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S. F. Boulyga and J. S. Becker, Determination of uranium isotopic composition and 236 U content of soil samples and hot particles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, vol.370, pp.612-617, 2001.

S. F. Boulyga, N. Erdmann, H. Funk, M. K. Kievets, . Lomonosova et al., Determination of isotopic composition of plutonium in hot particules of Chernobyl area, Radiation Measurements, vol.28, pp.349-352, 1997.

S. F. Boulyga and T. Prohaska, Determining the isotopic compositions of uranium and fission products in radioactive environmental microsamples using laser ablation ICP-MS with multiple ion counters, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.390, pp.531-539, 2008.

W. Bu, M. Fukuda, J. Zheng, T. Aono, T. Ishimaru et al., Release of Pu isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident to the marine environment was negligible, Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking), pp.9070-9078, 2014.

W. Bu, Y. Ni, Q. Guo, J. Zheng, and S. Uchida, Pu isotopes in soils collected downwind from Lop Nor: regional fallout vs. global fallout, Scientific Reports, vol.5, pp.2045-2322, 2015.

W. Bu, J. Zheng, T. Aono, K. Tagami, S. Uchida et al., Vertical distributions of plutonium isotopes in marine sediment cores off the Fukushima coast after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Biogeosciences 10, vol.4, pp.1726-4189, 2013.

W. Bu, J. Zheng, Q. Guo, T. Aono, K. Tagami et al., Ultra-trace plutonium determination in small volume seawater by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with application to Fukushima seawater samples, Journal of Chromatography A 1337, pp.171-179, 2014.

B. A. Buchholz, T. A. Brown, T. F. Hamilton, I. D. Hutcheon, A. A. Marchetti et al., Investigating uranium isotopic distributions in environmental samples using AMS and MC-ICP-MS, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 259.1, pp.733-738, 2007.

K. Buesseler, The isotopic signature of fallout plutonium in the north Pacific, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.36, issue.1, pp.69-83, 1997.

K. O. Buesseler, Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.16, pp.5984-5988, 2012.

G. G. Caitcheon, J. M. Olley, F. Pantus, G. Hancock, and C. Leslie, The dominant erosion processes supplying fine sediment to three major rivers in tropical Australia, the Daly (NT), Mitchell (Qld) and Flinders (Qld) Rivers, pp.188-195, 2012.

L. Cao, N. Ishii, J. Zheng, M. Kagami, S. Pan et al., Vertical distributions of Pu and radiocesium isotopes in sediments from Lake Inba after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident: Source identification and accumulation, Applied Geochemistry, vol.78, p.8832927, 2017.

N. Casacuberta, M. Christl, J. Lachner, M. Van-der-loeff, P. Masque et al., A first transect of 236 U in the North Atlantic Ocean, Geochimica et, 2014.

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M. A. Charette, F. Crystaline, . Breier, B. Paul, . Henderson et al., Radium-based estimates of cesium isotope transport and total direct ocean discharges from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, Biogeosciences 10, vol.3, pp.1726-4170, 2013.

C. Chartin, O. Evrard, Y. Onda, J. Patin, I. Lefèvre et al., Tracking the early dispersion of contaminated sediment along rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive pollution plume, Anthropocene 1, p.22133054, 2013.

M. Chino, H. Nakayama, H. Nagai, H. Terada, G. Katata et al., Preliminary Estimation of Release Amounts of I-131 and Cs-137 Accidentally Discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Atmosphere, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, vol.48, pp.22-3131, 2011.

M. Christl, J. Lachner, C. Vockenhuber, O. Lechtenfeld, I. Stimac et al., A depth profile of uranium-236 in the Atlantic Ocean, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.77, p.167037, 2012.

D. J. Condon, N. Mclean, . Stephen-r-noble, and . Bowring, Isotopic composition ( 238 U/235U) of some commonly used uranium reference materials, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.74, pp.16-7037, 2010.

R. Eigl, M. Srncik, P. Steier, and G. Wallner, 236 U/ 238 U and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotopic ratios in small (2L) sea and river water samples, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.116, pp.54-58, 2013.

R. Eigl, P. Steier, K. Sakata, and A. Sakaguchi, Vertical distribution of 236 U in the North Pacific Ocean, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, pp.265-931, 2017.

C. Estournel, E. Bosc, M. Bocquet, C. Ulses, P. Marsaleix et al., Assessment of the amount of cesium-137 released into the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima accident and analysis of its dispersion in Japanese coastal waters, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 117.C11014, issn, pp.2156-2202, 2012.
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O. Evrard, J. P. Laceby, H. Lepage, Y. Onda, O. Cerdan et al., Radiocesium transfer from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: A review, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.148, pp.92-110, 2015.
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O. Evrard, F. Pointurier, Y. Onda, C. Chartin, A. Hubert et al., Novel insights into Fukushima nuclear accident from isotopic evidence of plutonium spread along coastal rivers, Environmental Science & Technology 48, vol.16, pp.9334-9374, 2014.

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R. L. Fleischer, Difficulties in using 234 U/ 238 U ratios to detect enriched or depleted uranium, pp.292-293, 2008.

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K. Hirose, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident: Atmospheric and oceanic impacts over the five years, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.157, pp.1879-1700, 2016.

M. C. Honda, M. Tatsuo-aono, Y. Aoyama, H. Hamajima, M. Kawakami et al., Dispersion of artificial caesium-134 and -137 in the western North Pacific one month after the Fukushima accident, Geochemical Journal, vol.46, pp.1-9, 2012.

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A. Sakaguchi, A. Kadokura, P. Steier, K. Tanaka, Y. Takahashi et al., Isotopic determination of U, Pu and Cs in environmental waters following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Geochemical Journal, vol.46, pp.355-360, 2012.

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A. Sakaguchi, P. Steier, Y. Takahashi, and M. Yamamoto, Collected from Roadsides in Fukushima Prefecture: Fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Environmental Science & Technology 48, vol.7, pp.3691-3697, 2014.

B. Salbu, Radionuclides released to the environment following nuclear events, pp.1551-3793, 2011.

B. Salbu, V. Kashparov, O. C. Lind, R. Garcia-tenorio, M. P. Johansen et al., Challenges associated with the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 186, pp.101-115, 2018.

J. S. Santos, L. S. Teixeira, W. N. Santos, V. A. Lemos, J. M. Godoy et al., Uranium determination using atomic spectrometric techniques: An overview, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol.674, pp.143-156, 2010.

P. H. Santschi, K. A. Roberts, and L. Guo, Organic nature of colloidal Actinides transported in surface water environments, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.36, pp.3711-3719, 2002.

W. Schimmack, K. Auerswald, and K. Bunzl, Estimation of soil erosion and deposition rates at an agricultural site in Bavaria, Germany, as derived from fallout radiocesium and plutonium as tracers, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.53, pp.28-1042, 2001.

S. Schneider, C. Walther, S. Bister, V. Schauer, M. Christl et al., Plutonium release from Fukushima Daiichi fosters the need for more detailed investigations, Scientific Reports, vol.3, p.2988, 2013.

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P. Schuller, D. E. Walling, A. Iroume, C. Quilodran, A. Castillo et al., Using 137 Cs and 210Pbex and other sediment source fingerprints to document suspended sediment sources in small forested catchments in south-central Chile, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.124, pp.147-59, 2013.

P. Schuller, D. E. Walling, A. Sepúlveda, A. Castillo, and I. Pino, Changes in soil erosion associated with the shift from conventional tillage to a no-tillage system, documented using 137 Cs measurements, Soil and Tillage Research 94.1, p.1671987, 2007.

J. M. Schwantes, R. Christopher, R. A. Orton, and . Clark, Analysis of a Nuclear Accident: Fission and Activation Product Releases from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Facility as Remote Indicators of Source Identification, Extent of Release, and State of Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.46, pp.13-936, 2012.

Y. Shibahara, T. Kubota, T. Fujii, S. Fukutani, T. Ohta et al., 235U/ 238 U Isotopic ratio in plant samples from Fukushima Prefecture, pp.1421-1424, 2014.

T. Shinonaga, P. Steier, M. Lagos, and T. Ohkura, Airborne Plutonium and Non-Natural Uranium from the Fukushima DNPP Found at 120 km Distance a Few Days after Reactor Hydrogen Explosions, Environmental Science & Technology 48, vol.7, pp.3808-3814, 2014.

K. Shozugawa, N. Nogawa, and M. Matsuo, Deposition of fission and activation products after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident, p.2697491, 2012.

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J. Zheng, T. Aono, S. Uchida, J. Zhang, and M. C. Honda, Distribution of Pu isotopes in marine sediments in the Pacific 30 km off Fukushima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, Geochemical Journal, vol.46, pp.361-369, 2012.

, France 3 Den -Service d, Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), vol.17, issue.5, pp.3115-3127

N. E. Street and . Calgary,

V. -. Chapitre, Premier essais de mise en évidence de rejets d'uranium anthropique dans des sédiments d'étangs proches de la centrale de Fukushima Dai-ichi

, Références Bibliographiques

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V. -. Chapitre, Premier essais de mise en évidence de rejets d'uranium anthropique dans des sédiments d'étangs proches de la centrale de Fukushima Dai-ichi

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C. Supplement, , pp.265-931

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, Cette étude n'a pas permis d'identifier formellement des particules émises par la centrale et il faudrait répéter l'étude sur une plus grande quantité de matière ou à partir d'un échantillon dans lequel la présence d'une concentration élevée d'actinides issus de la centrale de Fukushima a été mise en évidence. Néanmoins, ce travail a permis de démontrer que le protocole mis en oeuvre est adapté à la détection, Chapitre VII -Caractérisation morphologique et isotopique de microparticules d'actinides dans la région de Fukushima qu'il s'agit d'uranium d'origine naturelle

, Characterisation of actinide micro-particles in the Fukushima Prefecture

, Laceby 1,5 & Olivier Evrard 1 * 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), vol.8212, pp.3115-3127, 91297.

N. E. Street and . Calgary, *) Corresponding author (email address: olivier.evrard@lsce.ipsl.fr)

, After deposition of a low quantity of sample (0.2 g) on polycarbonate disks, the positions of the ?-emitting particles were first roughly localised with ?-tracks detection. Then, a selection of restricted areas of the deposition disks containing the ?-emitting particles were analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and characterised with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. Four uranium particles that likely contained uranium emitted by the FDNPP were identified and characterised. One of these uranium particles was analysed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), and the 235 U/ 238 U and 235 U/ 238 U isotope ratios measured in this particle were characteristic of naturally-occurring uranium, VII.1.1 Abstract The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) released particles containing radionuclides including plutonium and uranium. These particles deposited on soils of Northeastern of Japan

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A. Sakaguchi, P. Steier, Y. Takahashi, and M. Yamamoto, Collected from Roadsides in Fukushima Prefecture: Fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident, Environmental Science & Technology 48, vol.7, pp.3691-3697, 2014.

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, Chapitre VII -Caractérisation morphologique et isotopique de microparticules d'actinides dans la région de Fukushima jenvrad

Y. Satou, K. Sueki, K. Sasa, K. Adachi, and Y. Igarashi, First successful isolation of radioactive particles from soil near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Anthropocene, issn, pp.2213-3054, 2015.

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G. Yang, H. Tazoe, K. Hayano, K. Okayama, and M. Yamada, Isotopic compositions of 236 U, 239 Pu, and 240 Pu in soil contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Scientific Reports, pp.2045-2322, 2017.

G. Yang, H. Tazoe, and M. Yamada, Determination of 236 U in environmental samples by single extraction chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta, p.32670, 2016.

S. Yoshida, Y. Muramatsu, K. Tagami, S. Uchida, T. Ban-nai et al., Concentrations of uranium and 235 U/ 238 U ratios in soil and plant samples collected around the uranium conversion building in the JCO campus, Journal of environmental radioactivity, vol.50, pp.121-172, 2000.

S. Yoshida, Y. Muramatsu, K. Tagami, and S. Uchida, Concentrations of lanthanide elements, Th, and U in 77 Japanese surface soils, Environment International, vol.24, pp.160-4120, 1998.

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