N. Adams and S. Stolz, Deconvolution methods for subgrid-scale approximation in large eddy simulation, Mod Simul Strateg Turbul. Flow, 2001.

S. R. Ahmed, G. Ramm, and G. Faltin, Some Salient Features Of The Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake (SAE Technical Paper No. 840300). SAE Technical Paper, 1984.

S. R. Ahmed, G. Ramm, and G. Faltin, Some Salient Features Of The Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake (SAE Technical Paper). SAE Technical Paper, 1984.

J. Aider, J. Beaudoin, and J. E. Wesfreid, Drag and lift reduction of a 3D bluff-body using active vortex generators, Exp. Fluids, vol.48, pp.771-789, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01654042

J. Aider, P. Joseph, T. Ruiz, P. Gilotte, Y. Eulalie et al., Active flow control using pulsed microjets on a full-scale production car Active flow control using pulsed micro-jets on a full-scale production car, Int. J. Flow Control, vol.6, 2014.

G. Arwatz, I. Fono, and A. Seifert, Suction and Oscillatory Blowing Actuator, IUTAM Symposium on Flow Control and MEMS, IUTAM Bookseries, pp.33-44, 2008.

S. Aubrun, J. Mcnally, F. Alvi, and A. Kourta, Separation flow control on a generic ground vehicle using steady microjet arrays, Exp. Fluids, vol.51, pp.1177-1187, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00654733

, Audi Technology Portal -Underbody

A. Technol and . Portal, , p.1007

A. Barbagallo, D. Sipp, and P. J. Schmid, Closed-loop control of an open cavity flow using reduced-order models, J. Fluid Mech, vol.641, pp.1-50, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01021129

J. Bardina, J. Ferziger, and W. Reynolds, Improved subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulation, 13th Fluid and PlasmaDynamics Conference, Fluid Dynamics and CoLocated Conferences, 1980.

R. H. Barnard, Road vehicle aerodynamic design -an introduction, 2001.

D. Barros, J. Borée, B. R. Noack, A. Spohn, and T. Ruiz, Bluff body drag manipulation using pulsed jets and Coanda effect, J. Fluid Mech, vol.805, pp.422-459, 2016.

J. Beaudoin and J. Aider, Drag and lift reduction of a 3D bluff body using flaps, Exp. Fluids, vol.44, p.491, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00173194

M. Bergmann, Optimisation aérodynamique par réduction de modèle POD et contrôle optimal : application au sillage laminaire d'un cylindre circulaire. Vandoeuvre-lesNancy, 2004.

M. Bergmann and L. Cordier, Optimal control of the cylinder wake in the laminar regime by trust-region methods and POD reduced-order models, J. Comput. Phys, vol.227, pp.7813-7840, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00368500

E. Bideaux, P. Bobillier, E. Fournier, P. Gilliéron, M. El-hajem et al., Drag reduction by pulsed jets on strongly unstructured wake: towards the square back control, Int. J. Aerodyn, vol.1, pp.282-298, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00582525

F. Birol, CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, Highlights. International Energy Agency, 2017.

G. Bonnavion, Dynamics of the unstable wake modes in automotive aerodynamics : from simplified models to real vehicles (thesis), 2018.

G. Bonnavion and O. Cadot, Unstable wake dynamics of rectangular flat-backed bluff bodies with inclination and ground proximity, J. Fluid Mech, vol.854, pp.196-232, 2018.

V. Boucinha, R. Weber, and A. Kourta, Drag reduction of a 3D bluff body using plasma actuators, Int. J. Aerodyn, vol.1, p.262, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00616933

J. Boudet, E. Lévêque, P. Borgnat, A. Cahuzac, and M. C. Jacob, A Kalman filter adapted to the estimation of mean gradients in the large-eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows, Comput. Fluids, vol.127, pp.65-77, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01393342

J. Boussinesq, . Paris, C. Bruneau, E. Creusé, D. Depeyras et al., Coupling active and passive techniques to control the flow past the square back Ahmed body, Comput. Fluids, vol.39, pp.1875-1892, 1877.

C. Bruneau, E. Creusé, P. Gilliéron, and I. Mortazavi, Effect of the vortex dynamics on the drag coefficient of a square back Ahmed body: Application to the flow control, Eur. J. Mech. -BFluids, vol.45, pp.1-11, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01091585

V. Brunet, C. Francois, E. Garnier, and M. Pruvost, Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Vortex Generators Effects, 3rd AIAA Flow Control Conference, Fluid Dynamics and Co-Located Conferences, 2006.

A. Brunn and W. Nitsche, Drag Reduction of an Ahmed Car Model by Means of Active Separation Control at the Rear Vehicle Slant, New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics V, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM), pp.249-256, 2006.

J. Chollet and M. Lesieur, Parameterization of Small Scales of Three-Dimensional Isotropic Turbulence Utilizing Spectral Closures, J. Atmospheric Sci, vol.38, pp.2747-2757, 1981.

C. Chovet, Manipulation de la turbulence en utilisant le contrôle par mode glissant et le contrôle par apprentissage : de l'écoulement sur une marche descendente à une voiture réelle, 2018.

L. Cordier, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition: An Overview, Lect. Ser, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00417819

L. Cordier and M. Bergmann, -01 on Post-Processing of Experimental and Numerical Data, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Lecture Series, p.46, 2002.

E. Creusé, A. Giovannini, and I. Mortazavi, Vortex simulation of active control strategies for transitional backward-facing step flows, Special Issue Dedicated to Professor Alain Lerat on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday, vol.38, pp.1348-1360, 2009.

F. Delassaux, V. Herbert, I. Mortazavi, and C. Ribes, Comparison of Three Hybrid Turbulence Models for the Flow Around a $$25^{\circ }$$ 25 ? Ahmed Body, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, pp.265-275, 2018.

I. Dobrev and F. Massouh, Investigation of relationship between drag and lift coefficients for a generic car model, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01082895

, Proceedings, pp.171-174

T. Duriez, Application des générateurs de Vortex au contrôle d'écoulements décollés (thesis), 2009.

T. Duriez, J. Aider, and J. E. Wesfreid, Non-Linear Modulation of a Boundary Layer Induced by Vortex Generators, 4th Flow Control Conference, Fluid Dynamics and Co-Located Conferences, 2008.

S. Edwige, Y. Eulalie, P. Gilotte, and I. Mortazavi, Wake flow analysis and control on a 47° slant angle Ahmed body, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, vol.28, pp.1061-1079, 2018.

U. Ehrenstein and C. Eloy, Skin friction on a moving wall and its implications for swimming animals, J. Fluid Mech, vol.718, pp.321-346, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00919512

A. El-shrif, Contrôle optimal par simulation aux grandes échelles d'un écoulement turbulent, 2008.

Y. Eulalie, Étude aérodynamique et contrôle de la traînée sur un corps de Ahmed culot droit, 2014.

Y. Eulalie, E. Fournier, P. Gilotte, D. Holst, S. Johnson et al., Active flow control analysis at the rear of an SUV, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, vol.28, pp.1169-1186, 2018.

O. Frederich and D. Luchtenburg, MODAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX TURBULENT FLOW, 2018.

N. Gautier, J. Aider, T. Duriez, B. R. Noack, M. Segond et al., Closed-loop separation control using machine learning, J. Fluid Mech, vol.770, pp.442-457, 2015.

M. Germano, U. Piomelli, P. Moin, and W. Cabot, A Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Eddy Viscosity Model, Phys Fluids A, vol.3, pp.1760-1765, 1991.

M. Germano, U. Piomelli, P. Moin, and W. H. Cabot, A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity model, Phys. Fluids Fluid Dyn, vol.3, pp.1760-1765, 1991.

S. Ghosal, T. S. Lund, P. Moin, and K. Akselvoll, A dynamic localization model for large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows, J. Fluid Mech, vol.286, pp.229-255, 1995.

P. Gilliéron and A. Kourta, Aerodynamic drag control by pulsed jets on simplified car geometry, Exp. Fluids, vol.54, pp.14-57, 2013.

M. Grandemange, Analysis and control of three-dimensional turbulent wakes : from axisymmetric bodies to road vehicles (thesis), 2013.

M. Grandemange, A. Mary, M. Gohlke, and O. Cadot, Effect on drag of the flow orientation at the base separation of a simplified blunt road vehicle, Exp. Fluids, vol.54, p.1529, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01228154

A. F. Heenan and J. Morrison, Passive control of backstep flow, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci, vol.16, pp.122-132, 1998.

C. Hinterberger, M. García-villalba, W. Rodi, R. Mccallen, and F. Browand, Large eddy simulation of flow around the Ahmed body, The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains, pp.77-87, 2004.

R. Howard and M. Pourquie, Large eddy simulation of an Ahmed reference model, J. Turbul. -J TURBUL, vol.3, 2002.

W. Hucho and G. Sovran, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech, vol.25, pp.485-537, 1993.

W. Hucho, Chapter 1 -Introduction to automobile aerodynamics, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, pp.1-46, 1987.

J. C. Hunt and J. F. Morrison, Eddy structure in turbulent boundary layers, Eur. J. Mech. -BFluids, vol.19, pp.129-130, 2000.

N. Hutchins and I. Marusic, Evidence of very long meandering features in the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech, vol.579, pp.1-28, 2007.

I. Heft, A. Indinger, T. Adams, and N. , Introduction of a New Realistic Generic Car Model for Aerodynamic Investigations, 2012.

M. R. Jovanovic, P. Schmid, and J. W. Nichols, Low-rank and sparse dynamic mode decomposition, pp.139-152, 2010.

M. R. Jovanovi?, P. J. Schmid, and J. W. Nichols, Sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition, Phys. Fluids, vol.26, p.24103, 2014.

G. Karniadakis and S. Sherwin, Spectral/hp Element Methods for CFD, 1999.

G. K. Karpouzas, E. M. Papoutsis-kiachagias, T. Schumacher, E. De-villiers, K. C. Giannakoglou et al., , 2016.

I. S. Kavvadias, C. K. Vezyris, E. M. Papoutsis-kiachagias, K. C. Giannakoglou, U. Low-cost et al.,

B. Khalighi, J. Ho, J. Cooney, B. Neiswander, T. C. Corke et al., Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Investigation for a Simplified Road Vehicle Using Plasma Flow Control V01AT13A014, 2016.

A. N. Kolmogorov, The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers, Proc R Soc Lond A, vol.434, pp.9-13, 1991.

A. Kourta, A. Thacker, and R. Joussot, Analysis and characterization of ramp flow separation, Exp. Fluids, vol.56, p.104, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01186711

S. Krajnovic and L. Davidson, Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Around an Ahmed Body, Proc. ASME Heat TransferFluids Eng. Summer Conf, pp.653-662, 2004.

S. Krajnovic, R. Larusson, and B. Basara, Superiority of PANS compared to LES in predicting a rudimentary landing gear flow with affordable meshes, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol.37, pp.109-122, 2012.

S. Krajnovi?, G. Minelli, and B. Basara, Partially-averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Two Bluff Body Flows, Appl Math Comput, vol.272, pp.692-706, 2016.

S. Le-clainche and J. Vega, Higher Order Dynamic Mode Decomposition, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst, vol.16, pp.882-925, 2017.

C. Leclerc, Réduction de la trainée d'un véhicule automobile simplifié à l'aide du contrôle actif par jet synthétique, 2008.

M. Lesieur and O. Metais, New Trends in Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulence, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech, vol.28, pp.45-82, 1996.

M. Lesieur, O. Métais, and P. Comte, Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulence, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00261551

R. Li, Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of a Square-Back Car Model Using Linear Genetic Programming and Physic-Based Control, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01685306

R. Li, B. R. Noack, L. Cordier, J. Borée, and F. Harambat, Drag reduction of a car model by linear genetic programming control, Exp. Fluids, vol.58, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856270

D. Lilly, The representation of small scale turbulence in numerical simulation experiments, Presented at the IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on environmental sciences, pp.195-210, 1967.

J. L. Lumley, Coherent Structures in Turbulence, Transition and Turbulence, pp.215-242, 1981.

J. L. Lumley, The Structure of Inhomogeneous Turbulent Flows, pp.166-178, 1967.

G. Martinat, R. Bourguet, Y. Hoarau, F. Dehaeze, B. Jorez et al., Numerical Simulation of the Flow in the Wake of Ahmed Body Using Detached Eddy Simulation and URANS Modeling, Advances in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00592191

D. Matsumoto and T. Indinger, On-the-fly algorithm for Dynamic Mode Decomposition using Incremental Singular Value Decomposition and Total Least Squares, 2017.

J. Mcnally, E. Fernandez, G. Robertson, R. Kumar, K. Taira et al., Drag reduction on a flat-back ground vehicle with active flow control, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn, vol.145, pp.292-303, 2015.

M. Metka, An Examination of Active Drag Reduction Methods for Ground Vehicles (Thesis). The Ohio State University, 2013.

M. Metka and J. W. Gregory, Drag Reduction on the 25-deg Ahmed Model Using Fluidic Oscillators, J. Fluids Eng, vol.137, pp.51108-051108, 2015.

C. Mimeau, I. Mortazavi, and G. Cottet, Passive control of the flow around a hemisphere using porous media, Eur. J. Mech. -BFluids, vol.65, pp.213-226, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01483400

G. Minelli, E. A. Hartono, V. Chernoray, L. Hjelm, B. Basara et al., Development of Active Flow Control for Trucks, Presented at the 3rd Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC) Fort, 2018.

M. Minguez, R. Pasquetti, and E. Serre, High-order large-eddy simulation of flow over the "Ahmed body" car model, Phys. Fluids, vol.20, p.95101, 2008.

F. Nicoud and F. Ducros, Subgrid-Scale Stress Modelling Based on the Square of the Velocity Gradient Tensor, Flow Turbul. Combust, vol.62, pp.183-200, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00910373

K. Oberleithner, M. Sieber, C. N. Nayeri, C. O. Paschereit, C. Petz et al., Three-dimensional coherent structures in a swirling jet undergoing vortex breakdown: stability analysis and empirical mode construction, J. Fluid Mech, vol.679, pp.383-414, 2011.

M. Onorato, Drag Measurement Through Wake Analysis. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1984.

V. Parezanovic, J. Laurentie, C. Fourment, J. Delville, J. Bonnet et al., Mixing Layer Manipulation Experiment: From Open-Loop Forcing to Closed-Loop, Machine Learning Control. Flow Turbul. Combust, 2014.

D. J. Parkin, M. C. Thompson, and J. Sheridan, Numerical analysis of bluff body wakes under periodic open-loop control, J. Fluid Mech, vol.739, pp.94-123, 2014.

S. Parpais, . Sia, M. Pastoor, L. Henning, B. R. Noack et al., Feedback shear layer control for bluff body drag reduction, J. Fluid Mech, vol.608, pp.161-196, 2008.

A. Perry, G. Pavia, and M. Passmore, Influence of short rear end tapers on the wake of a simplified square-back vehicle: wake topology and rear drag, Exp. Fluids, vol.57, p.169, 2016.

S. B. Pope, Turbulent Flows. By S. B. POPE, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00712179

, hardback, J. Fluid Mech, vol.427, pp.410-411

S. B. Pope, Turbulent Flows. By S. B. POPE, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00712179

, hardback, J. Fluid Mech, vol.427, pp.410-411

J. L. Proctor, S. L. Brunton, and J. N. Kutz, Dynamic mode decomposition with control, 2014.

P. Sagaut, Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows: An Introduction, 2006.

J. Scheller, G. Jodin, K. J. Rizzo, E. Duhayon, J. Rouchon et al., A Combined Smart-Materials Approach for Next-Generation Airfoils. Solid State Phenom, Mechatronic Systems and Materials VII, vol.251, pp.106-112, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01347816

P. Schlatter and R. Örlü, Assessment of direct numerical simulation data of turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech, vol.659, pp.116-126, 2010.

P. J. Schmid, Dynamic mode decomposition of numerical and experimental data, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01020654

P. J. Schmid, Application of the dynamic mode decomposition to experimental data, Exp. Fluids, vol.50, pp.1123-1130, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01025583

E. E. Serre, M. Minguez, R. Pasquetti, E. Guilmineau, G. B. Deng et al., On simulating the turbulent flow around the Ahmed body: a French-German collaborative evaluation of LES and DES, Comput. Fluids, vol.78, pp.10-23, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101350

S. Shadmani, S. Mojtaba-mousavi-nainiyan, M. Mirzaei, R. Ghasemiasl, and S. Pouryoussefi, Experimental Investigation of Flow Control Over an Ahmed Body Using DBD Plasma Actuator, J. Appl. Fluid Mech, vol.11, pp.1267-1276, 2018.

F. Shakib, A new finite element formulation for computational fluid dynamics. X -The compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng, pp.141-219, 1991.

M. Sieber, K. Oberleithner, and C. O. Paschereit, Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition, J. Fluid Mech, vol.792, pp.798-828, 2016.

L. Sirovich, Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. I -Coherent structures. II -Symmetries and transformations. III -Dynamics and scaling, Q. Appl. Math. -QUART APPL MATH, vol.45, 1987.

A. J. Smits, B. J. Mckeon, and I. Marusic, High-Reynolds Number Wall Turbulence, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech, vol.43, pp.353-375, 2011.

P. G. Spazzini, G. Iuso, M. Onorato, N. Zurlo, and G. M. Di-cicca, Unsteady behavior of back-facing step flow, Exp. Fluids, vol.30, pp.551-561, 2001.

A. Spohn and P. Gilliéron, Flow separations generated by a simplified geometry of an automotive vehicle, 2002.

F. Stella, N. Mazellier, and A. Kourta, Scaling of separated shear layers: an investigation of mass entrainment, J. Fluid Mech, vol.826, pp.851-887, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01920121

A. Thacker, Contribution expérimentale à l'analyse stationnaire et instationnaire de l'écoulement à l'arrière d'un corps de faible allongement, 2010.

P. Theissen, Unsteady Vehicle Aerodynamics in Gusty Crosswind, Dr. Hut. Tissot, G, 2012.

J. Tu, Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Theory and Applications, 2013.

J. H. Tu, C. W. Rowley, D. M. Luchtenburg, S. L. Brunton, and J. N. Kutz, On Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Theory and Applications, J. Comput. Dyn, vol.1, pp.391-421, 2014.

E. Varon, Closed-loop control of separated flows using real-time PIV, 2017.

E. Varon, Y. Eulalie, S. Edwige, P. Gilotte, and J. Aider, The chaotic dynamics of large-scale structures in a turbulent wake, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol.2, 2017.

E. Varon, Y. Eulalie, S. Edwige, P. Gilotte, and J. Aider, Control of the chaotic dynamics of a turbulent 3D wake, 2017.

J. A. Vernet, R. Örlü, D. Söderblom, P. Elofsson, and P. H. Alfredsson, Plasma Streamwise Vortex Generators for Flow Separation Control on Trucks. Flow Turbul, 2018.

. Combust, , vol.100, pp.1101-1109

R. Volpe, P. Devinant, A. Kourta, F. Von-gosen, F. Ostermann et al., Experimental characterization of the unsteady natural wake of the full-scale square back Ahmed body: flow bi-stability and spectral analysis, 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, vol.56, p.99, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01186708

E. Wassen, S. Eichinger, and F. Thiele, Simulation of Active Drag Reduction for a Square-Back Vehicle, Active Flow Control II, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, pp.241-255, 2010.

D. Wieser, H. Schmidt, S. Müller, C. Strangfeld, C. Nayeri et al., Experimental Comparison of the Aerodynamic Behavior of Fastback and Notchback DrivAer Models, SAE Int. J. Passeng. Cars -Mech. Syst, vol.7, pp.682-691, 2014.

J. D. Wojciak, Quantitative Analysis of Vehicle Aerodynamics during Crosswind Gusts 142, 2012.

T. Wolf, Aerodynamic of the new Porsche Cayenne, 2018.

Z. Yuan, Z. Gu, Y. Wang, and X. Huang, Numerical investigation for the influence of the car underbody on aerodynamic force and flow structure evolution in crosswind, Adv. Mech. Eng, vol.10, p.1687814018797506, 2018.

J. Zaya, Aerodynamic Optimization of Ground Vehicles with the Use of Fluent's Adjoint Solver, 2013.

, Spatial distribution of the POD modes affecting the 0Hz static DMD component and correlated spectra obtained with the row vectors of the transfer matrix