S. Labile and . .. Cu, 6.5.4 Mechanisms of Cu transfer and retention in soils, p.137

.. .. Conclusion,

.. .. Bibliography,

.. .. Abstract,

. Materials and . .. Methods, 155 7.3.3 Digestion and total elemental contents determination

.. .. Results, 6 Cu isotopic ratios in soils and soil solutions

. .. Discussion, 172 7.5.3 Evolution of elemental contents in soil solutions over time, vol.178

.. .. Conclusion,

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, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, vol.37, pp.1089-1104

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, The impact of cultural practices, Copper, zinc, lead and cadmium bioavailability and retention in vineyard soils, vol.230

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B. M. Ryan, J. K. Kirby, F. Degryse, H. Harris, M. J. Mclaughlin et al., Copper speciation and isotopic fractionation in plants : uptake and translocation mechanisms, New Phytologist, vol.199, pp.367-378, 2013.

C. Weinstein, F. Moynier, K. Wang, R. Paniello, J. Foriel et al., Isotopic fractionation of Cu in plants, Chemical Geology, 2011.
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, Mediterranean Red 2012 Yes 194 France La Clape Corb.-Rouss. Mediterranean Red 2013 Yes 195 France La Clape Corb.-Rouss. Mediterranean Red 2014 Yes 196 France La Clape Corb.-Rouss, 2012.

, topright',col=COL_color,legend=levels(FACTORS$Color), vol.15, p.1

, # LDA1=~2*log10(Mg)-log10(Ca)=log10(Mg/Ca) plot(1:length(PROJ),2*CONC1$Mg-CONC1$Ca

(. Discrim_class=cut and . Combi, BREAKS) barplot(t(table(DISCRIM_class,FACTORS12$Color2)),col=c('red','green'),xlab=' LDA1',ylab='Frequency')

, BREAKS){ pred=rep('Red',nrow

(. Classif=table and . Factors12$color2,

. Proj=as, matrix(CONC1) %*% as.matrix(ALD$scaling)

D. Breaks=seq,

, FACTORS1$Calc)), col=c('darkgrey','white') ,xlab='LDA1

#. Lda1=~log10, Mg)+log10(Ba)=log10(Mg*Ba) plot(1:length(PROJ),CONC1$Mg+CONC1$Ba

, CONC1$Mg+CONC1$Ba-0.05, WINES$ID, vol.1

, FACTORS13$Calc)), col=c('darkgrey','white'), xlab=expression(log, Mg~Ba)),ylab='Frequency')

, BREAKS){ pred=rep

(. Classif=table and . Calc, pred) cat(x,':',sum(diag(CLASSIF))/sum(CLASSIF)*100

, LDA_calc.pdf',width=10,height=6) par(mar=c, vol.6

, FACTORS13$Calc)), col=c('darkgrey','white'), axes=FALSE,ylim=c(0,15),names.arg='') #lab_BREAKS=BREAKS #lab_BREAKS

, Mg~Ba)),side=1,line=4,cex=1.3) axis(2,at=seq(0,15,5),cex.axis=1.3) mtext('Frequency',side=2,line=4,cex=1.3) legend('topright',col=c('darkgrey','black'), legend=c('Non-calcareous

, RDA_calc_color.pdf',width=10,height=10) plot(summary(RDA1)$sites

;. $color2 and . Calc, Red/Non-calcareous','Red/Calcareous','Non-Red/Non-calcareous','NonRed/Calcareous'),add.plot=TRUE,cellipse=0,cpoint=0,clabel=1) arrows

, CLASSIF=table(FACTORS3$Color2:FACTORS3$Calc

, LDA_calc_color.pdf',width=8,height=8) par(mar=c, vol.5

. Factors1$calc,

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, A soil sample from a calcaric cambisol a bulk soil sample from a vertic cambisols, a citrate soil extract and a leaf sample. The calcaric cambisols sample came from the lowest horizon (50-60 cm) of the C220 sample spot of the Soave vineyard described in Chapter 5. The vertic cambisols sample was B20 110-120 cm. Deepest horizons were chosen as they contain lowest Cu concentrations and are most contrasted in their mineralogy. 100 mg of ground soil samples and 200 mg of ground leaf sample were digested in a CEM MARS 5 microwave oven using ultrapure acids, step, matrix separation was evaluated for four different matrix types

. Na-citrate-extractions-(labanowski, 2008) were performed on a vertic cambisols sample using 0.1 molar tri-sodiumcitrate solution (citric acid trisodium salt dehydrate, Acros Organics

. %-h-2-o-2-following, Recovered solution was evaporated and redissolved and elemental contents were measured on an Agilent 7500ce Q-ICP-MS, as described above. Experiment 2: Cu recovery In the following experiment, two vertic soil samples (3 and 5 M elution) and one sample of a citrate extraction (4 M elution) were loaded on a separation column as described above. The elution protocol was interrupted after the matrix elution, vol.35, p.32, 1999.

, Again eluted solutions were sampled at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 mL of the respective acid treatment. Recovered solutions were evaporated to dryness, redissolved and Cu contents measured on a AAnalyst600

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, Chemical Separation and Isotopic Variations of Cu and Zn From Five Geological Reference Materials, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.30, pp.5-16

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F. Larner, M. Rehkaemper, B. J. Coles, K. Kreissig, D. J. Weiss et al., A new separation procedure for Cu prior to stable isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.26, pp.1627-1632, 2011.

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B. Tremillon, Les séparations par resineséchangeuses d'ions, 1965.

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