peut être définie comme positive ou négative

, Avant d'arriver chez le producteur, une solution technologique fut testée et validée. Cependant, il est possible qu'en arrivant sur le terrain, et à grande échelle, elle génère des impacts imprévus ou non, c'est-à-dire des impacts non intentionnels. Les impacts involontaires peuvent également être considérés comme des externalités, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'une solution est adoptée

, Les impacts intermédiaires sont ceux qui se produisent au cours des étapes de l'innovation jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent les résultats, qui seront la dernière étape de l'évaluation intermédiaire. A partir des résultats, l'évaluation finale de l'impact commence, c'est-à-dire que commence l'étape ex-post, jusqu'aux étapes de l'évaluation d'impact en cours

, Avec l'utilisation d'une échelle allant de -3 à +3, il sera possible de faire fusionner deux caractéristiques de l'impact : le niveau d'intensité et la qualité de l'impact. L'échelle -3 sera la plus négative, -2 la négative moyenne, -1 la moins négative, +1 avec un impact positif faible, +2 avec un impact positif moyen et +3 avec un impact positif

L. Long, extrême long termes et des impacts pérennes. Dans ce cadre, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les impacts décalés, c'est-à-dire leur durée dans le temps : de nombreux types d'impact peuvent retarder les effets sur l'économie, la politique, la société ou encore l'environnement. Un impact à court terme est un impact qui se produit immédiatement dans la limite d´un an au plus tard. L'impact à moyen terme est se produit au-delà d'un an, et ce jusqu'à cinq ans. L'impact à long terme lui se produit au-delà de cinq ans, jusqu'à vingt ans. L'impact à extrême long terme arrive à plus de 20 ans, et ce jusqu'à 100 ans. Un impact pérenne ou persistant signifie que, sur une centaine d'années, il peut toujours persister

, Il peut s'agir d'espace local (à l'intérieur de l´exploitation agricole), d'espace municipal, d'espace étatique ou régional, d'espace rural et d'espace international (voire global)

, La fréquence de l'impact est une mesure importante pour ceux qui discerneront les risques et les niveaux de dommages et pour ceux qui ont été potentiellement ou réellement affectés par l'impact. Cette mesure devrait servir de paramètre pour la prise de décision concernant les mesures préventives (dans le cas d'une évaluation ex ante) ou les mesures correctives ou de minimisation pour l'évaluation ex post

, ? à Pièces uniques ? Variable et Inconstante ?

. Souvent, un impact ne mérite pas beaucoup d'attention s´il est peu marquant ou du moins il nécessite moins d'attention que les autres qui produisent un impact plus important

U. Ainsi and . Impact-de-grande-amplitude, ou même moyenne) méritera une attention particulière, et des mesures préventives (dans le cas d'une évaluation ex ante), ainsi que des mesures correctives ou réductrices (dans le cas d'une évaluation ex post) devront être prises. La classification par amplitude sert de point de référence, à l'établissement, des priorités décisionnelles en matière d'intervention ou d'action préventive. L´amplitude de l'impact dépend de la vision ou du sentiment de ceux qui sont potentiellement ou réellement affectés, qu'il s'agisse d'un secteur public, d'un secteur productif ou d'une partie de la société

, Du point de vue des parties prenantes et des secteurs économique, politique et social 23

, Economique : secteur productif en général ou segments spécifiques des producteurs, industrie, commerce, chaînes d'approvisionnement, Politique : décideurs politiques, institutions gouvernementales, parlement, Références bibliographiques

P. K. Ahmed and M. Rafiq, Integrated benchmarking: a holistic examination of select techniques for benchmarking analysis, Benchmarking for Quality Management and Technology, vol.5, issue.3, pp.225-267, 1998.

C. Asif and A. Gash, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2007.

A. F. Avila, G. S. Rodrigues, and G. L. Vedovoto, Avaliação dos impactos de tecnologias geradas pela Embrapa: metodologia de referência. Embrapa Informacao Tecnologica, 2008.

. Barros-de-mendonca, &. Savio, and A. Laques, Sustainability Impact Assessment -An Overview with a Holistic and Transdisciplinary Perspective towards Agricultural Research, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Journal -Macrothink Institute, vol.6, issue.2, 2017.

H. A. Becker, Social impact assessment, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.128, pp.311-321, 2001.

W. Buckley, A sociologia e a moderna teoria dos sistemas, Trad. O. Cajado), vol.2, pp.9-68, 1976.

M. Cato and . Scott, Green Economics, pp.36-37, 2009.

, Centre de cooperation internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement -Cirad, 2015.

, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le developpement -Cirad, 2016.

, Corporate Plan, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation -CSIRO, 2018.

A. P. Contandriopoulos, F. Champagne, L. Potvin, J. Denis, and P. Boyle, Saber preparar uma pesquisa, 1994.

B. ;. Douthwaite, . Kubyb, ;. Thomas, E. Fliertc, . Van-de et al., Impact pathway evaluation: an approach for achieving and attributing impact in complex systems, Agricultural Systems, vol.78, pp.243-265, 2003.

, Organization's main site, available at: www.embrapa.br, accessed 03/18, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -Embrapa, 2018.

G. Feenstra, UC Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, 2018.

A. Food, FAO representative in Brazil presents world demand for food, 2017.

D. Grey, D. Garrick, D. Blackmore, J. Kelman, M. Muller et al., Water security in on blue planet: twenty-first century policy challenges for science, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, pp.1-10, 2015.

P. Joly, . Pierre-benoit, L. Joly, A. Colinet, S. Gaunand et al., Agricultural research impact assessment: issues, methods and challenges, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431457

K. Jonkers, R. Tijssen, A. Karvounaraki, X. Goenaga, and A. , Regional Innovation Impact Assessment Framework for universities; EUR 28927 EN; Publications Office of the European Union, 2018.

T. Kuby, Innovation as a Social Process: What Does this Mean for Impact Assessment in Agricultural Research, 1999.

L. M. Markus, A. ;. Majchrzak, and L. Gssser, A Design Theory for Systems that Support Emergent Knowledge Processes, MisQuarterly -Special Issue, vol.26, issue.3, pp.179-212, 2002.

J. C. Metherbe and . Conceito-de-sistemas, Análise de sistemas, pp.31-43, 1986.

A. Ministerio-da, Assuntos: Sustentabilidade, Plano ABC, Pecuaria e Abastecimento -Mapa, 2018.

G. Rodrigues, ;. Stachetti, C. Buschinelli, A. Avila, and . Flavio, An Environmental Impact Assessment System for Agricultural Research and Development II: Institutional Learning Experience at Embrapa, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation J. Technol. Manag. Innov, vol.5, pp.718-27242010000400004, 2010.

, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on, vol.25, 2015.