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, Section 2 : La décentralisation et la réforme des politiques de santé

.. .. Le,

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, La tarification à l'acte on ne sait jamais où cela va s'arréter. Mais les prestataires de soins, eux ne sont pas du tout favorables à la tarification forfaitaire, parce que cela empêche justement de maximiser les recettes, et de multiplier les actes et les prescriptions, parce qu'il n'y a plus d'intérêt à le faire. Donc la résistance vous allez plus l'observer au niveau des prestataires de soins, parce qu'ils vont dire « mais on a rien à gagner là dedans », que par rapport à la communauté. Donc les intérêts ne sont pas toujours les mêmes. Tout ce qui est : les dessous de table, ou l'infirmier qui vient avec sa propre injection et vous la fait payer. Avec le forfait c'est fini, en principe. Cela donne un certain pouvoir aux patients et cela en fait perdre aux prestataires. Or on sait combien les prestataires de soins sont agrippés au pouvoir qu'ils ont vis-à-vis des patients. Il s'agit d'une véritable vision de santé publique, « (?) cette tarification forfaitaire évidemment c'est un plus pour la population. Je suis hospitalisé, je suis sûr que je dois payer autant

, Avec tous les acteurs en disant ok, qu'est ce que vous pensez comme étant le bon prix, avec la consultation, les examens, un package. C'est cela qui est critiqué. Moi je trouve oui c'est critiquable mais cela lui a permis d'avancer et d'aller vite. Ce qui est critiquable aussi c'est de mettre le forfait alors qu'il n'est pas forcément complet. Si tu n'as pas tout le paquet et bien il y a des problèmes. Aujourd'hui il y a des paquets où ils ont retiré le médecin, où ils ont retiré le chirurgien. Et ce paquet avec de la chirurgie décentralisée, les chirurgiens n'en veulent pas, au niveau de la chaire de chirurgie. Donc elle a dû se battre avec des facteurs exogènes qui n'étaient pas simples et que l'on ne pouvait pas résoudre. C'est vrai que le cercle vertueux aurait été, on fait une étude de coûts, en même temps on négocie la décentralisation de la chirurgie, on met la chirurgie, on lance des appels d'offres, on équipe et une fois que l'on a tout cela et bien on met le forfait en place. Mais cela, ce n'est pas sur un projet de 5 ans que tu le fais, car quand tu mets en place ton forfait tu es à y+5. Le temps que tu fasses tout cela et c'est mort. Donc elle a voulu avancer et c'est toute à son honneur car c'est quelqu'un qui était très dynamique, du coup il y a deux forfaits différents suivant les deux centres de santé parce que les négociations n'ont pas été les mêmes. (entretien, assistant technique CTB, La tarification forfaitaire a également rencontré plusieurs difficultés liées à la rapidité de mise en oeuvre exigée par l'approche projet, mais aussi à l'opposition de certains prestataires de santé comme les pharmaciens, les médecins ou les chirurgiens : « L'étude de coût a été difficile à mener. Les gens voulaient institutionnaliser une étude de coût ce qui n'est pas forcément une bonne idée

, En tout cas c'est plus compliqué, il faut rajouter un flux. (entretien, expert senior santé, BM, 2015.

, une négociation entre acteurs ayant permis un processus d'appropriation, mais souligne unanimement que le modèle retenu a été fortement influencé par le cabinet Broadbranch, qui défend un modèle concurrent de la BM : « Moi je n'ai jamais eu l'impression que le débat a changé. J'ai essayé avec des collègues qui étaient là, Banque Mondiale, 2015.

, Pour aucun pays sur lesquels je travaille et pour lesquels cela marche, les meilleurs pratiques qui sont celles du Rwanda et du Burundi, ils ne font pas cela ». (entretien, économiste de la santé, Banque Mondiale, avril 2015). 'aide : « le SG avait pas mal poussé sur le sujet parce que le Sénégal était honnêtement un peu en retard quand même, il faut quand même le reconnaitre. Pourquoi ils se sont lancés, j'aurais du mal à dire qu'il y avait une prise de conscience particulière qu'il avait un problème, je pense que c'était plus un mouvement, « bon ba il faut qu'on le fasse nos aussi comme les autres ». (?). Le Sénégal (?) j'ai le sentiment que c'était « essayons de faire un petit mieux et prenons ce truc là, Pour l'équipe de la BM, leur propre légitimité à proposer un modèle optimal réside dans leur connaissance des meilleurs pratiques, qu'ils sont à même d'observer dans les autres pays : «

, qui semblent ici avoir eu pour objet d'exercer une pression institutionnelle sur le MSAS pour qu'il aligne ses pratiques sur celles des autres pays : « je dois dire qu'on a eu l'occasion d'inviter quelques représentants sénégalais à des conférences sur le PBF et ils ont fini par se rendre compte qu'ils étaient un petit peu l' « outlier». Je sais que j'avais invité l'équipe à un atelier à Buenos Aires, on était je crois 15 pays. Le Sénégal s'est retrouvé à dire « ben oui nous on fait comme ça », « bon on est les seuls » et tout le monde s'est un peu foutu de leurs gueules, De plus, l'équipe souligne organiser des réunions d'échanges de pratiques inter-pays

L. , appropriation mais souligne à l'inverse l'incohérence du MSAS, à travers une grille d'analyse comparative multipays qui n

, Le degré d'adhésion réelle des acteurs de la BM à la régulation par un marché où se rencontrerait, du côté de l'offre, des structures de santé autonomes et, du côté de la demande, des organismes de micro-assurances, semble faible. Mentionnée dans le document de projet, 1992.

, USAID) est très différente, car elle intervient en dons, avec des budgets très importants sur une longue période (60 millions USD par an pendant 15 ans)

, Cette stratégie d'accompagnement s'appuie sur le recrutement de cadres nationaux, qui sont d'anciens cadres influents du Ministère de la santé du Sénégal. Les acteurs locaux de l'USAID sont eux-mêmes placés sous la responsabilité d

, La logique performative de l'USAID cible donc la diffusion et l'internalisation, dans les sociétés bénéficiaires, des principes idéologiques néolibéraux qui fondent la société américaine

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