A. Doris, S. Julia, B. Thomas, P. Eva, and E. , Imperceptible senescence: Ageing in the ocean quahog Arctica islandica. Free Radical Re-search, vol.42, pp.474-480, 2008.

A. An and M. Zabrocki-piotr, Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to re-duced chronological lifespan and increased apoptosis in yeast, FEBS Letters, vol.583, issue.1, pp.113-117, 2009.

A. Hugo, G. Lena, R. Michel, and T. Nystrom, Asymmetric Inheritance of Oxidatively Damaged Proteins During Cytokinesis, Science, 2003.

A. Chris and B. Sabrina, Isolation of quiescent and nonquiescent cells from yeast stationary-phase cultures, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.174, issue.1, pp.89-100, 2006.

A. Ashley, L. Fishwick, and L. K. , Autophagy and amino acid homeostasis are required for chronological longevity in Saccharomyces cere-visiae, Aging Cell, vol.8, issue.4, pp.353-369, 2009.

A. Ashley, L. , W. Michael, and S. , Autophagy is required for extension of yeast chronological life span by rapamycin, 2009.

S. Andersen-ranberg-karen, J. Marianne, and . Bernard, Healthy cen-tenarians do not exist, but autonomous centenarians do: A population-based study of morbidity among danish centenarians, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.49, issue.7, pp.900-908, 2001.

A. Rozalyn, M. Bitterman-kevin, J. Wood-jason, G. , M. Oliver et al., Nicatinamide and PNC1 govern lifespan extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nature, vol.423, issue.6936, pp.181-185, 2003.

A. Vladimir, N. Berstein, and L. M. , Metformin slows down aging and extends life span of female SHR mice, Cell Cycle, vol.7, issue.17, pp.2769-2773, 2008.

A. Vladimir, N. Berstein, and L. M. , If started early in life, met-formin treatment increases life span and postpones tumors in female SHR mice, Aging, vol.3, issue.2, pp.148-157, 2011.

A. Anthony, D. , R. Angelina, and L. , Characterization of Differentiated Quiescent and Nonquiescent Cells in Yeast Stationary-Phase Cultures, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.19, pp.1271-1280, 2008.

A. John, P. , A. Ashley, and L. , Autophagy and leucine promote chrono-logical longevity and respiration proficiency during calorie restriction in yeast, Experimental Gerontology, vol.48, issue.10, pp.110-1119, 2013.

A. Anthony and L. Anna, Caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by remodeling carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, alter-ing peroxisomal and mitochondrial functionalities, and postponing the on-sets of apoptotic and liponecrotic modes of regulated cell death, Oncotarget, vol.9, issue.22, pp.16163-16184, 2018.

S. E. Artandi and S. Alson, Constitutive telomerase expression pro-motes mammary carcinomas in aging mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.12, pp.8191-8196, 2002.

A. Kaveh, S. David, G. Jeffrey, I. , G. Leonard et al., Pas-sage through stationary phase advances replicative aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Public Health Nutrition, vol.96, issue.12A, pp.2274-2284, 1999.

B. Priya, M. Julie, A. , A. Rozalyn, and M. , Nutri-tion, metabolism, and targeting aging in nonhuman primates, 2017.

M. G. Barker and R. M. Walmsley, Replicative ageing in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yeast, vol.15, issue.14, pp.1511-1518, 1999.

B. James and A. , A history of research on yeast 10: Foundations of yeast genetics, 2007.

, Bartke Andrzej. Insulin and aging. Cell Cycle, vol.7, issue.21, pp.3338-3343, 2008.

A. A. Barton, Some aspects of cell division in saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of general microbiology, vol.4, issue.1, pp.84-86, 1950.

B. Nir, C. Jill, P. , K. Stephen, B. et al., Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging, 2016.

B. Giora and Z. Drora, Four linked genes participate in control-ling sporulation efficiency in budding yeast, PLoS Genetics, vol.2, issue.11, pp.1815-1823, 2006.

C. Bergquist-derk, W. Frederick, M. , F. Charles, and R. , Longevity record for deep-sea invertebrate, Nature, vol.403, issue.6769, pp.499-500, 2000.

B. Anders, S. Jared, and T. , A high-definition view of functional genetic variation from natural yeast genomes, Molecular biology and evolution, vol.31, issue.4, pp.872-88, 2014.

B. Nicholas, A. , and G. Leonard, Genetic links between diet and lifespan: shared mechanisms from yeast to humans, Nature reviews. Genetics, vol.8, issue.11, pp.835-844, 2007.

B. Marc, R. Sorkin-john, and D. , Growth hormone and sex steroid administration in healthy aged women and men: A randomized controlled trial, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.288, issue.18, pp.2282-2292, 2002.

B. Mikhail and V. , Calorie restriction: Decelerating mTOR-driven aging from cells to organisms (including humans), 2010.

S. Bloom-joshua and . Kotenko-iulia, Genetic interactions contribute less than additive effects to quantitative trait variation in yeast, Nature Communica-tions, vol.6, 2015.

V. M. Boer, S. Amini, and D. Botstein, Influence of genotype and nutri-tion on survival and metabolism of starving yeast, Proceedings of the Na-tional Academy of Sciences, vol.105, pp.6930-6935, 2008.

B. Nicholas, D. Chatenay-lapointe, P. Marc, S. Yong, and S. Gerald, Reduced TOR Signaling Extends Chronological Life Span via Increased Respiration and Upregulation of Mitochondrial Gene Expression, Cell Metabolism, vol.5, issue.4, pp.265-277, 2007.

B. Nicholas, D. , R. Matthew, S. Gerald, and S. , Defective mitochondrial gene expression results in reactive oxygen species-mediated in-hibition of respiration and reduction of yeast life span, Molecular and cellular biology, vol.26, issue.13, pp.4818-4829, 2006.

B. Corina, B. Alberto, W. Jaroslaw, and J. S. , Rtg2 Protein Links Metabolism and Genome Stability in Yeast Longevity, Genetics, vol.166, issue.2, pp.765-777, 2004.

B. Monica, R. Jeremy, L. El¸cin, S. Stuart, and A. Angelika, Effects of Age on Meiosis in Budding Yeast. Developmental Cell, vol.16, issue.6, pp.844-855, 2009.

B. David, F. Gerald, and R. , Yeast: An experimental organism for 21st century biology, Genetics, vol.189, issue.3, pp.695-704, 2011.

J. Boynton-primrose and G. Duncan, The ecology and evolution of non-domesticated Saccharomyces species, Yeast, vol.31, issue.12, pp.449-462, 2014.

B. Michael and R. Mark, Mitochondria in ageing: There is metabolism beyond the ROS, FEMS Yeast Research, vol.14, pp.198-212, 2014.

R. B. Brem, Genetic Dissection of Transcriptional Regulation in Budding Yeast, Science, 2002.

B. Hannah, R. , J. Andrew, J. Y. , P. Michael et al., Effects of metformin and other biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, Biochemical Journal, vol.462, issue.3, pp.475-487, 2014.

B. James and R. , Nutritional control of growth and development in yeast, 2012.

B. Karl, W. , W. Hao, S. S´aunak, C. Gary et al., QTL mapping in experimental crosses, Bioinformatics, vol.19, issue.7, pp.889-890, 2003.

L. Brown-shauna, S. Vanessa, and J. , Reducing haziness in white wine by overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes YOL155c and YDR055w, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.73, issue.6, pp.1363-1376, 2007.

H. M. Brown-borg, K. E. Borg, C. J. Meliska, and A. Bartke, Dwarf mice and the ageing process, 1996.

M. Brown-borg-holly and B. Rochelle, Cutting back on the essentials: Can manipulating intake of specific amino acids modulate health and lifespan?, 2017.

B. Stefan and K. Sandra, The TEA transcription factor tec1 links TOR and MAPK pathways to coordinate yeast development, Genetics, vol.189, issue.2, pp.479-494, 2011.

B. Steven, V. John, F. Allan, G. , and A. Robert, Extended longevity in Drosophila is consistently associated with a decrease in develop-mental viability, Journals of Gerontology -Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.55, issue.6, 2000.

B. Rochelle, Negligible senescence in the longest living rodent, the naked mole-rat: Insights from a successfully aging species, 2008.

V. Burnett-camilla and . Sara, Absence of effects of Sir2 overexpression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila, Nature, vol.477, issue.7365, pp.482-485, 2011.

B. Christopher, R. , M. Christopher, J. Kennedy-brian, K. et al., A molecular mechanism of chronological aging in yeast, Cell Cycle, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1256-1270, 2009.

B. John, C. Brown, B. E. , K. Thomas, and B. L. , Do reef corals age?, Biological Reviews, vol.93, issue.2, pp.1192-1202, 2018.

C. Antonio and U. Ana, Absence of Mitochondrial Transla-tion Control Proteins Extends Life Span by Activating Sirtuin-Dependent Silencing, Molecular Cell, vol.42, issue.3, pp.390-400, 2011.

C. Filipe and A. Catherine, Metformin retards aging in C. elegans by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism, Cell, vol.153, issue.1, pp.228-239, 2013.

C. Enrique and J. A. Davies-kelvin, Mitochondrial free radicals generation, oxidative stress, and aging, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.29, pp.222-230, 2000.

G. M. Cailliet and A. H. Andrews, Age determination and validation studies of marine fishes: Do deepdwellers live longer?, Experimental Gerontology, vol.36, issue.4-6, pp.739-764, 2001.

J. Campisi, From cells to organisms: Can we learn about aging from cells in culture?, Experimental Gerontology, vol.36, issue.4-6, pp.607-618, 2001.

C. Judith, Aging, tumor suppression and cancer: High wire-act! Mecha-nisms of Ageing and Development, vol.126, pp.51-58, 2005.

C. Sergio, E. , A. Abraham, G. Erika, J. Arez-reyes et al., Genomewide mechanisms of chronological longevity by dietary restriction in budding yeast, Aging Cell, 2018.

C. Lu and T. Yingzhi, Chronological Lifespan in Yeast Is Dependent on the Accumulation of Storage Carbohydrates Mediated by Yak1, Mck1 and Rim15 Kinases, PLoS Genetics, vol.12, issue.12, 2016.

C. Duccio, M. Patrick, E. Daniel, L. , M. Robert et al., Evidence for S. cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol.57, 2003.

B. Chance, H. Sies, and A. Boveris, Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs, Physiological Reviews, vol.59, issue.3, pp.527-605, 1979.

C. Snehal, N. , K. Edward, and T. , The Energy Maintenance Theory of Aging: Maintaining Energy Metabolism to Allow Longevity, BioEssays, p.1800005, 2018.

C. Qinghua, T. Jeffrey, D. Qunxing, E. Ismail, S. et al., Proteasome synthesis and assembly are required for survival during stationary phase, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.37, issue.6, pp.859-868, 2004.

C. Qinghua, T. Jeffrey, D. Ju¨rgen, R. , L. Feng et al., Ump1 extends yeast lifespan and enhances viability dur-ing oxidative stress: Central role for the proteasome? Free Radi-cal, Biology and Medicine, vol.40, issue.1, pp.120-126, 2006.

C. Choy-pik and D. Wieslawa, Differential Expression of Telom-erase Activity in Hematopoietic Progenitors from Adult Human Bone Mar-row, Stem Cells, vol.14, pp.239-248, 1996.

-. Choi-joon, L. Seok, and . Cheol-koo, Maintenance of cellular ATP level by caloric restriction correlates chronological survival of budding yeast, Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.439, issue.1, pp.126-157, 2013.

D. Christensen-kaare, R. Gabriele, V. Roland, and W. James, Ageing populations: the challenges ahead, 2009.

C. Kaare, J. Thomas, E. , V. James, and W. , The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: Challenges and insights, 2006.

C. David, J. , and G. David, Extension of Life-Span by Loss of CHICO , a Drosophila Insulin Receptor Substrate Protein, Science, vol.292, 2001.

C. Geoffrey, T. Ishii-yoshihide, and . Alexander, Suppression of sdh1 mutations by the SDH1b gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, vol.14, pp.1001-1006, 1998.

C. Manuel, B. Maria, A. , and S. Manuel, Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging, 2007.

C. Ricki, J. , A. Rozalyn, and M. , Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortalilty in rhesus monkeys, Science, vol.325, issue.5937, pp.201-204, 2009.

E. Coluccio-alison, K. Rodriguez-rachael, J. Kernan-maurice, N. Aaron, and M. , The yeast spore wall enables spores to survive passage through the digestive tract of Drosophila, PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.8, 2008.

C. Irina, M. , C. Michael, and J. , Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment, Nature, vol.433, issue.7027, pp.760-764, 2005.

J. D. Congdon, R. D. Nagle, O. M. Kinney, . Van-loben, and R. C. Sels, Hypotheses of aging in a long-lived vertebrate, Blanding's turtle (Emy-doidea blandingii), Experimental Gerontology, vol.36, issue.4-6, pp.813-827, 2001.

C. Bruno, -. Sanchez, and . Manuel, Transgenic mice with a reduced core body temperature have an increased life span, Science, issue.5800, pp.821-826, 2006.

C. Luigi, Sober and temperate life, 1558.

D. A. Cottrell and E. L. Blakely, Cytochrome C oxidase deficient cells accumu-late in the hippocampus and choroid plexus with age, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.22, issue.2, pp.265-272, 2001.

C. Gareth, A. Hyma, and K. E. , Genomic Sequence Diversity and Population Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Assessed by RAD-seq, Genes-Genomes-Genetics, vol.3, issue.12, pp.2163-2171, 2013.

C. Hazel and A. Mcbryan-tony, Senescent Cells Harbour Features of the Cancer Epigenome, Nature Cell Biology, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1495-1506, 2013.

C. Francisco, A. , L. Edward, J. , and L. Gianni, Generation of a large set of genetically tractable haploid and diploid Saccharomyces strains, FEMS Yeast Research, vol.9, issue.8, pp.1217-1225, 2009.

C. Francisco and A. Parts-leopold, High-resolution mapping of complex traits with a four-parent advanced intercross yeast population, Genetics, vol.195, issue.3, pp.1141-1155, 2013.

D. Weiwei, S. Kristan, and K. , Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation reg-ulates cellular lifespan, Nature, vol.459, issue.7248, pp.802-807, 2009.

D. Weiwei, S. George, and L. , Inactivation of yeast Isw2 chromatin remodeling enzyme mimics longevity effect of calorie restriction via induction of genotoxic stress response, Cell Metabolism, vol.19, issue.6, pp.952-966, 2014.

G. S. Davidson and R. M. Joe, The proteomics of quiescent and nonquiescent cell differentiation in yeast stationary-phase cultures, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2011.

D. Benedictis and G. Tan-qihua, Recent advances in human gene-longevity association studies, 2001.

R. H. De-deken, The Crabtree Effect: A Regulatory System in Yeast, Jour-nal of General Microbiology, vol.44, issue.2, pp.149-156, 1966.

D. Haes, W. Frooninckx, and L. , Metformin promotes lifespan through mitohormesis via the peroxiredoxin PRDX-2, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.111, issue.24, pp.2501-2509, 2014.

B. De-jesus, S. Bernardes, and . Kerstin, The telomerase activator TA-65 elongates short telomeres and increases health span of adult/old mice without increasing cancer incidence, Aging Cell, vol.10, issue.4, pp.604-621, 2011.

D. Pedro, The biology of ageing: a primer, 2011.

J. De-magalh?aes, C. Pedro, C. Joana, and M. George, Fluorocarbonyl-ferrocene. A versatile intermediate for ferrocene esters and amides, Journal of Gerontology, 2007.

J. P. De-magalhaes, D. Wuttke, S. H. Wood, M. Plank, and C. Vora, Genome-Environment Interactions That Modulate Aging: Powerful Targets for Drug Discovery, Pharmacological Reviews, vol.64, issue.1, pp.88-101, 2012.

J. De-magalh?aes, C. Pedro, and M. George, Genomes Optimize Repro-duction: Aging as a Consequence of the Developmental Program, Physiology, vol.20, issue.4, pp.252-259, 2005.

J. De-magalh?aes, P. Pedro, and F. Jo?ao, Stress, cell senescence and organismal ageing, 2018.

J. De-magalh?aes, S. Pedro, T. Michael, and . Daniel, The Business of Anti-Aging Science, 2017.

D. Oliveira-iuri-marques, Z. Alfeu, J. Moreira, B. C-f, and H. J. Diego, The role of two putative nitroreductases, Frm2p and Hbn1p, in the oxidative stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, vol.27, issue.2, pp.89-102, 2010.

C. De-virgilio, The essence of yeast quiescence, 2012.

D. Reinhard and P. Matthias, Nutrient signals driving cell growth, 2008.

D. Joe, R. , M. Christopher, J. , O. Brady et al., Quantitative evidence for early life fitness defects from 32 longevity-associated alleles in yeast, Cell Cycle, vol.10, issue.1, pp.156-165, 2011.

D. Joe, R. , M. Christopher, J. , O. Brady et al., Quantitative evidence for early life fitness defects from 32 longevity-associated alleles in yeast, Cell Cycle, vol.10, issue.1, pp.156-165, 2011.

J. Denoth-lippuner-annina, B. Thomas, and . Yves, Budding yeast as a model organism to study the effects of age, 2014.

D. Adam, M. , D. Ronald, and W. , Quantitative trait loci mapped to single-nucleotide resolution in yeast, Nature Genetics, vol.37, issue.12, pp.1333-1340, 2005.

D. Jennifer, R. Carol, and A. , Pando" lives: molecular genetic evidence of a giant aspen clone in central Utah, Western North American Naturalist, vol.68, pp.12-31, 2008.

D. Andrew, C. Douglas, K. , and K. Cynthia, Timing Requirements for Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in C. elegans, Science, vol.298, issue.5594, pp.827-830, 2002.

D. Lazar, N. Brem-rachel, B. Kruglyak, L. , G. Daniel et al., Polymorphisms in multiple genes contribute to the spontaneous mitochon-drial genome instability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C strains, Genetics, vol.183, issue.1, pp.365-383, 2009.

P. Dimri-goberdhan and L. Xinhua, A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo (replicative senescence/tumor suppression/18-galactosidase) Communicated by Arthur, Cell Bioiogy, vol.92, pp.9363-9367, 1995.

J. Dirks-amie and L. Christiaan, Caloric restriction in humans: Potential pitfalls and health concerns, 2006.

N. P. D'mello and S. M. Jazwinski, Telomere length constancy during aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.173, issue.21, pp.6709-6713, 1991.

J. Dominguez-ligia, M. Barbagallo, M. John, and E. , Anti-aging medicine: Pitfalls and hopes, 2009.

A. Doudican-nicole, S. Binwei, S. Gerald, S. , D. Paul et al., Oxidative DNA damage causes mitochondrial genomic instability in Saccharomyces cere-visiae, Molecular and cellular biology, vol.25, issue.12, pp.5196-204, 2005.

D. Lois, M. , L. Li, Y. Yang, D. Anne et al., Expression and char-acterization of the flocculin FLO11/Muc1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannopro-tein with homotypic properties of adhesion, Eukaryotic Cell, vol.6, issue.12, pp.2214-2221, 2007.

C. A. Driscoll, D. W. Macdonald, and S. J. Brien, From wild animals to do-mestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009.

D. Daniela, Stem cells, their niches and the systemic environ-ment: An aging network, 2008.

D. Frank, A. C?ot´e-cl´emence, and D. , Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk-dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats, Nature Medicine, vol.21, issue.5, pp.506-511, 2015.

D. Barbara, R. Chandra, K. Daniel, J. , P. Tom et al., Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pan-genome reveals a pool of copy number variants distributed in diverse yeast strains from differing in-dustrial environments, Genome Research, vol.22, issue.5, pp.908-924, 2012.

E. Daniel and S. Irina, Random Point Mutations with Major Effects on Protein-Coding Genes Are the Driving Force behind Premature Aging in mtDNA Mutator Mice, Cell Metabolism, vol.10, issue.2, pp.131-138, 2009.

E. Alejo, C. William, C. , S. David, and M. , Nutrient-sensing mecha-nisms and pathways, 2015.

M. Ehrenreich-ian and . Torabi-noorossadat, Dissection of genetically complex traits with extremely large pools of yeast segregants, Nature, vol.464, issue.7291, pp.1039-1042, 2010.

E. Tobias and K. Heide, Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity, Nature cell biology, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1305-1314, 2009.

E. Maria and T. W. Brown, Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Nature, vol.423, 2003.

E. Nika and N. Thomas, Sir2p-dependent protein segregation gives rise to a superior reactive oxygen species management in the progeny of Sac-charomyces cerevisiae, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.104, pp.10877-81, 2007.

E. Arthur and V. , The neuroendocrine system and aging, Gerontology, vol.26, pp.108-119, 1980.

F. Paola and B. Luisa, Superoxide is a mediator of an altruistic ag-ing program in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.166, issue.7, pp.1055-1067, 2004.

F. Paola and G. Cristina, Sir2 blocks extreme life-span extension

, Cell, vol.123, issue.4, pp.655-667, 2005.

F. Paola and H. Shawn, Genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cere-visiae identifies vacuolar protein sorting, autophagy, biosynthetic, and tRNA methylation genes involved in life span regulation, PLoS Genetics, vol.6, issue.7, pp.1-14, 2010.

F. Paola, L. Lei, M. , L. Valter, and D. , Analysis of gene expression pro-file in yeast aging chronologically, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.126, issue.1, pp.11-16, 2005.

F. Paola and L. L. Loung, SOD2 functions downstream of Sch9 to extend longevity in yeast, Genetics, vol.163, issue.1, pp.35-46, 2003.

F. Paola, L. Valter, and D. , The chronological life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Methods in molecular biology, vol.371, pp.89-95, 2007.

F. Paola, S. D. Pletcher, N. Minois, J. W. Vaupel, L. Valter et al., Chronological aging-independent replicative life span regulation by Msn2/Msn4 and Sod2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, FEBS Letters, vol.557, issue.1-3, pp.136-142, 2004.

F. Paola, F. Pozza, S. Pletcher, G. Christi, M. et al., Regulation of longevity and stress resistance by Sch9 in yeast, Science, vol.292, pp.288-290, 2001.

F. Maria, H. Bollineni-ravi-chand, and . Ralf, Protein carbonylation as a major hallmark of oxidative damage: Update of analytical strategies, 2013.

C. E. Finch and . Longevity, , 1990.

E. Finch-caleb, Update on slow aging and negligible senescence -A mini-review, 2009.

L. Fontana, T. E. Meyer, S. Klein, and H. J. , Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.17, pp.6659-6663, 2004.

F. Luigi, The scientific basis of caloric restriction leading to longer life, Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, vol.25, issue.2, pp.144-150, 2009.

F. Michael, J. , M. Paul, S. Rajindar, and S. , Genotype and age influence the effect of caloric intake on mortality in mice. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of, vol.17, pp.690-692, 2003.

F. Mario, F. , and E. Manel, Epigenetics and aging: the targets and the marks, 2007.

E. B. Freese, M. I. Chu, and E. Freese, Initiation of Yeast sporulation by partial carbon, nitrogen, or phosphate deprivation, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.149, issue.3, pp.840-851, 1982.

G. Emmanuela, Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet, pp.31310-31312, 2018.

G. Brigida and S. Jan, Domestication and Divergence of Sac-charomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts, Cell, vol.166, issue.6, pp.1397-1410, 2016.

G. Erika, C. Sergio, and E. , High-Resolution Profiling of Stationary-Phase Survival Reveals Yeast Longevity Factors and Their Genetic Interactions, PLoS Genetics, vol.10, issue.2, 2014.

G. Michael, P. , G. David, V. Mark, and E. , Extraordinary plasticity in aging in Strongyloides ratti implies a gene-regulatory mechanism of lifespan evolution, Aging Cell, vol.5, issue.4, pp.315-323, 2006.

G. Tonibelle and I. Maria, Telomere length as a quantitative trait: Genome-wide survey and genetic mapping of telomere length-control genes in yeast, PLoS Genetics, vol.2, issue.3, pp.304-0315, 2006.

G. Senetibeb and C. Richard, Osh6 overexpression extends the lifespan of yeast by increasing vacuole fusion, Cell Cycle, vol.11, issue.11, pp.2176-2188, 2012.

G. Rita and C. Sreenivas, Variable Glutamine-Rich Repeats Modu-late Transcription Factor Activity, Molecular Cell, vol.59, issue.4, pp.615-627, 2015.

G. David, Evolution of sexually dimorphic longevity in humans, 2014.

G. John, C. , and B. Jeffrey, Age and growth estimates of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) via aspartic acid racemization, Canadian Journal of Zo-ology, vol.77, issue.4, pp.571-580, 1999.

G. Justin, L. Kim, and C. Barak, Genetic interactions between tran-scription factors cause natural variation in yeast, Science, vol.323, issue.5913, pp.498-501, 2009.

G. Justin, P. , C. Christina, T. , C. Barak et al., Natural iso-lates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae display complex genetic variation in sporu-lation efficiency, Genetics, vol.174, issue.2, pp.985-997, 2006.

G. Guri, C. Angela, and M. , Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, Nature, vol.418, issue.6896, pp.387-391, 2002.

G. Carlos, J. Per, O. Styles-cora, A. , F. Gerald et al., Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: Regulation by starvation and RAS, Cell, vol.68, issue.6, p.90079, 1992.

G. Vadim and N. , Aging: progressive decline in fitness due to the rising dele-teriome adjusted by genetic, environmental, and stochastic processes, 2016.

G. Matthew, R. Charles, H. Godfray, J. , B. Austin-;-goffeau et al., Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations, Science, vol.434, issue.7033, pp.636-640, 1996.

C. Goldsmith-theodore, Aging as an evolved characteristic -Weismann's theory reconsidered, 2004.

C. Goldsmith-theodore, Aging, evolvability, and the individual benefit require-ment; medical implications of aging theory controversies, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.252, issue.4, pp.764-768, 2008.

G. Pedro, . Sampaio-marques, L. Bel´em, R. Paula, L. Fernando et al., Low auxotrophy-complementing amino acid concentrations reduce yeast chronological life span, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.128, issue.5-6, pp.383-391, 2007.

G. Margarida and P. Ana, Distinct Domestication Trajectories in Top-Fermenting Beer Yeasts and Wine Yeasts, Current Biology, vol.26, issue.20, pp.2750-2761, 2016.

G. Richard, C. , P. Matthew, D. W. , and P. Linda, Amino-acid imbalance explains extension of lifespan by dietary restriction in Drosophila, Nature, vol.462, issue.7276, pp.1061-1064, 2009.

G. Joseph, V. , P. Gregory, and A. , Sleeping beauty": quiescence in Sac-charomyces cerevisiae, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, vol.68, issue.2, pp.187-206, 2004.

G. Carol, W. Blackburn-elizabeth, and H. , Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in tetrahymena extracts, Cell, vol.43, pp.90170-90179, 1985.

G. David, B. Viktor, and M. , System-level analysis of genes and functions affecting survival during nutrient starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ge-netics, vol.187, issue.1, pp.299-317, 2011.

G. Micol and R. Myriam, Spatial reorganization of telomeres in long-lived quiescent cells, Genome Biology, vol.16, issue.1, p.2015

G. Bing, A. Styles-cora, F. Qinghua, F. Gerald, and R. , A Saccharomyces gene family involved in invasive growth, cell-cell adhesion, and mating. Pro-ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.97, pp.12158-12163, 2000.

H. Johan and M. Kaspar, Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model, Nature Communications, vol.7, p.13311, 2016.

H. Witawas and L. Xiaobo, An Energy-Independent Pro-longevity Function of Triacylglycerol in Yeast, PLoS genetics, 2016.

C. Hansen-malene and . Abha, A role for autophagy in the extension of lifespan by dietary restriction in C. elegans, PLoS Genetics, vol.4, issue.2, 2008.

. Hansen-malene, D. Hsu-ao-lin, K. Andrew, and . Cynthia, New genes tied to endocrine, metabolic, and dietary regulation of lifespan from a Caenorhabdi-tis elegans genomic RNAi screen, PLoS Genetics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.119-0128, 2005.

T. Hansen-malene and . Stefan, Lifespan extension by conditions that inhibit translation in Caenorhabditis elegans, Aging Cell, vol.6, issue.1, pp.95-110, 2007.

H. Sarah and V. Katarina, Lifespan Control by Redox-Dependent Recruitment of Chaperones to Misfolded Proteins, Cell, vol.166, issue.1, pp.140-151, 2016.

H. Denham, Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry, Journal of Gerontology, 1956.

H. Denham, The free radical theory of aging, Antioxidants & redox signaling, vol.5, 2003.

H. David and E. Strong-randy, Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice, Nature, 2009.

D. Hartl, Molecular melodies in high and low C, Nature reviews. Genetics, vol.1, issue.2, pp.145-149, 2000.

F. Hartl, . Ulrich, A. Bracher, and H. Manajit, Molecular chaperones in protein folding and proteostasis, 2011.

H. Barbara and E. Boudreau-anik, Remodeling the integration of lipid metabolism between liver and adipose tissue by dietary methionine restriction in rats, Diabetes, vol.62, issue.10, pp.3362-3372, 2013.

H. Leonard, How and why we age, Experimental Gerontology, vol.338, issue.7, pp.639-653, 1996.

H. Leonard and M. P. , The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains, pp.90192-90198, 1961.

H. Katie, L. , L. Malgorzata, and N. Shinichi, The effect of resvera-trol on longevity across species: A meta-analysis, Biology Letters, vol.8, issue.5, pp.790-793, 2012.

H. Eva and J. Helmut, Chronological aging leads to apoptosis in yeast, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.164, issue.4, pp.501-507, 2004.

H. Shauna, . Van-remmen, and . Holly, Mitochondrial stress signaling in longevity: A new role for mitochondrial function in aging, 2014.

H. Jan and H. J. Dna-damage, Aging, and Cancer, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.361, issue.15, pp.1475-1485, 2009.

D. J. Holmes and M. A. Ottinger, Birds as long-lived animal models for the study of aging, 2003.

F. Hommelsheim-carl-maximilian, H. Lamprinos, . Mengmeng, and . Bekir, PCR amplification of repetitive DNA: a limitation to genome editing technologies and many other applications, Scientific Reports, vol.4, issue.1, p.5052, 2014.

S. M. Honigberg and P. Kedar, Signal pathway integration in the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to meiosis in yeast, Journal of Cell Science, vol.116, issue.11, pp.2137-2147, 2003.

L. L. Hoopes, M. Budd, W. Choe, T. Weitao, and J. L. Campbell, Mutations in DNA Replication Genes Reduce Yeast Life Span. Molecular and Cellular Bi-ology, vol.22, pp.4136-4146, 2002.

H. Steve, DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types, Genome Biology, vol.14, issue.10, 2013.

H. Konrad, T. Bitterman-kevin, and J. , Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan, 2003.

X. H. Hu and M. H. Wang, Genetic dissection of ethanol tolerance in the bud-ding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.175, issue.3, pp.1479-1487, 2007.

H. Zheng and C. Kaifu, Nucleosome loss leads to global transcriptional up-regulation and genomic instability during yeast aging, Genes and Development, vol.28, issue.4, pp.396-408, 2014.

H. Adam, L. , G. Daniel, and E. , An early age increase in vacuolar pH limits mitochondrial function and lifespan in yeast, Nature, vol.492, issue.7428, pp.261-266, 2012.

W. Huh, F. James, and V. , Global analysis of protein localization in bud-ding yeast, Nature, vol.425, issue.6959, pp.686-691, 2003.

I. Christopher, J. R. , P. Leopold, B. Anders, L. Gianni et al., Inferring Genome-Wide Recombination Landscapes from Ad-vanced Intercross Lines: Application to Yeast Crosses, PLoS ONE, vol.8, issue.5, 2013.

H. Ito, Y. Fukuda, K. Murata, and A. Kimura, Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.153, issue.1, pp.163-168, 1983.

L. Jenkins-nicole, L. Mccoll-gawain, and J. Gordon, Fitness cost of extended lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Proceedings of the Royal Soci-ety B: Biological Sciences, vol.271, pp.2523-2526, 1556.

J. Bernard, Living longer -but better?, Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2002.

J. C. Jiang, An intervention resembling caloric restriction prolongs life span and retards aging in yeast, The FASEB Journal, 2000.

J. Jay, E. , and J. F. Brad, Methionine restriction activates the ret-rograde response and confers both stress tolerance and lifespan extension to yeast, mouse and human cells, PLoS ONE, vol.9, issue.5, 2014.

J. Thomas and E. , Increased Life-Span of age-1 Mutants in Caenorhabditis ele-gans and Lower Gompertz Rate of Aging, Science, vol.249, pp.908-909, 1990.

J. Owen, R. , and S. Alexander, Diversity of ageing across the tree of life, Nature, vol.505, issue.7482, pp.169-73, 2014.

J. Knud, J. Sørensen, and B. Henrik, Risk factors and public health in Denmark, Scandinavian journal of public health, vol.36, 2008.

J. Paul and P. Zhang-zhi, Natural variation of chronological aging in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species reveals diet-dependent mechanisms of life span control, Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, vol.4, issue.1, 2018.

K. Matt, Rapamycin and Ageing: When, for How Long, and How Much?, Journal of Genetics and Genomics, vol.41, issue.9, pp.459-463, 2014.

K. Matt and H. Di, Increased life span due to calorie restriction in respiratory-deficient yeast, 2005.

K. Matt, T. Kirkland-kathryn, F. Stanley, K. Brian, and K. , Sir2-independent life span extension by calorie restriction in yeast, PLoS Biol-ogy, vol.2, issue.9, 2004.

K. Matt and M. Thomas, Substrate-specific activation of sirtu-ins by resveratrol, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.280, issue.17, pp.17038-17045, 2005.

K. Matt, M. Mcvey, and G. Leonard, The SIR2/3/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms, Genes and Development, vol.13, issue.19, pp.2570-2580, 1999.

K. Matt and . Powers-wilson, Regulation of Yeast Replicative Life Span by TOR and Sch9 in Response to Nutrients, Science, 2005.

K. Pankaj, K. Matt, and H. Malene, Dietary restriction and lifespan: Lessons from invertebrate models, 2017.

K. Pankaj, Z. Brian, and M. , Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modu-lation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.10, pp.885-890, 2004.

K. Robert, M. , K. Richard, and G. , Marital status and longevity in the United States population, 2006.

M. Kaya-alaattin and . Siming, Defining molecular basis for longevity traits in natural yeast isolates. npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, 1:15001, 2015.

K. Brian, K. , A. Nicanor, R. , and G. Leonard, Daughter cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from old mothers display a reduced life span, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.127, issue.6 II, pp.1985-1993, 1994.

K. Cynthia, A conserved regulatory system for aging, 2001.

K. Cynthia, The genetics of ageing, Nature, vol.464, issue.7288, pp.504-512, 2010.

K. Cynthia, C. Jean, G. Erin, R. Adam, and T. Ramon, A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type, Nature, 1993.

K. Kim-sahn-ho, C. Patrick, and . Judith, Telomeres, aging and cancer: In search of a happy ending, 2002.

K. Paul, A. , K. Sangkyu, L. C. Yung, M. Jazwinski et al., In-terorganelle signaling is a determinant of longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.152, issue.1, pp.179-190, 1999.

T. B. Kirkwood, Evolution of ageing, 1977.

T. B. Kirkwood, Understanding the odd science of aging, 2005.

T. B. Kirkwood and S. Austad, Why do we age?, Nature, vol.408, issue.6809, pp.233-238, 2000.

K. Thomas and B. L. , Why and how are we living longer? Experimental Physiology, 2017.

K. Thomas, B. L. , and M. Simon, On the programmed/non-programmed nature of ageing within the life history, 2011.

K. Michael and R. , Aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: Major bio-logical and environmental factors influencing life span. Mechanisms of Age-ing and Development, vol.6, pp.413-429, 1977.

K. Michael, R. , and H. David, Non-ageing developmental variant of Caenorhabditis elegans, Nature, vol.260, issue.5551, pp.523-525, 1976.

K. Harald and R. Mark, Quantitation of (a)symmetric inheri-tance of functional and of oxidatively damaged mitochondrial aconitase in the cell division of old yeast mother cells, Experimental Gerontology, vol.45, issue.7-8, pp.533-542, 2010.

K. Maja, M. , C. Christopher, A. , B. Patrick et al., Yeast cells can access distinct quiescent states, Genes and Development, vol.25, issue.4, pp.336-349, 2011.

A. Koc, A. P. Gasch, J. C. Rutherford, H. Kim, and V. N. Gladyshev, Me-thionine sulfoxide reductase regulation of yeast lifespan reveals reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent components of aging, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.21, pp.7999-8004, 2004.

K. Undine and R. Brett, Elevated proteasome capacity extends replicative lifespan in saccharomyces cerevisiae, PLoS Genetics, vol.7, issue.9, 2011.

K. Gregory, C. Bradshaw-patrick, and C. , Haroon Suraiya, and Prolla Tomas A. The role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in mammalian aging, 2007.

K. Martin and S. Rivka, Damage-induced recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1997.

X. Kwan-elizabeth, K. Foss-eric, B. Leonid, and . Antonio, Natural polymorphism in bul2 links cellular amino acid availability with chronological aging and telomere maintenance in yeast, PLoS Genetics, 2011.

X. Kwan-elizabeth and J. Foss-eric, A Natural Polymorphism in rDNA Repli-cation Origins Links Origin Activation with Calorie Restriction and Lifespan, PLoS Genetics, vol.9, issue.3, 2013.

L. Johnathan, M. Richard, and I. , The Biology of Proteostasis in Aging and Disease, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.84, issue.1, pp.435-464, 2015.

C. Lai, J. Yung, B. Ewa, M. Corina, and S. Jazwinski, A mutation in the ATP2 gene abrogates the age asymmetry between mother and daughter cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.162, issue.1, pp.73-87, 2002.

L. Marion and J. , Temperature and lifespan in Drosophila, 1968.

L. Larsen-pamela, Aging and resistance to oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.90, pp.8905-8909, 1993.

L. Gerhard, T. , and R. Doris, Identification of evolutionarily conserved genetic regulators of cellular aging, Aging Cell, vol.9, issue.6, pp.1084-1097, 2010.

L. Peter and P. Alena, Aged mother cells of Saccharomyces cere-visiae show markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, Molecular Microbiology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.1166-1173, 2001.

L. Peter, R. Mark, B. Edith, H. Gino, and B. Michael, Yeast as a model for chronological and reproductive aging -A comparison, 2006.

L. S. Sik, I. A. Vizcarra, D. H. Huberts, L. P. Lee, and M. Heinemann, Whole lifespan microscopic observation of budding yeast aging through a microfluidic dissection platform, 2012.

L. Scott, F. Begun-anisoara, and K. Matt, HIF-1 modulates longevity and healthspan in a temperature-dependent manner, Aging Cell, vol.10, issue.2, pp.318-326, 2011.

L. Scott, F. , F. Marissa, B. Anisoara, and K. Matt, Life-span extension from hypoxia in caenorhabditis elegans requires both HIF-1 and DAF-16 and is antagonized by SKN-1, Journals of Gerontology -Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.68, issue.10, pp.1135-1144, 2013.

L. Armand and M. Bartke-andrzej, What evidence is there for the exis-tence of individual genes with antagonistic pleiotropic effects?, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.126, issue.3, pp.421-429, 2005.

L. Jing, K. S. Gyun, and B. John, Rapamycin: One drug, many effects, 2014.

R. Liao-chen-yu, A. Brad, J. Thomas, E. , D. Vivian et al., Genetic variation in the murine lifespan response to dietary restriction: From life extension to life shortening, Aging Cell, vol.9, issue.1, pp.92-95, 2010.

S. Lin, P. Defossez, and G. Leonard, Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Science, vol.289, issue.5487, pp.2126-2128, 2000.

L. Su-ju, F. Ethan, H. Marcia, L. Greg, and G. Leonard, Calorie restriction extends yeast life span by lowering the level of NADH, Genes and Development, vol.18, issue.1, pp.12-16, 2004.

L. Su-ju and K. Matt, Calorie restriction extends saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan by increasing respiration, Nature, 2002.

L. Lindstrom-derek, G. Daniel, and E. , The mother enrichment pro-gram: A genetic system for facile replicative life span analysis in Saccha-romyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.183, issue.2, pp.413-422, 2009.

L. Lindstrom-derek, K. Leverich-christina, A. Henderson-kiersten, G. Daniel, and E. , Replicative age induces mitotic recombination in the ribosomal RNA gene cluster of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PLoS Genetics, vol.7, issue.3, 2011.

L. Gordon, J. White-tiffany, M. , M. Simon, J. Thomas et al., Thermotolerance and extended life-span conferred by single-gene mutations and induced by thermal stress, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.92, pp.7550-7544, 1995.

L. Gianni, The fascinating and secret wild life of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, 2015.

L. Gianni, C. David, and M. , Population genomics of domestic and wild yeasts, Nature, vol.458, issue.7236, pp.337-378, 2009.

L. Gianni, L. Edward, and J. , Advances in Quantitative Trait Analysis in Yeast

, PLoS Genetics, vol.8, issue.8, p.2012

L. Gang, R. Jason, M. Coleen, T. , and R. Christopher, EGF signalling activates the ubiquitin proteasome system to modulate C. elegans lifespan, EMBO Journal, vol.30, issue.15, pp.2990-3003, 2011.

L. Robbie, H. Michael, and N. , Target of rapamycin (TOR) in nutrient signaling and growth control, 2011.

L. Valter, D. , and F. Paola, Chronological Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sub-cellular biochemistry, vol.57, pp.101-122, 2012.

L. Valter, D. Gralla, E. Butler, and V. Selverstone, Super-oxide dismutase activity is essential for stationary phase survival in Saccha-romyces cerevisiae: Mitochondrial production of toxic oxygen species in vivo, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.271, pp.12275-12280, 1996.

L. Valter, D. Liou-lee-loung, J. Valentine, and E. Gralla, Mito-chondrial superoxide decreases yeast survival in stationary phase, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, vol.365, pp.131-142, 1999.

L. Valter, D. Mitteldorf, J. , S. Vladimir, and P. , Programmed and altruistic ageing, 2005.

L. Valter, D. Gerald, S. , K. Matt, K. Brian et al., Replicative and chronological aging in saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2012.

B. L´opez-ot´?n-carlos, A. Maria, S. Partridge-linda, K. Manuel, and . Guido, The hallmarks of aging, 2013.

Y. Lu-jin and L. Y. Yi, Acetylation of yeast AMPK controls intrinsic aging independently of caloric restriction, Cell, vol.146, issue.6, pp.969-979, 2011.

P. Ludovico, M. J. Sousa, M. T. Silva, C. Le?ao, C. et al., Saccharomyces cerevisiae commits to a programmed cell death process in response to acetic acid, Microbiology, vol.147, issue.9, pp.2409-2415, 2001.

F. C. Mackay-trudy, A. Stone-eric, A. Julien, and F. , The genetics of quan-titative traits: challenges and prospects, Nature Reviews Genetics, pp.1-11, 2009.

J. Maclean-morag and A. Randi, Base excision repair activities required for yeast to attain a full chronological life span, Aging cell, vol.2, issue.2, pp.93-104, 2003.

M. Frank, F. Eleonore, and F. Uwe, A yeast mutant show-ing diagnostic markers of early and late apoptosis, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.139, issue.3, pp.729-734, 1997.

M. Federica and G. Cristina, Longevity mutation in SCH9 prevents recombination errors and premature genomic instability in a Werner/Bloom model system, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.180, issue.1, pp.67-81, 2008.

M. Federica and W. Min, Oncogene homologue Sch9 promotes age-depen-dent mutations by a superoxide and Rev1/Pol?-dependent mechanism, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.186, issue.4, 2009.

M. Paul and M. Kay?k¸c?-o¨-mu¨r, Outcrossing, mitotic recombination, and life-history trade-offs shape genome evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.108, issue.5, pp.1987-1992, 2011.

M. William, P. Matthew, D. W. , and P. Linda, Calories do not ex-plain extension of life span by dietary restriction in Drosophila, PLoS Biology, vol.3, issue.7, pp.1305-1311, 2005.

M. Andigoni and A. Alexandra-zoi, Age-dependent methylation in epigenetic clock CpGs is associated with G-quadruplex, co-transcriptionally formed RNA structures and tentative splice sites, Epigenetics, 2018.

M. Marc, A. Mark, and V. , Age and longevity in fish, with consid-eration of the ferox trout, Experimental Gerontology, 2001.

M. S´ergio, C. Amorim-maria, and A. , Glutathione is necessary to ensure benefits of calorie restriction during ageing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mech-anisms of Ageing and Development, vol.129, pp.700-705, 2008.

M. Agnieszka and K. Ryszard, Restricted pleiotropy facilitates mutational erosion of major life-history traits, Evolution, vol.67, issue.11, pp.3077-3086, 2013.

M. Kareen, P. Christopher, S. , K. Thomas, and B. L. , Age-related changes in irradiation-induced apoptosis and expression of p21 and p53 in crypt stem cells of murine intestine, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.908, pp.315-318, 2000.

M. Martin-montalvo-alejandro and M. Evi, Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice, Nature Communications, vol.4, 2013.

M. Daniel and E. , Mortality patterns suggest lack of senescence in hydra, Exp. Gerontol, vol.33, issue.3, pp.217-225, 1998.

M. Philippe and A. Michel, Single QTL mapping and nucleotide-level resolution of a physiologic trait in wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, FEMS Yeast Research, vol.7, issue.6, pp.941-952, 2007.

M. Edward and J. , Overview of caloric restriction and ageing, 2005.

M. Mirela, S. Daniel, and L. , A microarray-based genetic screen for yeast chronological aging factors, PLoS genetics, vol.6, issue.4, p.1000921, 2010.

A. Mattison-julie, R. George, and S. , Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study, Nature, vol.489, issue.7415, pp.318-321, 2012.

M. Mark, P. , L. Valter, D. , and H. Michelle, Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes, Ageing Research Reviews, vol.39, pp.46-58, 2017.

C. M. Mccay, F. Crowell-mary, and M. L. , The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.5, issue.3, pp.63-79, 1935.

M. Mark, A. , D. Joe, and R. , A Comprehensive Analysis of Replica-tive Lifespan, vol.4, p.698

, Single-Gene Deletion Strains Uncovers Conserved Mecha-nisms of, Aging. Cell Metabolism, vol.22, pp.1-12, 2015.

P. E. Mcgovern and J. Zhang, Fermented beverages of pre-and proto-historic China, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.51, pp.17593-17598, 2004.

M. Patrick and J. Mindia, Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, p.201714728, 2017.

M. Michael, A. , G. Daniel, and E. , An age-induced switch to a hyper-recombinational state, Science, vol.301, issue.5641, pp.1908-1911, 2003.

M. Peter and B. , An unsolved problem of biology, 1952.

M. Zhores, A. , I. London, and N. , An attempt at a rational classification of theories of aging, Biol. Rev, vol.65, pp.375-398, 1990.

M. Oliver, L. Dudley, W. Kim-keyman, D. , S. David et al., MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PLoS Biology, vol.5, issue.10, pp.2330-2341, 2007.

A. Mesquita and M. Weinberger, Caloric restriction or catalase inactivation extends yeast chronological lifespan by inducing H2O2 and superoxide dismutase activity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, pp.15123-15128, 2010.

M. Timothy, E. , K. S´andor, and J. , Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates the decline in diastolic function in humans, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.47, issue.2, pp.398-402, 2006.

M. Michael, V. , J. James, C. Tiwari-anurag, R. Jose et al., Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential triggers the retrograde response extending yeast replicative lifespan, Frontiers in Genetics, vol.2, 2012.

A. Miller-richard, H. David, and E. , but not resveratrol or simvastatin, extends life span of genetically heterogeneous mice, Journals of Gerontology -Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66 A, issue.2, pp.191-201, 2011.

L. Miller-fleming and P. Antas, Yeast DJ-1 superfamily members are required for diauxic-shift reprogramming and cell survival in stationary phase. Pro-ceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.111, pp.7012-7017, 2014.

M. Kyung-jin, L. Cheol-koo, and P. Han-nam, The lifespan of Korean eunuchs, 2012.

M. Joshua, Chaotic population dynamics and the evolution of age-ing, Evolutionary Ecology Research, vol.8, pp.561-574, 2006.

M. Karamat and D. Pam´ela, Some metabolites act as second mes-sengers in yeast chronological aging, 2018.

M. Mikael and Y. Junsheng, Life Span Extension and H2O2 Resis-tance Elicited by Caloric Restriction Require the Peroxiredoxin Tsa1 in Sac-charomyces cerevisiae, Molecular Cell, vol.43, issue.5, pp.823-833, 2011.

M. Anna, V. Slutsky, and S. G. , Increasing p16INK4aexpression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing, Nature, vol.443, issue.7110, pp.448-452, 2006.

M. Genevi, `. Eve, S. M´elanie, M. S´ebastien, T. Robert et al., Overexpression of the small mitochondrial Hsp22 extends Drosophila life span and increases resistance to oxidative stress, The FASEB journal, vol.18, issue.3, pp.598-599, 2004.

M. Rk and J. R. Johnston, Mortimer Robert K. Evolution and variation of the yeast (Saccharomyces) genome, Nature, 1959.

F. Moruno-manchon-jose, K. Edward, and C. , The G-quadruplex DNA stabilizing drug pyridostatin promotes DNA damage and downregulates tran-scription of Brca1 in neurons, Aging, vol.9, issue.9, pp.1957-1970, 2017.

J. Moskovitz and E. Flescher, Overexpression of peptide-methionine sulfoxide re-ductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human T cells provides them with high resistance to oxidative stress, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.95, issue.24, pp.14071-14075, 1998.

I. Muller, Parental age and the life-span of zygotes of Saccharomyces cere-visiae, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, vol.51, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1985.

M. Joanne, M. Yuan-rong, L. Kathryn, and L. , The search for longevity and healthy aging genes: Insights from epidemiological studies and samples of long-lived individuals, Journals of Gerontology -Series A Biolog-ical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 67 A, issue.5, pp.470-479, 2012.

M. Christopher, J. , B. Christopher, R. , K. Brian et al., A method for highthroughput quantitative analysis of yeast chronological life span. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, vol.63, pp.113-121, 2008.

E. Navarro-tapia and R. P´erez-torrado, Ethanol Effects Involve Non-canonical Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Yeast Cells, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol.8, pp.1-12, 2017.

N. Aaron and M. , Sporulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

, Genetics, 2011.

N. Conrad, A. , and L. Gianni, From sequence to function: Insights from natural variation in budding yeasts, 2011.

N. Julius, H. Rasmus, and B. , Eye lens radiocarbon reveals cen-turies of longevity in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), Science, vol.353, issue.6300, pp.699-702, 2016.

M. Niso-santano and S. A. Malik, Unsaturated fatty acids induce non-canonical autophagy, The EMBO Journal, vol.34, issue.8, pp.1025-1041, 2015.

O. Alejandro and B. Antoni, Quick and reliable assessment of chronological life span in yeast cell populations by flow cytometry. Mecha-nisms of Ageing and Development, vol.132, pp.315-323, 2011.

L. Ocampo-alejandro, S. Jingjing, A. Elizabeth, S. Gerald, and B. Antoni, Mitochondrial respiratory thresholds regulate yeast chrono-logical life span and its extension by caloric restriction, Cell Metabolism, vol.16, issue.1, pp.55-67, 2012.

O. Jim, V. James, and W. , Broken limits to life expectancy, Science, 2002.

O. Shoko, T. Tsuyoshi, N. Akira, M. Nariyasu, and K. Shusuke, Multistep Disulfide Bond Formation in Yap1 Is Required for Sensing and Transduction of H2O2 Stress Signal, Molecular Cell, vol.27, issue.4, pp.675-688, 2007.

A. M. Olovnikov, . Theory, and . Marginotomy, The incomplete copying of template margin in enzymatic synthesis of polynucleotides and biological significance of the phenomenon, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1973.

O. Hiroshi, E. Paul, T. Paola, and S. , Histology and survival in age-delayed low-tryptophan-fed rats, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.43, issue.1, pp.79-98, 1988.

O. Norman, M. Jonathan, R. Defelice, A. Zimmerman, and J. , Low Methionine Ingestion by Rats Extends Life Span, The Journal of nutrition, vol.123, issue.2, pp.269-274, 1993.

J. O'rourke-eyleen, K. Petric, X. Ramnik, and R. Gary, ?-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids extend life span through the activation of au-tophagy, Genes and Development, vol.27, issue.4, pp.429-440, 2013.

O. Harry, T. , Z. Huda, and Y. , Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders. An-nual Review of Neuroscience, vol.30, pp.575-623, 2007.

J. O'sullivan-roderick, K. Stefan, S. Stuart, L. , and K. , Reduced histone biosynthesis and chromatin changes arising from a damage signal at telomeres, Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1218-1225, 2010.

M. C. Palmieri, W. Greenhalf, and C. Laluce, Efficient flotation of yeast cells grown in batch culture, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol.50, issue.3, pp.248-256, 1996.

P. Yong, S. Elizabeth, A. Ocampo-alejandro, A. Barrientos, S. Gerald et al., Regulation of yeast chronological life span by TORC1 via adaptive mitochondrial ROS signaling, Cell Metabolism, vol.13, issue.6, pp.668-678, 2011.

P. Yong, S. Gerald, and S. , Extension of chronological life span by reduced TOR signaling requires downregulation of Sch9p and involves increased mito-chondrial OXPHOS complex density, Aging, vol.1, issue.1, pp.131-145, 2009.

P. Leopold, C. Francisco, and A. , Revealing the genetic structure of a trait by sequencing a population under selection, Genome Research, vol.21, issue.7, pp.1131-1138, 2011.

P. Raymond, P. Ruth, and D. , The ancestry of the long-lived, 1934.

I. Pedruzzi, N. Bu¨rckert, P. Egger, D. Virgilio, and C. , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ras/cAMP pathway controls post-diauxic shift element-dependent transcription through the zinc finger protein Gis1, The EMBO journal, vol.19, issue.11, pp.2569-79, 2000.

P. Ivo and D. Fr´ed´erique, TOR and PKA Signaling Pathways Converge on the Protein Kinase Rim15 to Control Entry into G0, Molecular Cell, vol.12, issue.6, pp.1607-1613, 2003.

P. Clara and S. Luc´?lia, Interference of aging media on the assessment of yeast chronological life span by propidium iodide staining, Folia Microbiologica, vol.58, issue.1, pp.81-84, 2013.

P. Thomas, T. Bubrick-ellen, G. Wager-carrie, J. Vijg, and K. Leonid, Siblings of centenarians live longer, Lancet, vol.351, issue.9115, pp.61126-61135, 1998.

P. Jackson and . De-chiara-matteo, Genome evolution across 1,011 Saccha-romyces cerevisiae isolates, Nature, 2018.

P. Peter and W. , Maximising the yeast chronological lifespan. Sub-Cellular Bio-chemistry, vol.57, pp.145-159, 2012.

P. Peter, W. , H. Nicholas, L. , and M. Morag, Preadaptation to efficient respiratory maintenance is essential both for maximal longevity andthe retention of replicative potential in chronologically ageing yeast. Mecha-nisms of Ageing and Development, vol.127, pp.733-740, 2006.

P. Stefano, B. Ferdinando, A. Brigitte, and S. Volker, Re-versing the life cycle: Medusae transforming into polyps and cell transdiffer-entiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), Biological Bulletin, vol.190, issue.3, pp.302-312, 1996.

P. Scott, D. , M. Stuart, and J. , Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and calorically restricted Drosophila melanogaster, Current Biology, vol.12, issue.9, pp.712-723, 2002.

P. Spike, D. , M. Mackenzie, E. Wong-berchman, H. Troy et al., The yeast forkhead transcription factors fkh1 and fkh2 regulate lifes-pan and stress response together with the anaphase-promoting complex, PLoS Genetics, vol.8, issue.3, p.2012

P. Michel, C. Danny, and F. Michel, L'héritabilité de la longévité : les centenaires et les autres, Annales de d´emographie historique, vol.2, pp.37-53, 1999.

T. Powers-evan, I. Morimoto-richard, D. Andrew, K. Jeffery, W. et al., Biological and Chemical Approaches to Diseases of Proteostasis Deficiency, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.78, issue.1, pp.959-991, 2009.

R. Powers, K. Wilson, C. Matt, D. Seth, K. Brian et al., Extension of chronological life span in yeast by decreased TOR pathway signaling, Genes and Development, vol.20, issue.2, pp.174-184, 2006.

P. Daniel and E. L. , On size and survival: progress and pitfalls in the allometry of life span, 1993.

P. Daniel and E. L. , DNA repair and the evolution of longevity: A critical analysis, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.170, issue.3, pp.291-300, 1994.

K. R. Prowse and C. W. Greider, Developmental and tissue-specific regu-lation of mouse telomerase and telomere length, Proceedings of the Na-tional Academy of Sciences, vol.92, pp.4818-4822, 1995.

Q. Hong, L. Meng, G. David, and S. , Genomic instability is associated with natural life span variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.7, 2008.

R. Thomas and A. , Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality, Nature, vol.441, issue.7097, pp.1080-1086, 2006.

B. Rascon and J. F. Harrison, Lifespan and oxidative stress show a non-linear response to atmospheric oxygen in Drosophila, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.213, issue.20, pp.3441-3448, 2010.

R. Eric, R. Leanne, and M. , A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: Feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity, Journals of Gerontology -Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.70, issue.9, pp.1097-1104, 2015.

R. Max, B. Graham, and G. Duncan, Increased outbreeding in yeast in response to dispersal by an insect vector, 2007.

R. Michèle and M. Alan, Calorie restriction reduces rDNA recombina-tion independently of rDNA silencing, Aging Cell, vol.8, issue.6, pp.624-632, 2009.

R. Michael and S. Sebastian, Extending life span by increasing ox-idative stress, 2011.

R. A. , History of geriatric medicine: From Hippocrates to Marjory Warren, 2012.

J. M. Robine and J. W. Vaupel, Supercentenarians: Slower ageing individuals or se-nile elderly?, Experimental Gerontology, vol.36, issue.4-6, pp.915-930, 2001.

R. Francis and C. Judith, Four faces of cellular senescence, The Journal of cell biology, vol.192, issue.4, pp.547-56, 2011.

B. Rogina and S. L. Helfand, Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.45, pp.15998-16003, 2004.

R. David and C. , Growth negatively impacts the life span of mammals, 2002.

R. Lisa, A. Aaron, and F. , Obesity associated with increased brain age from midlife, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.47, pp.63-70, 2016.

R. Michael and R. , Laboratory evolution of postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, vol.38, pp.1004-1010, 1984.

R. Derrick and J. Bryder-david, Deficiencies in DNA damage repair limit the function of haematopoietic stem cells with age, Nature, vol.447, issue.7145, pp.725-729, 2007.

R. Christoph and N. Christine, Lifespan Extension by Methio-nine Restriction Requires Autophagy-Dependent Vacuolar Acidification, PLoS Genetics, vol.10, issue.5, 2014.

R. Steven, J. Kahn, and C. Ronald, Endocrine regulation of ageing, 2007.

S. Francisco, C. Francisco, and A. , The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Oenological Traits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.11, p.2012

S. Akiko and C. S. Brace, Sirt1 extends life span and delays aging in mice through the regulation of Nk2 Homeobox 1 in the DMH and LH, Cell Metabolism, vol.18, issue.3, pp.416-430, 2013.

S. Karl, The Association of Size Differences with Seed-Coat Pattern and Pig-mentation in Phaseolus vulgaris, Genetics, vol.8, issue.6, pp.552-60, 1923.

S. Giuseppe, F. Maria, and E. , Polyamines in mammalian ageing: An oncological problem, too? A review, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.26, issue.2-3, pp.149-164, 1984.

F. Schachter-fran¸cois and . Laurence, Genetic associations with hu-man longevity at the APOE and ACE loci, Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, vol.19, issue.2, pp.102-107, 2006.

S. Georgia, M. Christopher, R. , P. Hugh, and -. , The Saccha-romyces cerevisiae linker histone Hho1p is essential for chromatin compaction in stationary phase and is displaced by transcription, Proceedings of the Na-tional Academy of Sciences, vol.105, pp.14838-14843, 2008.

S. Bart and G. Andre, The uses of genome-wide yeast mutant collec-tions, Genome Biology, 2004.

S. Jennifer, J. Simon, and C. , Molecular mechanisms underlying genotype-dependent responses to dietary restriction, Aging cell, 2013.

J. Schulz-tim and Z. Kim, Glucose Restriction Extends Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span by Inducing Mitochondrial Respiration and Increasing Ox-idative Stress, Cell Metabolism, vol.6, issue.4, pp.280-293, 2007.

S. Payel, P. Shah-parisha, B. Nativio-raffaella, and L. Shelley, Epigenetic Mechanisms of Longevity and Aging, 2016.

E. Sestini, J. Carlson, and A. R. , The effects of ambient temperature on life span, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and phospholipase A2 activity in Drosophila melanogaster, Experimental gerontology, vol.26, issue.4, pp.385-95, 1991.

S. Zhanna, B. Sandro, S. Frei, G. Buvelot, B. Gaston et al., A mechanism for asymmetric segregation of age during yeast budding, Nature, pp.728-734, 2008.

S. Richard, J. Daniel, and F. , Mapping Causal Variants with Single-Nucleotide Resolution Reveals Biochemical Drivers of Phenotypic Change, Cell, vol.172, issue.3, pp.478-490, 2018.

S. Stephen, J. Le-couteur-david, and G. , Dietary protein, aging and nutritional geometry, 2017.

S. David, A. , and G. Leonard, Extrachromosomal rDNA circles -A cause of aging in yeast, Cell, vol.91, issue.7, pp.80493-80499, 1997.

S. David, A. Mills-kevin, and G. Leonard, Accelerated aging and nucleolar fragmentation in yeast SGS1 mutants, Science, vol.277, issue.5330, pp.1313-1316, 1997.

B. Singh-ram and D. Gal, Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progres-sion of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): A randomised single-blind trial, Lancet, vol.360, issue.9344, pp.1455-1461, 2002.

S. Cathy, A. Foley, and P. Linda, Activation of AMPK by the Putative Dietary Restriction Mimetic Metformin Is Insufficient to Ex-tend Lifespan in Drosophila, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.10, p.2012

S. Tod, C. James, K. Brian, K. , C. Francesca et al., Loss of transcriptional silencing causes sterility in old mother cells of S. cerevisiae, Cell, vol.84, issue.4, pp.633-642, 1996.

S. Daniel and L. Li-chonghua, Calorie restriction effects on silencing and re-combination at the yeast rDNA, Aging Cell, vol.8, issue.6, pp.633-642, 2009.

S. Daniel, L. Maharrey-crystal, H. , C. Christopher, R. White-richard et al., Genenutrient interaction markedly influences yeast chronological lifespan, Experimental Gerontology, vol.86, pp.113-123, 2016.

S. Richelle and H. Dongqing, Mapping pathways and phenotypes by systematic gene overexpression, Molecular Cell, vol.21, issue.3, pp.319-330, 2006.

H. St-charles-jordan, L. Monica, P. Thomas, and D. , Meiotic chro-mosome segregation in triploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.186, issue.2, pp.537-550, 2010.

, Stadtman Earl R. Protein Oxidation and Aging Earl. Science, 1992.

S. Earl, R. Van-remmen, R. Holly, W. Arlan, B. Nancy et al., Methionine oxidation and aging, 2005.

K. Steffen-kristan and L. Mackay-vivian, Yeast Life Span Extension by De-pletion of 60S Ribosomal Subunits Is Mediated by Gcn4, Cell, vol.133, issue.2, pp.292-302, 2008.

K. Steinkraus, K. Matt, K. Brian, and K. , Replicative aging in yeast: the means to the end, Annual review of cell and developmental biology, vol.24, pp.29-54, 2008.

S. Lars and M. Sinha-himanshu, Dissecting the architecture of a quan-titative trait locus in yeast, Nature, 2002.

S. Eric, J. , M. Richard, P. Gregory, and T. Franc, Ag-ing and death in an organism that reproduces by morphologically symmet-ric division, PLoS Biology, vol.3, issue.2, pp.295-0300, 2005.

S. Yuri, D. Helge, B. Ulf, T. , and T. Alexei, Testing the "garbage" accumulation theory of ageing: Mitotic activity protects cells from death induced by inhibition of autophagy, Biogerontology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.39-47, 2005.

. Strong-randy and R. A. Miller, Evaluation of resveratrol, green tea ex-tract, curcumin, oxaloacetic acid, and medium-chain triglyceride oil on life span of genetically heterogeneous mice, Journals of GerontologySeries A Bio-logical Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.68, issue.1, pp.6-16, 2013.

S. Pooja, K. , S. Daniel, and A. , The 100-genomes strains, an S. cerevisiae resource that illuminates its natural phenotypic and genotypic variation and emergence as an opportunistic pathogen, Genome Research, 2015.

W. Stumpferl-stefan and S. E. Brand, Natural genetic variation in yeast longevity, Genome Research, vol.22, issue.10, pp.1963-1973, 2012.

S. Jiayan, K. Shubha, P. Childress-adele, M. , P. Chutaphant et al., Divergent roles of RAS1 and RAS2 in yeast longevity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.269, issue.28, pp.18638-18645, 1994.

T. Yasushi, H. Takashi, and K. Takehiko, Transcription-dependent recombination and the role of fork collision in yeast rDNA, Genes and Development, vol.17, issue.12, pp.1497-1506, 2003.

T. Fusheng, W. Joseph, and W. , A life-span extending form of autophagy employs the vacuole-vacuole fusion machinery, Autophagy, vol.4, issue.7, pp.874-886, 2008.

T. Scott, C. , and D. Laura, Selling long life, Nature biotechnology, vol.33, issue.1, 2015.

T. Heidi, A. , and G. Leonard, Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Nature, vol.3, pp.213-219, 2001.

T. Parul and . Bhatia-aatish, Sporulation Genes Associated with Sporulation Efficiency in Natural Isolates of Yeast, PLoS ONE, vol.8, issue.7, 2013.

T. Antonia and O. Philippos, Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study, British Medical Journal, vol.330, issue.7498, pp.991-995, 2005.

M. Troen-aron and E. E. French, Lifespan modification by glucose and methionine in Drosophila melanogaster fed a chemically defined diet, Age, vol.29, issue.1, pp.29-39, 2007.

J. Tsai-isheng, B. Douda, B. Austin, and K. Vassiliki, Pop-ulation genomics of the wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus: quantifying the life cycle, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.12, pp.4957-4962, 2008.

S. Vachova-libu?se and . Vratislav, drug efflux pumps, and the extra-cellular matrix cooperate to form biofilm yeast colonies, Journal of Cell Biology, vol.194, issue.5, pp.679-687, 2011.

A. M. Valdes and T. Andrew, Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women Lancet, Lancet, 2005.

V. James and W. , Biodemography of human ageing, 2010.

. V´azquez-garc´?a, S. Ignacio, and . Francisco, Clonal Heterogeneity Influences the Fate of New Adaptive Mutations, Cell Reports, vol.21, pp.732-744, 2017.

R. Veatch-joshua, M. Michael, A. , N. Zara, W. et al., Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to nuclear genome instability: A link through iron-sulfur clusters, Cell, vol.137, issue.7, pp.1247-1258, 2009.

V. Craig, R. J. Mark, D. Adams, E. W. Myers, P. W. Li-richard et al., , p.1

R. M. Ballew, . Daniel, and . Huson, The Sequence of the Human Genome, Science, vol.291, pp.1304-1351, 2001.

V. Wilbert, P. Hoeijmakers-jan, H. J. , and P. Joris, Genome Integrity in Aging: Human Syndromes, Mouse Models, and Therapeutic Options, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol.56, issue.1, pp.427-445, 2016.

J. Verstrepen-kevin, J. An, L. Fran, F. Gerald, and R. , Intragenic tandem repeats generate functional variability, Nature genetics, vol.37, issue.9, pp.986-990, 2005.

J. Verstrepen-kevin, K. Frans, and M. , Flocculation, adhesion and biofilm forma-tion in yeasts, 2006.

V. Jan, K. Brian, and K. , The Essence of Aging, 2016.

W. Vogt, Oxidation of methionyl residues in proteins: Tools, targets, and reversal, p.158, 1994.

T. Von-zglinicki, Oxidative stress shortens telomeres, 2002.

W. Roy, L. Spindler-stephen, and R. , The response to calorie restriction in mammals shows features also common to hibernation: A cross-adaptation hy-pothesis, 1997.

W. Richard, F. , and C. Serban, Clinical and genetic analysis of a rare syndrome associated with neoteny, Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, vol.20, issue.5, pp.495-502, 2018.

W. Richard, F. , P. Lawrence, and C. , A case study of "disorganized de-velopment" and its possible relevance to genetic determinants of aging. Mecha-nisms of Ageing and Development, vol.130, pp.350-356, 2009.

H. Wang and S. H. Preston, Forecasting United States mortality using cohort smoking histories, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.106, issue.2, pp.393-398, 2009.

W. Jonas and Z. Enik¨o, Trait variation in yeast is defined by population history, PLoS Genetics, vol.7, issue.6, 2011.

M. Wasko-brian and K. Matt, Yeast replicative aging: A paradigm for defining conserved longevity interventions, FEMS Yeast Research, vol.14, pp.148-159, 2014.

W. Min and F. Paola, Life span extension by calorie restriction depends on Rim15 and transcription factors downstream of Ras/PKA, Tor, and Sch9, PLoS genetics, vol.4, issue.1, 2008.

W. Min and F. Paola, Tor1/Sch9-regulated carbon source substitu-tion is as effective as calorie restriction in life span extension, PLoS genetics, vol.5, issue.5, p.1000467, 2009.

W. Martin and F. Li, DNA replication stress is a determinant of chronological lifespan in budding yeast, PLoS ONE, vol.2, issue.8, 2007.

W. Martin, . Sampaio-marques, L. Bel´em, B. Paula, and C. William, DNA replication stress-induced loss of reproductive capacity in S. cerevisiae and its inhibition by caloric restriction, Cell Cycle, vol.12, issue.8, pp.1189-1200, 2013.

R. Weindruch, R. L. Walford, S. Fligiel, and G. D. , The retardation of aging in mice by dietary restriction: Longevity, cancer, immunity and lifetime energy intake, Journal of Nutrition, vol.116, issue.4, pp.641-654, 1986.

M. Werner-washburne, E. Braun, M. Crawford, and V. Peck, Stationary phase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Molecular microbiology, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1159-1166, 1996.

W. Stefan and L. Gen, An evaluation of high-throughput approaches to QTL mapping in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, vol.196, issue.3, pp.853-865, 2014.

D. Willcox, W. Craig, J. Bradley, T. Hidemi, J. Curb et al., Caloric restriction and human longevity: What can we learn from the Okinawans?, 2006.

W. George and C. Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senes-cence, Evolution, vol.11, pp.398-411, 1957.

W. Tobias and S. Erwin, The yeast protein kinase Sch9 adjusts V-ATPase assembly/disassembly to control pH homeostasis and longevity in re-sponse to glucose availability, PLoS Genetics, vol.13, issue.6, 2017.

W. Elizabeth, A. , S. Daniel, and D. , Functional characteri-zation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome by gene deletion and par-allel analysis, Science, vol.285, issue.5429, pp.901-906, 1999.

W. Donald, J. Skommer, and D. Zbigniew, Flow cytometry-based apoptosis detection, Methods in molecular biology, vol.559, pp.19-32, 2009.

P. Woo-dong-kyun and O. Robert, The absence of a mitochondrial genome in rho0yeast cells extends lifespan independently of retrograde regu-lation, Experimental Gerontology, vol.44, issue.6-7, pp.390-397, 2009.

C. Wu, S. Wei, and B. Kenneth, Life in the cold: Links between mammalian hibernation and longevity, 2016.

W. David, Cellular senescence and cancer, vol.187, 1999.

W. Vc, Evolution Through Group Selection, Journal of Genetics, vol.65, issue.3, pp.213-217, 1986.

Z. Xie, U. Nair, and D. J. Klionsky, Atg8 Controls Phagophore Expansion during Autophagosome Formation, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.19, issue.8, pp.3290-3298, 2008.

X. Zhengwei and Z. Yi, Molecular phenotyping of aging in single yeast cells using a novel microfluidic device, Aging cell, vol.11, issue.4, pp.599-606, 2012.

Y. Tracy, M. Arantes-oliveira, B. Nuno, R. Jennifer, K. Zhang-peichuan et al., Distinct activities of the germline and somatic reproduc-tive tissues in the regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans' longevity, Genetics, vol.178, issue.1, pp.513-526, 2008.

Y. Jingye and D. Huzefa, Cell size and growth rate are major determinants of replicative lifespan, Cell Cycle, vol.10, issue.1, pp.144-155, 2011.

Y. Chang-en and O. Junko, Positional cloning of the Werner's syndrome gene, Science, 1996.

K. Yuan-yiyuan and S. Chandra, Enhanced energy metabolism con-tributes to the extended life span of calorie-restricted Caenorhabditis elegans, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.287, issue.37, pp.31414-31426, 2012.

L. Yue-jia-xing and . Jing, Contrasting evolutionary genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts, Nature Genetics, vol.49, issue.6, pp.913-924, 2017.

Z. Martin and H. Johan, Scan-o-matic: High-Resolution Micro-bial Phenomics at a Massive Scale. G3&#58, Genes-Genomes-Genetics, vol.6, issue.9, pp.3003-3014, 2016.

Z. Renata, B. Grzegorz, and B. Tomasz, Replicative aging of the yeast does not require DNA replication, Biochemical and Biophysi-cal Research Communications, vol.333, issue.1, pp.138-141, 2005.

Z. Shadia, Z. Lippman-soyeon-im, B. Xin, and R. James, How Sac-charomyces Responds to Nutrients, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.42, issue.1, pp.27-81, 2008.

Z. Mar´?a, S. Deborah, A. , A. Marta, T. Antonio et al., Microbial competition : Escherichia coli mutants that take over sta-tionary phase cultures, Science, vol.259, issue.5102, pp.1757-1760, 1993.

Z. Bas, R. Bijlsma, and R. F. Hoekstra, Direct Selection on Life Span in Drosophila melanogaster, Evolution, vol.49, issue.4, p.649, 1995.