. Wright-suggère-dans-cette-théorie and . Qu, une évolution adaptative peut se produire plus rapidement ou atteindre des optimaux adaptatifs difficiles à rejoindre, quand une population est subdivisée en souspopulations relativement isolées, et donc soumises à la dérive génétique, vol.98

, Cette dernière peut donc se révéler être aussi un moteur d'évolution même si cette théorie, comme son impact réel sur l'évolution des espèces

, Une sous-population va beaucoup plus varier et peut statistiquement passer la vallée adaptative et alors être sélectionnée vers un autre optimum adaptatif. Paradoxe de la dérive génétique : L'effet de Yule-Simpson Comme nous l'avons vu, la dérive génétique est essentiellement un phénomène stochastique, en ce sens l'évolution peut être conditionnée par des paradoxes statistiques. Nous pouvons en particulier citer celui de Simpson, dans lequel un phénomène présentant une tendance dans chaque groupe peut présenter la tendance inverse lorsque les groupes sont combinés. En biologie, le paradoxe de Simpson peut intervenir lorsqu'une population est séparée en plusieurs sous-populations indépendantes qui communiqueront ensemble (fusionneront dans le cas extrême) après un certain temps t et dont la taille au temps t (de chaque sous-groupe avant échanges intergroupes) est dépendante de la diversité intra-spécifique de chaque sous-population. Par exemple, si une population est constituée de deux phénotypes de valeurs reproductives différentes, la proportion d'un des deux phénotypes devrait tendre vers une valeur nulle au cours du temps, pourtant si la proportion en ce phénotype accroît « suffisamment » la taille de la population à un moment donné (toutes proportions des deux phénotypes conservées par ailleurs), il est possible que la proportion globale

, car le résultat du processus va à l'encontre des lois de la sélection : le plus adapté (en terme de reproduction) n'est pas nécessairement le seul à transmettre ses caractères sur le long terme. Ainsi, on peut comprendre que l'effet de Yule-Simpson va sélectionner les populations présentant certaines propriétés particulières, notamment l'existence d'une corrélation entre la proportion des phénotypes et la biomasse finale. Dans ces conditions, cet effet peut d'une part lutter contre la perte d'un phénotype (et donc contrebalancer la sélection naturelle ou la dérive génétique, mais aussi favoriser les interactions bénéfiques intra-population : cet effet peut favoriser l'émergence de symbioses

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