, preuves métrologiques obtenues à l'aide d'instruments de mesure, preuves médicales comme la confirmation de son diagnostic par le Pr. Belpomme, etc. Elles revendiquent une attitude identique vis-à-vis de leur croyance en l'efficacité des pratiques d'adaptation : elle résulterait exclusivement de sa constatation, qui les aurait même conduites à surmonter leur scepticisme initial. Leur recours à une démarche expérimentale et pragmatique n'apparaît alors plus seulement comme une stratégie maximisant leurs chances de découvrir des pratiques ou des représen-tations utiles, dans un contexte où l'information pertinente est limitée, de preuves en apparence objectives : preuves transsubjectives résultant du partage de témoignages et de la socialisation des interprétations

, Ces démarches sont toujours intéressées. Elles sont entreprises en réponse à une détresse, d'abord somatique puis se diversifiant. Cette détresse motive les hypersensibles en devenir à s'approprier les diagnostics d'HSE et les pratiques d'adaptation qu'ils rendent concevable, à les mettre en oeuvre en s'efforçant qu'ils fonctionnent. Ce travail maximise la probabilité que leurs expériences soient concluantes, c'est-à-dire qu'elles induisent une atté-nuation significative de leur détresse 49 . En niant son existence, en l'effaçant de leurs récits de maladie, les personnes hypersensibles modifient le rapport qu'elles entretiennent avec leurs croyances, Nous avons déjà souligné l'ambiguïté de cette attitude

, C'est la question des modalités de leur adhésion qui se trouve ainsi posée, en continuité avec le développement précédent. Reconnaître l'importance de la dimension émo-tionnelle de l'adhésion invite en effet à s'intéresser à ses variations de nuance

, Cela rend peu crédible l'attribution de l'EHS à un effet nocebo, à laquelle procèdent certains spécialistes : il faudrait que les hypersensibles soient exceptionnellement suggestibles pour qu'une simple mise en garde contre la nocivité des CEM suffise à déclencher un cycle d'amplification somatique (cf. chap. 1.3.3.1.f). C'est sans doute aussi une explication de notre incrédulité vis-à-vis des HSE (cf. chap. 3) : nous ne sommes pas malade? trant qu'elle était souvent diagnostiquée à tort. Son auteur conclut sévèrement : « The diagnosis of "hysteria" is a disguise for ignorance and a fertile source of clinical error. It is in fact not only a delusion but also a snare. » [SLATER, 1965] L'hystérie ainsi érigée en symbole des errements de la médecine était vouée à disparaître. Son éradication participait d'une croisade morale de purification de la science médicale par l'expurgation rigoureuse de l'inorganique, présenté comme de l'organique ignoré 18 . Ce processus de disqualification n'a vraisemblablement épargné aucune des catégories diagnostiques désignant des troubles résistant au réduction-nisme médical, neurasthénie incluse, sans toujours aller aussi loin. Il explique aussi que les SSF se, Les personnes bien-portantes, n'ayant aucune raison de l'entreprendre, n'ont guère de chance de parvenir à la conclusion qu'elles sont hypersensibles, ou que l'évitement des produits chimiques ou des CEM amé-liore concrètement leur état de santé

, symptômes somatiques : elles apparaissent moins probantes que les explications somatogéniques, sinon appelées à s'effacer devant elles 19 . Ainsi, les conceptions psychiatriques qui ont succédé à l'hystérie et à la neurasthénie ont échoué à s'imposer comme une désignation satisfaisante des troubles X au sein de la communauté médicale : les TSF sont aujourd'hui chroniquement sous-diagnostiqués par rapport à leur prévalence estimée. En exploitant les données d'un assureur privé américain, Seconde conséquence : déconsidération des nouvelles conceptions psychiatriques Les transformations de l'épistémè médicale ont aussi concouru à la déconsidération des explications psychogéniques des, 2011.

, De nombreuses études ont tenté d'expliquer ce phénomène

M. Récente, ] l'attribuent en premier lieu à la « prédominance du modèle biomédi-cal de la maladie » parmi les médecins. Outre qu'ils craignent, en diagnostiquant un TSF, de manquer une maladie organique 20 , ils se montrent réticents, 2016.

;. Le-travail-de and . Stone, Slater a manifestement été mené à charge : les estimations suivantes sont parvenues à des taux d'erreur diagnostique comparables à ceux des principaux troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques, et à des conclusions beaucoup moins négatives, 2005.

, Il n'en a pas moins favorisé l'abandon définitif de l'hystérie dans la nosographie psychiatrique

, en fournit une illustration : elle a entraîné la réintégration de l'ulcère gastro-duodénal dans le domaine de l'infectiologie, alors qu'il constituait depuis plusieurs décennies une affection psychosomatique paradigmatique. Les tentatives toujours renouvelées d'identifier des substrats ou des traitements somatiques aux troubles mentaux en fournissent une autre : elles attestent que la psychiatrie elle-même n'a jamais abandonné la, 1982.

, En pratique, cela semble n'arriver que rarement

, cine qui sache les accueillir sans dédain ni fausses promesses, pour paraphraser Malraux, qu'elles leur permettent de conquérir leur liberté contre leur propre souffrance

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