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P. *. Brugaillères, C. Chabanet, S. Issanchou, and C. Schwartz, Vérone (Italie), Septembre 2018. RÉSUMÉ Être capable d'ajuster les quantités consommées selon la densité énergétique des aliments contribue au maintien de l'équilibre de la balance énergétique. Dans un contexte de prévalence du surpoids chez l'enfant, il est crucial d'identifier les facteurs précoces susceptibles d'affecter les capacités d'ajustement énergétique. Durant toute la diversification alimentaire, les quantités ingérées, et donc les capacités d'ajustement énergétique, Flash presentation Congrès European conference on sensory and consumer research

, Une étude épidémiologique suggère que les capacités d'ajustement énergétique se détérioreraient vers l'âge de un an. C'est aussi à cette période que survient le passage d'une alimentation spécifique bébé à une alimentation de type adulte

. Aussi, nous avons mis en place un suivi longitudinal afin de décrire, à l'aide d'une mesure expérimentale de compensation calorique, les changements développementaux des capacités d'ajustement énergétique entre 11 et 15 mois. Nous avons aussi exploré si certains facteurs relatifs aux caractéristiques individuelles des nourrissons, aux aliments qu'ils avaient consommés ou à l'interaction mère-nourrisson au cours du repas étaient liés aux capacités d'ajustement énergétique. Nous avons mis en évidence qu'à 11 et 15 mois les nourrissons sous-compensent leur prise énergétique à la suite de la consommation d

, À 11 mois, les nourrissons ont de meilleures capacités d'ajustement énergétique lorsque, au cours du repas, la mère adapte le rythme des cuillerées à la taille des cuillerées ce qui pourrait refléter un nourrissage réceptif. À 15 mois, les nourrissons ajustent leur prise alimentaire sur des critères volumétriques plutôt que caloriques. Quel que soit l'âge, aucun lien n'a été mis en évidence entre l'expérience alimentaire des nourrissons (lactée et diversifiée) et leurs capacités d'ajustement énergétique. Concernant les changements développementaux, nous avons montré que les capacités d'ajustement énergétique se détériorent de 11 à 15 mois. Les nourrissons pour lesquels cette détérioration est plus importante sont perçus par leur mère comme étant plus 'attirés' par la nourriture. De plus, la détérioration des capacités d'ajustement énergétique est associée à une augmentation du z-IMC entre 11 et 15 mois et à un z-IMC plus élevé à 24 mois. Par ailleurs, plus les nourrissons sont exposés à des recettes de légumes de densité énergétique variable entre 8 et 11 mois, moins leur z-IMC est élevé à 8 mois et 11 mois. Ce travail souligne que les capacités d'ajustement énergétique sont associées à différents facteurs précoces relatifs au fonctionnement de la dyade mère-nourrisson et au statut pondéral des nourrissons. Ces résultats ouvrent un nouveau champ de recherche visant à comprendre la causalité de ces liens

, Mots-clés : compensation calorique, statut pondéral, diversification alimentaire, nourrissage réceptif