A. M. Abel, C. Yang, M. S. Thakar, and S. Malarkannan, Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization, Front. Immunol, vol.9, p.1869, 2018.

,

M. Adib-conquy, D. Scott-algara, J. Cavaillon, and F. Souza-fonseca-guimaraes, TLRmediated activation of NK cells and their role in bacterial/viral immune responses in mammals, 2014.

, Immunol. Cell Biol, vol.92, pp.256-262

I. Agache and C. A. Akdis, Endotypes of allergic diseases and asthma: An important step in building blocks for the future of precision medicine, Allergol. Int, vol.65, pp.243-252, 2016.

,

S. Akira and K. Takeda, Toll-like receptor signalling, Nat. Rev. Immunol, vol.4, pp.499-511, 2004.

,

Z. Allakhverdi, M. R. Comeau, D. E. Smith, D. Toy, L. M. Endam et al., CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells are potent effectors of allergic inflammation, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.123, pp.472-478, 2009.

D. S. Allan, B. Rybalov, G. Awong, J. C. Zúñiga-pflücker, H. D. Kopcow et al.,

J. L. Strominger, TGF-? affects development and differentiation of human natural killer cell subsets, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.40, pp.2289-2295, 2010.

S. Al-muhsen, J. R. Johnson, and Q. Hamid, Remodeling in asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.128, pp.451-462, 2011.

W. Al-ramli, D. Préfontaine, F. Chouiali, J. G. Martin, R. Olivenstein et al., TH17-associated cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) in severe asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.123, pp.1185-1187, 2009.

M. C. Altman, E. Whalen, A. Togias, G. T. O'connor, L. B. Bacharier et al., Allergen-induced activation of natural killer cells represents an early-life immune response in the development of allergic asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.142, pp.1856-1866, 2018.

,

K. Amano, M. Hirayama, E. Azuma, S. Iwamoto, Y. Keida et al., Neutrophils Induced Licensing of Natural Killer Cells, Mediators Inflamm, vol.2015, pp.1-8, 2015.

,

K. Amin, The role of mast cells in allergic inflammation, Respir. Med, vol.106, pp.9-14, 2012.

,

T. I. Arnon, H. Achdout, O. Levi, G. Markel, N. Saleh et al.,

J. Hanna, E. Nahari, A. Porgador, A. Honigman, B. Plachter et al., Inhibition of the NKp30 activating receptor by pp65 of human cytomegalovirus, Nat. Immunol, vol.6, pp.515-523, 2005.

T. I. Arnon, M. Lev, G. Katz, Y. Chernobrov, A. Porgador et al., Recognition of viral hemagglutinins by NKp44 but not by NKp30, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.31, pp.2680-2689, 2001.

, , vol.31, 200109.

A. Awad, H. Yassine, M. Barrier, H. Vorng, P. Marquillies et al., Natural Killer Cells Induce Eosinophil Activation and Apoptosis, PLoS ONE, vol.9, 2014.

K. E. Barletta, R. E. Cagnina, K. L. Wallace, S. I. Ramos, B. Mehrad et al., Leukocyte compartments in the mouse lung: distinguishing between marginated, interstitial, and alveolar cells in response to injury, J. Immunol. Methods, vol.375, pp.100-110, 2012.

,

C. Barnig, M. Cernadas, S. Dutile, X. Liu, M. A. Perrella et al., Lipoxin A4 regulates natural killer cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation in asthma, Sci. Transl. Med, vol.5, 2013.

C. Barnig, N. Frossard, and B. D. Levy, Towards targeting resolution pathways of airway inflammation in asthma, Pharmacol. Ther, vol.186, pp.98-113, 2018.

,

P. Baruwa and K. R. Sarmah, Obesity and asthma. Lung India Off, Organ Indian Chest Soc, vol.30, pp.38-46, 2013.

A. Beldi-ferchiou and S. Caillat-zucman, Control of NK Cell Activation by Immune Checkpoint Molecules, Int. J. Mol. Sci, vol.18, p.2129, 2017.

F. Bellora, R. Castriconi, A. Dondero, A. Pessino, A. Nencioni et al., TLR activation of tumor-associated macrophages from ovarian cancer patients triggers cytolytic activity of NK cells, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.44, pp.1814-1822, 2014.

F. Bellora, R. Castriconi, A. Doni, C. Cantoni, L. Moretta et al., M-CSF induces the expression of a membrane-bound form of IL-18 in a subset of human monocytes differentiating in vitro toward macrophages, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.42, pp.1618-1626, 2012.

,

J. Bi and Z. Tian, NK Cell Exhaustion. Front. Immunol, 2017.

,

N. K. Björkström, P. Riese, F. Heuts, S. Andersson, C. Fauriat et al., Expression patterns of NKG2A, KIR, and CD57 define a process of CD56dim NK-cell differentiation uncoupled from NK-cell education, Blood, vol.116, pp.3853-3864, 2010.

,

W. A. Boivin, D. M. Cooper, P. R. Hiebert, and D. J. Granville, Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma, Lab. Investig. J. Tech. Methods Pathol, vol.89, pp.1195-1220, 2009.

F. Braido, A. Tiotiu, K. Kowal, S. Mihaicuta, P. Novakova et al., Phenotypes/endotypes-driven treatment in asthma, Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.1, 2018.

R. D. Britt, M. A. Thompson, S. K. Sasse, C. M. Pabelick, A. N. Gerber et al., , p.1, 2018.

T. Cytokines and I. , Promote Corticosteroid Resistance in Developing Human Airway Smooth Muscle, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol

,

T. Buch, F. L. Heppner, C. Tertilt, T. J. Heinen, M. Kremer et al.,

A. Waisman, A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration, Nat. Methods, vol.2, pp.419-426, 2005.

K. F. Buckland, E. O'connor, L. A. Murray, and C. M. Hogaboam, Toll like receptor-2 modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses during chronic fungal asthma in mice, Inflamm. Res, vol.57, pp.379-387, 2008.

D. M. Bullens, E. Truyen, L. Coteur, E. Dilissen, P. W. Hellings et al., IL-17 mRNA in sputum of asthmatic patients: linking T cell driven inflammation and granulocytic influx?, Respir. Res, 2006.

W. W. Busse, R. F. Lemanske, and J. E. Gern, Role of viral respiratory infections in asthma and asthma exacerbations, The Lancet, vol.376, issue.10, p.61380, 2010.

T. F. Carr and M. Kraft, Use of biomarkers to identify phenotypes and endotypes of severeasthma, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Allergy Asthma Immunol, vol.121, pp.414-420, 2018.

C. Chaput, L. E. Sander, N. Suttorp, and B. Opitz, NOD-Like Receptors in Lung Diseases, 2013.

D. F. Choy, K. M. Hart, L. A. Borthwick, A. Shikotra, D. R. Nagarkar et al., TH2 and TH17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma, Sci. Transl. Med, vol.7, 2015.

K. F. Chung, S. E. Wenzel, J. L. Brozek, A. Bush, M. Castro et al., International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma, Eur. Respir. J, vol.43, pp.343-373, 2014.

D. Cibrián and F. Sánchez-madrid, CD69: from activation marker to metabolic gatekeeper, 2017.

, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.47, pp.946-953

L. Cifaldi, G. Prencipe, I. Caiello, C. Bracaglia, F. Locatelli et al., Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity by Interleukin-6: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Macrophage Activation Syndrome: INHIBITION OF NK CELL CYTOTOXICITY BY IL-6, Arthritis Rheumatol, vol.67, pp.3037-3046, 2015.

M. G. Cisternas, P. D. Blanc, I. H. Yen, P. P. Katz, G. Earnest et al., A comprehensive study of the direct and indirect costs of adult asthma, J. Allergy Clin, 2003.

. Immunol, , vol.111, pp.1212-1218

G. Coma, R. Peña, J. Blanco, A. Rosell, F. E. Borras et al., Treatment of monocytes with interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-18 stimulates survival, differentiation and the production of CXC chemokine ligands (CXCL)8, CXCL9 and CXCL10, Clin. Exp. Immunol, vol.145, pp.535-544, 2006.

A. Crinier, C. Viant, M. Girard-madoux, and É. Vivier, , 2017.

, Med. Sci. MS, vol.33, pp.534-542

F. J. Culley, J. Pollott, and P. J. Openshaw, Age at First Viral Infection Determines the Pattern of T Cell-mediated Disease during Reinfection in Adulthood, J. Exp. Med, vol.196, pp.1381-1386, 2002.

A. De-maria and L. Moretta, Revisited function of human NK cell subsets, Cell Cycle, vol.10, pp.1178-1179, 2011.

C. De-rham, S. Ferrari-lacraz, S. Jendly, G. Schneiter, J. Dayer et al., The proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21 modulate the repertoire of mature human natural killer cell receptors, Arthritis Res. Ther, vol.9, 2007.

M. Delmas and C. Fuhrman, L'asthme en France : synthèse des données épidémiologiques descriptives, Rev. Mal. Respir, vol.27, pp.151-159, 2010.

D. Santo and J. P. , Natural killer cell developmental pathways: a question of balance, Annu. Rev. Immunol, vol.24, pp.257-286, 2006.

C. J. Duncan, A. Lawrie, M. G. Blaylock, J. G. Douglas, and G. M. Walsh, Reduced eosinophil apoptosis in induced sputum correlates with asthma severity, Eur. Respir. J, vol.22, pp.484-490, 2003.

,

S. R. Durrani, D. J. Montville, A. S. Pratt, S. Sahu, M. K. Devries et al., Innate immune responses to rhinovirus are reduced by the high-affinity IgE receptor in allergic asthmatic children, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.130, pp.489-495, 2012.

M. G. Duvall, C. Barnig, M. Cernadas, I. Ricklefs, N. Krishnamoorthy et al.,

M. C. Peters, B. R. Phillips, E. Israel, and B. D. Levy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program-3 Investigators, 2017. Natural killer cell-mediated inflammation resolution is disabled in severe asthma, Sci. Immunol, vol.2

M. R. Edwards, N. Regamey, M. Vareille, E. Kieninger, A. Gupta et al.,

A. Sykes, J. Macintyre, J. Davies, C. Bossley, A. Bush et al., Impaired innate interferon induction in severe therapy resistant atopic asthmatic children, Mucosal Immunol, vol.6, pp.797-806, 2013.

L. Everaere, S. Ait-yahia, O. Molendi-coste, H. Vorng, S. Quemener et al.,

E. Bouchaert, Y. Fan, C. Duez, P. De-nadai, B. Staels et al., Innate lymphoid cells contribute to allergic airway disease exacerbation by obesity, J. Allergy Clin, 2016.

. Immunol, , vol.138, pp.1309-1318

S. S. Farag, Natural killer cell receptors: new biology and insights into the graft-versusleukemia effect, Blood, vol.100, pp.1935-1947, 2002.

N. Farhadi, L. Lambert, C. Triulzi, P. J. Openshaw, N. Guerra et al., Natural killer cell NKG2D and granzyme B are critical for allergic pulmonary inflammation?, J. Allergy Clin, 2014.

. Immunol, , vol.133, pp.827-835

C. Fauriat, M. A. Ivarsson, H. Ljunggren, K. Malmberg, and J. Michaëlsson, Education of human natural killer cells by activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, Blood, vol.115, pp.1166-1174, 2010.

H. Fehrenbach, C. Wagner, and M. Wegmann, Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters, Cell Tissue Res, vol.367, pp.551-569, 2017.

G. Ferlazzo, M. Pack, D. Thomas, C. Paludan, D. Schmid et al., Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.101, pp.16606-16611, 2004.

M. E. Ferrini, S. Hong, A. Stierle, D. Stierle, N. Stella et al., CB2 receptors regulate natural killer cells that limit allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma, Allergy, vol.72, pp.937-947, 2017.

A. M. Fitzpatrick, F. Holguin, W. G. Teague, and L. A. Brown, Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis is impaired in children with poorly controlled asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.121, pp.1-3, 1378.

L. Fleming, L. Tsartsali, N. Wilson, N. Regamey, and A. Bush, Sputum inflammatory phenotypes are not stable in children with asthma, Thorax, vol.67, pp.675-681, 2012.

,

J. G. Ford, D. Rennick, D. D. Donaldson, R. Venkayya, C. Mcarthur et al.,

M. Warnock and G. Grünig, Il-13 and IFN-gamma: interactions in lung inflammation, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.167, pp.1769-1777, 1950.

A. G. Freud, B. L. Mundy-bosse, J. Yu, and M. A. Caligiuri, The Broad Spectrum of Human Natural Killer Cell Diversity, Immunity, vol.47, pp.820-833, 2017.

A. G. Freud, J. Yu, and M. A. Caligiuri, Human natural killer cell development in secondary lymphoid tissues, Semin. Immunol, vol.26, pp.132-137, 2014.

B. Fuchs, S. Knothe, S. Rochlitzer, M. Nassimi, M. Greweling et al., A Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Agonist Reduces Allergic Airway Inflammation in Chronic Respiratory Sensitisation to Timothy Grass Pollen Antigens, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol, vol.152, pp.131-139, 2010.

,

S. J. Galli, M. Tsai, and A. M. Piliponsky, The development of allergic inflammation, Nature, vol.454, pp.445-454, 2008.

F. Gerosa, A. Gobbi, P. Zorzi, S. Burg, F. Briere et al., The Reciprocal Interaction of NK Cells with Plasmacytoid or Myeloid Dendritic Cells Profoundly Affects Innate Resistance Functions, J. Immunol, vol.174, pp.727-734, 2005.

H. Ghadially, A. Horani, A. Glasner, M. Elboim, R. Gazit et al., NKp46 regulates allergic responses, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.43, pp.3006-3016, 2013.

,

M. A. Gill, The role of dendritic cells in asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.129, pp.889-901, 2012.

,

, GINA Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2017.

. Glob, . Initiat, and . Asthma--gina,

S. Hadebe, F. Brombacher, and G. D. Brown, C-Type Lectin Receptors in Asthma, 2018.

. Immunol,

P. Haldar, I. D. Pavord, D. E. Shaw, M. A. Berry, M. Thomas et al., Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.178, pp.218-224, 2008.

S. Hamano, K. Matsumoto, K. Tonai, S. Fukuyama, K. Kan-o et al., Effects of corticosteroid plus long-acting beta2-agonist on the expression of PD-L1 in double-stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation in mice, J. Inflamm, 2017.

,

H. Hammad and B. N. Lambrecht, Dendritic Cells in Asthma, Handbook of Dendritic Cells, pp.1059-1079, 2006.

O. M. Hart, V. Athie-morales, G. M. O'connor, and C. M. Gardiner, TLR7/8-Mediated Activation of Human NK Cells Results in Accessory Cell-Dependent IFN-Production, J. Immunol, vol.175, pp.1636-1642, 2005.

D. Hartl, B. Koller, A. T. Mehlhorn, D. Reinhardt, T. Nicolai et al., Quantitative and functional impairment of pulmonary CD4+CD25hi regulatory T cells in pediatric asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.119, pp.1258-1266, 2007.

,

E. Haspeslagh, M. J. Van-helden, K. Deswarte, S. De-prijck, J. Van-moorleghem et al., Role of NKp46 + natural killer cells in house dust mite-driven asthma, EMBO Mol. Med, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02118044

O. Haworth, M. Cernadas, and B. D. Levy, NK Cells Are Effectors for Resolvin E1 in the Timely Resolution of Allergic Airway Inflammation, J. Immunol, vol.186, pp.6129-6135, 2011.

,

Y. Hayakawa, N. D. Huntington, S. L. Nutt, and M. J. Smyth, Functional subsets of mouse natural killer cells, Immunol. Rev, vol.214, pp.47-55, 2006.

Y. He, J. Cao, C. Zhao, X. Li, C. Zhou et al., TIM-3, a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, OncoTargets Ther, vol.11, pp.7005-7009, 2018.

,

C. L. Hofstra, I. Van-ark, G. Hofman, M. Kool, F. P. Nijkamp et al., Prevention of Th2-like cell responses by coadministration of IL-12 and IL-18 is associated with inhibition of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and serum IgE levels, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.161, pp.5054-5060, 1950.

K. Hosoki, S. Ying, C. Corrigan, H. Qi, A. Kurosky et al., Analysis of a Panel of 48 Cytokines in BAL Fluids Specifically Identifies IL-8 Levels as the Only Cytokine that Distinguishes Controlled Asthma from Uncontrolled Asthma, and Correlates Inversely with FEV1, PLOS ONE, vol.10, 2015.

T. J. Huang, P. A. Macary, P. Eynott, A. Moussavi, K. C. Daniel et al.,

K. F. Chung, Allergen-specific Th1 cells counteract efferent Th2 cell-dependent bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation partly via IFN-gamma, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.166, pp.207-217, 1950.

Y. J. Huang and H. A. Boushey, The microbiome in asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.135, pp.25-30, 2015.

C. Irvin, I. Zafar, J. Good, D. Rollins, C. Christianson et al., Increased frequency of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characterizes a population of patients with severe asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.134, pp.1175-1186, 2014.

C. J. Janeway, P. Travers, and M. Walport, The production of IgE -Immunobiology -NCBI Bookshelf, 2001.

M. Jarahian, M. Fiedler, A. Cohnen, D. Djandji, G. J. Hämmerling et al.,

P. C. Turner, R. W. Moyer, C. Watzl, H. Hengel, and F. Momburg, Modulation of NKp30-and NKp46-mediated natural killer cell responses by poxviral hemagglutinin, PLoS Pathog, vol.7, 2011.

A. Jayaraman, D. J. Jackson, S. D. Message, R. M. Pearson, J. Aniscenko et al.,

N. W. Bartlett, IL-15 complexes induce NK-and T-cell responses independent of type I IFN signaling during rhinovirus infection, Mucosal Immunol, vol.7, pp.1151-1164, 2014.

,

M. Jira, E. Antosova, V. Vondra, J. Strejcek, H. Mazakova et al., Natural killer and interleukin-2 induced cytotoxicity in asthmatics.: I. Effect of acute antigen-specific challenge, Allergy, vol.43, pp.294-298, 1988.

A. C. Jirmo, K. Daluege, C. Happle, M. Albrecht, A. Dittrich et al., IL-27 Is Essential for, 2016.

, Agonist R848 (Resiquimod), J. Immunol, vol.197, pp.4219-4227

,

T. Kawai and S. Akira, Toll-like Receptors and Their Crosstalk with Other Innate Receptors in Infection and Immunity, Immunity, vol.34, pp.637-650, 2011.

J. L. Kennedy, M. Shaker, V. Mcmeen, J. Gern, H. Carper et al., Comparison of Viral Load in Individuals with and without Asthma during Infections with, 2014.

, Rhinovirus. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.189, pp.532-539

J. L. Kennedy, R. B. Turner, T. Braciale, P. W. Heymann, and L. Borish, Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection, Curr. Opin. Virol, vol.2, pp.287-293, 2012.

M. Kim, N. R. Osborne, W. Zeng, H. Donaghy, K. Mckinnon et al., Herpes Simplex Virus Antigens Directly Activate NK Cells via TLR2, Thus Facilitating Their Presentation to CD4 T Lymphocytes, J. Immunol, vol.188, pp.4158-4170, 2012.

,

Y. K. Kim, J. S. Shin, and M. H. Nahm, NOD-Like Receptors in Infection, Immunity, and Diseases, Yonsei Med. J, vol.57, pp.5-14, 2016.

M. S. Kormann, M. Depner, D. Hartl, N. Klopp, T. Illig et al., Toll-like receptor heterodimer variants protect from childhood asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.122, pp.86-92, 2008.

,

M. Korsgren, C. G. Persson, F. Sundler, T. Bjerke, T. Hansson et al.,

L. V. Kaer, H. Ljunggren, and O. Korsgren, Natural Killer Cells Determine Development of Allergen-induced Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Mice, J. Exp. Med, vol.189, pp.553-562, 1999.

,

N. Krishnamoorthy, P. R. Burkett, J. Dalli, R. E. Abdulnour, R. Colas et al., , p.1, 2015.

, Engages Regulatory T Cells To Limit Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation and Promote Resolution of Lung Inflammation, J. Immunol, vol.194, pp.863-867

,

P. H. Kruse, J. Matta, S. Ugolini, and E. Vivier, Natural cytotoxicity receptors and their ligands, 2014.

, Immunol. Cell Biol, vol.92, pp.221-229

R. K. Kumar, D. C. Webb, C. Herbert, and P. S. Foster, Interferon-gamma as a possible target in chronic asthma, Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets, vol.5, pp.253-256, 2006.

M. E. Kuruvilla, F. E. Lee, .. Lee, and G. B. , Understanding Asthma Phenotypes, Endotypes, and Mechanisms of Disease, Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol, 2018.

B. N. Lambrecht and H. Hammad, The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis, Nat. Immunol, vol.18, pp.1076-1083, 2017.

B. N. Lambrecht and H. Hammad, The immunology of asthma, Nat. Immunol, vol.16, pp.45-56, 2014.

,

L. L. Lanier, NKG2D Receptor and Its Ligands in Host Defense, Cancer Immunol. Res, vol.3, pp.575-582, 2015.

R. Lazarus, B. A. Raby, C. Lange, E. K. Silverman, D. J. Kwiatkowski et al.,

F. D. Martinez and S. T. Weiss, TOLL-like receptor 10 genetic variation is associated with asthma in two independent samples, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.170, pp.594-600, 2004.

,

N. L. Li, C. L. Davidson, A. Humar, and D. N. Burshtyn, Modulation of the inhibitory receptor leukocyte Ig-like receptor 1 on human natural killer cells, Front. Immunol, vol.2, p.46, 2011.

J. F. Lima, L. M. Oliveira, N. Z. Pereira, A. J. Duarte, and M. N. Sato, Polyfunctional natural killer cells with a low activation profile in response to Toll-like receptor 3 activation in HIV-1-exposed seronegative subjects, Sci. Rep, vol.7, 2017.

S. Lin, L. Chang, D. Yan, Y. Huang, T. Lin et al., Decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) and L-selectin (CD62L) expression on peripheral blood natural killer cells in asthmatic children with acute exacerbation, Allergy, vol.58, pp.67-71, 2003.

R. Lozano, M. Naghavi, K. Foreman, S. Lim, K. Shibuya et al.,

R. Aggarwal, S. Y. Ahn, M. A. Almazroa, M. Alvarado, H. R. Anderson et al.,

D. Bennett, K. Bhalla, B. Bikbov, A. B. Abdulhak, G. Birbeck et al.,

D. C. Dharmaratne, S. D. Dorsey, E. R. Driscoll, T. Duber, H. Ebel et al.,

D. Medina, Y. A. Halasa, D. Haring, J. E. Harrison, R. Havmoeller et al.,

R. Krishnamurthi, M. Lipnick, S. E. Lipshultz, S. L. Ohno, J. Mabweijano et al.,

J. H. Mcanulty, M. M. Mcdermott, J. Mcgrath, Z. A. Memish, G. A. Mensah et al.,

C. Michaud, M. Miller, T. R. Miller, C. Mock, A. O. Mocumbi et al.,

K. Mulholland, M. N. Nair, L. Naldi, K. M. Narayan, K. Nasseri et al.,

S. B. Omer, K. Ortblad, R. Osborne, D. Ozgediz, B. Pahari et al.,

A. Zabetian, Z. Zheng, A. D. Lopez, and C. J. Murray, Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, The Lancet, vol.380, pp.2095-2128, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00827612

C. Luci, C. Gaudy-marqueste, P. Rouzaire, S. Audonnet, C. Cognet et al., Peripheral natural killer cells exhibit qualitative and quantitative changes in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, Br. J. Dermatol, vol.166, pp.789-796, 2012.

L. P. Lunding, S. Webering, C. Vock, J. Behrends, C. Wagner et al., Poly(inosinic-cytidylic) Acid-Triggered Exacerbation of Experimental Asthma Depends on IL-17A Produced by NK Cells, J. Immunol, vol.194, pp.5615-5625, 2015.

,

T. Lysakova-devine and C. O'farrelly, Tissue-specific NK cell populations and their origin, J. Leukoc. Biol, vol.96, pp.981-990, 2014.

S. Manners, R. Alam, D. A. Schwartz, and M. M. Gorska, A mouse model links asthma susceptibility to prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.134, pp.63-72, 2014.

C. B. Mathias, L. A. Guernsey, D. Zammit, C. Brammer, C. A. Wu et al., Pro-inflammatory role of natural killer cells in the development of allergic airway disease, 2014.

, Clin. Exp. Allergy, vol.44, pp.589-601

S. K. Mathur, P. S. Fichtinger, J. T. Kelly, W. Lee, J. E. Gern et al., Interaction between allergy and innate immunity: model for eosinophil regulation of epithelial cell interferon expression, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Allergy Asthma Immunol, vol.111, pp.25-31, 2013.

X. Michelet, L. Dyck, A. Hogan, R. M. Loftus, D. Duquette et al., Metabolic reprogramming of natural killer cells in obesity limits antitumor responses, Nat. Immunol, vol.19, pp.1330-1340, 2018.

P. D. Mitchell and P. M. O'byrne, Epithelial-Derived Cytokines in Asthma. Chest, vol.151, pp.1338-1344, 2017.

W. C. Moore, D. A. Meyers, S. E. Wenzel, W. G. Teague, H. Li et al.,

K. F. Chung, S. A. Comhair, R. A. Dweik, E. Israel, S. P. Peters et al., Identification of Asthma Phenotypes Using Cluster Analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.181, pp.315-323, 2010.

,

Y. Moreno-valencia, V. A. Hernandez-hernandez, and J. A. Romero-espinoza,

R. H. Castillejos-lopez, M. Hernandez, A. Perez-padilla, R. Alejandre-garcia, A. De-la et al.,

D. Zamboni, C. E. Ormsby, and J. A. Vazquez-perez, Detection and characterization of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory illness and asthma exacerbation in children during three different seasons, Influenza Other Respir. Viruses, vol.9, pp.287-292, 2011.

,

A. G. Mosser, R. Vrtis, L. Burchell, W. Lee, C. R. Dick et al., Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Rhinovirus Infection in Bronchial Tissues, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.171, pp.645-651, 2005.

T. F. Müller, D. Gicklhorn, T. Jungraithmayr, M. Eickmann, H. Lange et al., Pattern and persistence of the epitope-specific IgM response against human cytomegalovirus in renal transplant patients, J. Clin. Virol. Off. Publ. Pan Am. Soc. Clin. Virol, vol.24, pp.45-56, 2002.

A. M. Nanzer, E. S. Chambers, K. Ryanna, D. F. Richards, C. Black et al., Enhanced production of IL-17A in patients with severe asthma is inhibited by 1?,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a glucocorticoidindependent fashion, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.132, pp.297-304, 2013.

,

E. Narni-mancinelli, J. Chaix, A. Fenis, Y. M. Kerdiles, N. Yessaad et al., Fate mapping analysis of lymphoid cells expressing the NKp46 cell surface receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.108, pp.18324-18329, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00672199

E. Narni-mancinelli, L. Gauthier, M. Baratin, S. Guia, A. Fenis et al., Complement factor P is a ligand for the natural killer cell-activating receptor NKp46, Sci. Immunol, vol.2, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01996175

M. Ohira, S. Nishida, P. Tryphonopoulos, P. Ruiz, H. Ohdan et al., Impact of Steroids on Natural Killer Cells Against Cytotoxicity and Hepatitis C Virus Replication, 2017.

, Proc, vol.49, pp.1160-1164

B. G. Oliver, P. Robinson, M. Peters, and J. Black, Viral infections and asthma: an inflammatory interface?, Eur. Respir. J, vol.44, pp.1666-1681, 2014.

,

T. A. Omachi, C. Iribarren, U. Sarkar, I. Tolstykh, E. H. Yelin et al., Risk factors for death in adults with severe asthma, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2008.

. Off, Am. Coll. Allergy Asthma Immunol, vol.101, issue.10, pp.60200-60201

L. A. O'neill, D. Golenbock, and A. G. Bowie, The history of Toll-like receptors -redefining innate immunity, Nat. Rev. Immunol, vol.13, pp.453-460, 2013.

C. Ordonez, T. Shaughnessy, M. Matthay, and J. Fahy, Increased Neutrophil Numbers and IL-8 Levels in Airway Secretions in Acute Severe Asthma: Clinical and Biologic Significance, 2000.

J. Respir, Crit. Care Med, vol.161, pp.1185-1190

K. Pallmer and A. Oxenius, Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells, 2016.

,

A. D. Pandya, Z. Al-jaderi, R. A. Høglund, T. Holmøy, H. F. Harbo et al., Identification of human NK17/NK1 cells, PloS One, vol.6, 2011.

A. Papi, C. Brightling, S. E. Pedersen, and H. K. Reddel, Asthma. The Lancet, vol.391, pp.783-800, 2018.

, , pp.33311-33312

K. S. Parsons, A. C. Hsu, and P. A. Wark, TLR3 and MDA5 signalling, although not expression, is impaired in asthmatic epithelial cells in response to rhinovirus infection, Clin. Exp, 2014.

, Allergy J. Br. Soc. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.44, pp.91-101

S. T. Passos, J. S. Silver, A. C. O'hara, D. Sehy, J. S. Stumhofer et al., , p.6, 2010.

, Promotes NK Cell Production of IL-17 during Toxoplasmosis, J. Immunol, vol.184, pp.1776-1783

,

J. E. Pease, Asthma, allergy and chemokines, Curr. Drug Targets, vol.7, pp.3-12, 2006.

B. K. Pedersen and J. M. Beyer, Characterization of the in vitro effects of glucocorticosteroids on NK cell activity, Allergy, vol.41, pp.220-224, 1986.

S. Pesce, F. B. Thoren, C. Cantoni, C. Prato, L. Moretta et al., The Innate Immune Cross Talk between NK Cells and Eosinophils Is Regulated by the Interaction of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors with Eosinophil Surface Ligands, Front. Immunol, vol.8, 2017.

C. Ple, M. Barrier, L. Amniai, P. Marquillies, J. Bertout et al., Natural Killer Cells Accumulate in Lung-Draining Lymph Nodes and Regulate Airway Eosinophilia in a Murine Model of Asthma: NK Cells in a Murine Model of Asthma, 2010.

, J. Immunol, vol.72, pp.118-127

L. Quatrini, E. Wieduwild, B. Escaliere, J. Filtjens, L. Chasson et al., Endogenous glucocorticoids control host resistance to viral infection through the tissuespecific regulation of PD-1 expression on NK cells, Nat. Immunol, vol.19, pp.954-962, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02086848

,

M. M. Rahim, M. M. Tu, A. B. Mahmoud, A. Wight, E. Abou-samra et al., Ly49 Receptors: Innate and Adaptive Immune Paradigms, Front. Immunol, vol.5, 2014.

R. Rajalingam, Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Disease, Clin. Lab. Med, vol.38, pp.637-653, 2018.

A. Ray, M. Raundhal, T. B. Oriss, P. Ray, and S. E. Wenzel, Current concepts of severe asthma, J. Clin. Invest, vol.126, pp.2394-2403, 2016.

V. Redecke, H. Hacker, S. K. Datta, A. Fermin, P. M. Pitha et al., Cutting Edge: Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Induces a Th2 Immune Response and Promotes Experimental Asthma, J. Immunol, vol.172, pp.2739-2743, 2004.

S. Reuter, N. Dehzad, H. Martin, L. Bohm, M. Becker et al., TLR3 but Not TLR7/8 Ligand Induces Allergic Sensitization to Inhaled Allergen, J. Immunol, vol.188, pp.5123-5131, 2012.

S. Reuter, M. Stassen, and C. Taube, Mast Cells in Allergic Asthma and Beyond, 2010.

, J, vol.51

S. Saglani and C. M. Lloyd, Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma, 2015.

, Eur. Respir. J, vol.46, pp.1796-1804

K. U. Saikh, J. S. Lee, T. L. Kissner, B. Dyas, and R. G. Ulrich, Toll-like receptor and cytokine expression patterns of CD56+ T cells are similar to natural killer cells in response to infection with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons, J. Infect. Dis, vol.188, pp.1562-1570, 2003.

,

K. Samitas, E. Zervas, and M. Gaga, T2-low asthma: current approach to diagnosis and therapy, Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med, vol.23, pp.48-55, 2017.

J. L. Schafer, M. C. Müller-trutwin, and R. K. Reeves, NK cell exhaustion: bad news for chronic disease?, Oncotarget, vol.6, pp.21797-21798, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01960750

G. Schett and M. F. Neurath, Resolution of chronic inflammatory disease: universal and tissuespecific concepts, Nat. Commun, vol.9, 2018.

F. Scordamaglia, M. Balsamo, A. Scordamaglia, A. Moretta, M. C. Mingari et al.,

L. Moretta and M. Vitale, Perturbations of natural killer cell regulatory functions in respiratory allergic diseases, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.121, pp.479-485, 2008.

,

C. Seillet and G. T. Belz, Differentiation and diversity of subsets in group 1 innate lymphoid cells, Int. Immunol, vol.28, pp.3-11, 2016.

J. Shannon, P. Ernst, Y. Yamauchi, R. Olivenstein, C. Lemiere et al., Differences in Airway Cytokine Profile in Severe Asthma Compared to Moderate Asthma, Chest, vol.133, pp.420-426, 2008.

B. Simons, M. E. Ferrini, S. Carvalho, D. J. Bassett, Z. Jaffar et al., , 2017.

, Controls Pulmonary NK Cells That Prevent Airway Sensitization to House Dust Mite Allergen

. Immunol, , vol.198, pp.461-471

V. Siroux, X. Basagana, A. Boudier, I. Pin, J. Garcia-aymerich et al., Identifying adult asthma phenotypes using a clustering approach, Eur. Respir. J, vol.38, pp.310-317, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00728341

M. M. Stein, C. L. Hrusch, J. Gozdz, C. Igartua, V. Pivniouk et al.,

M. Marques-dos-santos, R. L. Anderson, N. Metwali, J. W. Neilson, R. M. Maier et al., Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.375, pp.411-421, 2016.

C. A. Stewart, T. Walzer, S. H. Robbins, B. Malissen, E. Vivier et al., Germ-line and rearranged Tcrd transcription distinguish bona fide NK cells and NK-like gammadelta T cells, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00165522

, J. Immunol, vol.37, pp.1442-1452

J. R. Stokes and T. B. Casale, Characterization of asthma endotypes: implications for therapy, 2016.

, Ann. Allergy. Asthma. Immunol, vol.117, pp.121-125

C. A. Stone and E. K. Miller, Understanding the Association of Human Rhinovirus with Asthma, 2016.

. Clin, Vaccine Immunol, vol.23, pp.6-10

C. Sun, J. Xu, Q. Huang, M. Huang, H. Wen et al., High NKG2A expression contributes to NK cell exhaustion and predicts a poor prognosis of patients with liver cancer, Oncoimmunology, vol.6, 2017.

K. S. Tan, H. H. Ong, Y. Yan, J. Liu, C. Li et al., In Vitro Model of Fully Differentiated Human Nasal Epithelial Cells Infected With Rhinovirus Reveals Epithelium-Initiated Immune Responses, J. Infect. Dis, vol.217, pp.906-915, 2018.

,

F. B. Thorén, R. E. Riise, J. Ousbäck, M. Della-chiesa, M. Alsterholm et al., Human NK Cells induce neutrophil apoptosis via an NKp46-and Fas-dependent mechanism, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.188, pp.1668-1674, 1950.

T. Timonen and B. Stenius-aarniala, Natural killer cell activity in asthma, Clin. Exp. Immunol, vol.59, pp.85-90, 1985.

A. R. Van-buul and C. Taube, Treatment of severe asthma: entering the era of targeted therapy, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, vol.15, pp.1713-1725, 2015.

E. Van-tilburg-bernardes and M. Arrieta, Hygiene Hypothesis in Asthma Development: Is Hygiene to Blame?, Arch. Med. Res, vol.48, pp.717-726, 2017.

E. Vivier, D. Artis, M. Colonna, A. Diefenbach, J. P. Di-santo et al., , p.10, 2018.

, Years On. Cell, vol.174, pp.1054-1066

E. Vivier, E. Tomasello, M. Baratin, T. Walzer, and S. Ugolini, Functions of natural killer cells, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00294184

, Nat. Immunol, vol.9, pp.503-510

D. Voehringer, H. Liang, and R. M. Locksley, Homeostasis and effector function of lymphopenia-induced "memory-like" T cells in constitutively T cell-depleted mice, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.180, pp.4742-4753, 1950.

T. Walzer, Natural-killer cells and dendritic cells: "l'union fait la force, Blood, vol.106, pp.2252-2258, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00079034

T. Walzer, M. Blery, J. Chaix, N. Fuseri, L. Chasson et al.,

L. Gauthier, L. Daniel, K. Chemin, Y. Morel, M. Dalod et al.,

F. Romagne and E. Vivier, Identification, activation, and selective in vivo ablation of mouse NK cells via NKp46, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.104, pp.3384-3389, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00165486

,

J. Wang, F. Li, M. Zheng, R. Sun, H. Wei et al., Lung natural killer cells in mice: phenotype and response to respiratory infection, Immunology, vol.137, pp.37-47, 2012.

,

Y. Wang, K. S. Voo, B. Liu, C. Chen, B. Uygungil et al., A novel subset of CD4(+) T(H)2 memory/effector cells that produce inflammatory IL-17 cytokine and promote the exacerbation of chronic allergic asthma, J. Exp. Med, vol.207, pp.2479-2491, 2010.

P. A. Wark, Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus, J. Exp. Med, vol.201, pp.937-947, 2005.

R. Wehner, K. Dietze, M. Bachmann, and M. Schmitz, The Bidirectional Crosstalk between Human Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer Cells, J. Innate Immun, vol.3, pp.258-263, 2011.

,

R. Wehner, B. Löbel, M. Bornhäuser, K. Schäkel, M. Cartellieri et al.,

M. Schmitz, Reciprocal activating interaction between 6-sulfo LacNAc+ dendritic cells and NK cells, Int. J. Cancer, vol.124, pp.358-366, 2009.

H. Wei, J. Zhang, W. Xiao, J. Feng, R. Sun et al., Involvement of human natural killer cells in asthma pathogenesis: Natural killer 2 cells in type 2 cytokine predominance, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.115, pp.841-847, 2005.

H. Weigt, C. Nassenstein, T. Tschernig, P. F. Mühlradt, N. Krug et al., Efficacy of Macrophage-activating Lipopeptide-2 Combined with Interferon-? in a, Murine Asthma Model. Am, 2005.

J. Respir, Crit. Care Med, vol.172, pp.566-572

S. E. Wenzel, Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches, 2012.

. Med, , vol.18, pp.716-725

E. J. Wherry, T cell exhaustion, Nat. Immunol, vol.12, pp.492-499, 2011.

C. Xiao, S. M. Puddicombe, S. Field, J. Haywood, V. Broughton-head et al., Defective epithelial barrier function in asthma, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, vol.128, pp.549-556, 2011.

J. Yu, T. Mitsui, M. Wei, H. Mao, J. P. Butchar et al., NKp46 identifies an NKT cell subset susceptible to leukemic transformation in mouse and human, J. Clin. Invest, vol.121, pp.1456-1470, 2011.

,

M. Yu and S. J. Levine, Toll-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome: key modulators of innate immune responses to double-stranded RNA viruses, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, vol.22, pp.63-72, 2011.

D. Yuan, The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B-Cell Antibody Production, Antibodies, vol.3, pp.1-15, 2013.

J. Zhao, H. Shang, X. Cao, Y. Huang, X. Fang et al., Association of polymorphisms in TLR2 and TLR4 with asthma risk: An update meta-analysis, 2017.

, Medicine (Baltimore) 96, e7909

S. Ziegler, E. Weiss, A. Schmitt, J. Schlegel, A. Burgert et al.,

S. Sivori, I. Leonhardt, O. Kurzai, H. Einsele, and J. Loeffler, CD56 Is a Pathogen Recognition Receptor on, Human Natural Killer Cells. Sci. Rep, 2017.

A. Zingoni, R. Molfetta, C. Fionda, A. Soriani, R. Paolini et al., One for All, All for One, NKG2D and Its Ligands, vol.9, 2018.