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R. Non, SYMPTOMATIQUE montré que des éléments médio-plantaires fins externes (EME) et surtout internes (EMI) améliorent la stabilité orthostatique et postériorisent le CPP de sujets jeunes et sains lors de mouvements des yeux. Ils ont aussi une action spécifique sur la vergence (pas sur les saccades) : les EMI augmentent l'amplitude phasique de divergence et diminuent la partie tonique, autrement dit agissent surtout sur la composante pré-programmée du mouvement ; alors que les EME agissent sur la convergence en augmentant son amplitude tonique, composante contrôlée sous influence de la rétroaction visuelle. Les inserts influent de manière directe sur le contrôle postural et oculomoteur par des voies spécifiques et indépendantes. La 2 ème étude explique la variabilité des réponses des sujets de la 1 ère . Nous avons mesuré leur degré d'utilisation des afférences extéroceptives plantaires par la

. Un, Elle a mis en évidence l'existence d'une utilisation synergique des afférences visuelles et plantaires en vision de près, uniquement chez les sujets au QP normal. Les sujets IAP ont un QR plus bas que les sujets au QP normal, en vision de près et sur sol dur uniquement. Sur mousse, leur QR des sujets IAP augmente ; les yeux fermés, leur QP augmente, ce qui objective une asynergie visuopodale. La 4 ème étude, sur la même population, a montré qu'un EME bilatéral augmente l'ésophorie, uniquement de loin et chez les sujets IAP. La 5 ème étude a révélé l'influence de l'extéroception plantaire sur la perception de la Verticale Visuelle Subjective (VVS) sur la même population. Elle a montré une diminution de l'erreur vers la gauche de près chez les sujets au QP normal avec un EME droit, ainsi qu'une diminution de l'erreur absolue de loin chez les sujets IAP avec un EMI bilatéral, une Inefficience des Afférences Plantaires (IAP) : les sujets IAP ne présentent plus d'amélioration de leur stabilité ni aucune modification de la vergence avec les inserts plantaires