B. Récemment, ont comparé deux techniques d'extraction de l'ARN spermatique RNeasy Mini kit, kit Qiagen versus thiocyanate de guanidinium -phénol-chloroforme. Ils n'ont trouvé aucune preuve que ces méthodes d'extraction affectent la stabilité, la quantité et la qualité de l'ARN, 2015.

É. Dans-notre, nous avons testé deux kits d'extraction (kit RNeasy plus Mini et kit vs 4,32 ng/10 6 spermatozoïdes respectivement)

, Revue de la littérature des étapes utilisées pour la préparation d'ARN, vol.41

, Revue de la littérature des étapes utilisées pour la préparation d'ARN spermatique dans le cadre de l'étude transcriptomique Revue de la littérature des étapes utilisées pour la préparation d'ARN

D. Ostermeier, Elle peut se faire à l'aide d'un microscope optique et/ou par biologie moléculaire, 2002.

D. Platts, USA) et sa qualité à l'aide d'un Bioanalyseur Agilent (Agilent Technologies, Certaines études ont évalué la quantité d'ARN à l'aide du Nanodrop (Nanodrop technologies, 2007.

S. Bianchi, Contrairement aux autres types de cellules, les spermatozoïdes sont dépourvus d'ARN ribosomique et par conséquent, ne contiennent pas les sous-unités ribosomiques 18S et 28S (Goodrich, 2013.

G. Ostermeier, Certaines études ont vérifié l'absence d'ADN génomique par PCR en utilisant les amorces PRM1 ou PRM2, 2005.

P. Lalancette, Après avoir confirmé l'élimination de l'ADN génomique, la qualité de l'ARN a parfois été évaluée par RT-PCR en utilisant les amorces PRM1 ou PRM2, 2007.

D. Ostermeier, De plus, pour des marqueurs spécifiques, la RT-PCR a également été réalisée pour vérifier l'absence d'ARN provenant de cellules somatiques, Pour le gène PRM1 ou PRM2, la RT-PCR était fréquemment utilisée pour vérifier que les échantillons d'ARN n'étaient pas dégradés, 2002.

S. Nguyen, H. Ali, D. Braekeleer, and M. , Review of the techniques and personal experience, Publications Article 1 : El Fekih, vol.4, 2017.

M. Nguyen, A. Perrin, D. Beauvillard, F. Morel, A. Saad et al., Sperm RNA preparation for transcriptomic analysis: Review of the techniques and personal experience, Andrologia, vol.49, 2017.

H. Perrin, A. Beauvillard, D. Morel, F. Saad, and A. , Ben Sperm RNA preparation for transcriptomic analysis

A. Agarwal and S. S. Allamaneni, Sperm DNA damage assessment: a test whose time has come, Fertil Steril, vol.84, issue.4, pp.850-853, 2005.

A. Agarwal, A. Majzoub, S. C. Esteves, E. Ko, R. Ramasamy et al., Clinical utility of sperm DNA fragmentation testing: practice recommendations based on clinical scenarios, Transl Androl Urol, vol.5, issue.6, pp.935-950, 2016.

A. Agarwal, K. Makker, and R. Sharma, Clinical relevance of oxidative stress in male factor infertility: an update, Am J Reprod Immunol, vol.59, issue.1, pp.2-11, 2008.

A. Agarwal and T. M. Said, Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility, Hum Reprod Update, vol.9, issue.4, pp.331-345, 2003.

C. Ainsworth, B. Nixon, and R. J. Aitken, Development of a novel electrophoretic system for the isolation of human spermatozoa, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.8, pp.2261-2270, 2005.

R. J. Aitken, G. N. De-iuliis, J. M. Finnie, A. Hedges, and R. I. Mclachlan, Analysis of the relationships between oxidative stress, DNA damage and sperm vitality in a patient population: development of diagnostic criteria, Hum Reprod, vol.25, issue.10, pp.2415-2426, 2010.

R. J. Aitken, E. Gordon, D. Harkiss, J. P. Twigg, P. Milne et al., Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa, Biol Reprod, vol.59, issue.5, pp.1037-1046, 1998.

R. J. Aitken and A. J. Koppers, Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa, Asian J Androl, vol.13, issue.1, pp.36-42, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/aja.2010.68
URL : http://www.asiaandro.com/news/upload/20130930-aja201068a.pdf

G. Aktan, S. Dogru-abbasoglu, C. Kucukgergin, A. Kadioglu, G. Ozdemirler-erata et al.,

. Kocak-toker, Mystery of idiopathic male infertility: is oxidative stress an actual risk?, Fertil Steril, vol.99, issue.5, pp.1211-1215, 2013.

A. Sedo, C. , M. Bilinski, D. Lorenzi, H. Uriondo et al., Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on embryo development: clinical and biological aspects, JBRA Assist Reprod, vol.21, issue.4, pp.343-350, 2017.

G. Anifandis, K. Dafopoulos, C. I. Messini, N. Polyzos, and I. E. Messinis, The BMI of men and not sperm parameters impact on embryo quality and the IVF outcome, Andrology, vol.1, issue.1, pp.85-89, 2013.

E. Anton, J. Blanco, J. Egozcue, and F. Vidal, Sperm FISH studies in seven male carriers of Robertsonian translocation t(13;14)(q10;q10), Hum Reprod, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1345-1351, 2004.

E. Anton, J. Blanco, J. Egozcue, and F. Vidal, Sperm FISH studies in seven male carriers of Robertsonian translocation t(13;14)(q10;q10), Human Reproduction, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1345-1351, 2004.

E. Anton, F. Vidal, and J. Blanco, Role of sperm FISH studies in the genetic reproductive advice of structural reorganization carriers, Human Reproduction, vol.22, issue.8, pp.2088-2092, 2007.

R. Asch, C. Simerly, T. Ord, V. A. Ord, and G. Schatten, The stages at which human fertilization arrests: microtubule and chromosome configurations in inseminated oocytes [268] which failed to complete fertilization and development in humans, MHR: Basic science of reproductive medicine, vol.1, issue.5, pp.239-248, 1995.

W. Asghar, V. Velasco, J. L. Kingsley, M. S. Shoukat, H. Shafiee et al., Selection of functional human sperm with higher DNA integrity and fewer reactive oxygen species, Adv Healthc Mater, vol.3, issue.10, pp.1671-1679, 2014.

F. Atig, A. Kerkeni, A. Saad, and M. Ajina, Effects of reduced seminal enzymatic antioxidants on sperm DNA fragmentation and semen quality of Tunisian infertile men, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.34, issue.3, pp.373-381, 2017.

J. Auger, F. Eustache, and G. David, Standardisation de la classification morphologique des spermatozoïdes humains selon la méthode de David modifiée, Andrologie, vol.10, issue.4, pp.358-373, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/bf03034491
URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03034491.pdf

J. Auger, M. Mesbah, C. Huber, and J. P. Dadoune, Aniline blue staining as a marker of sperm chromatin defects associated with different semen characteristics discriminates between proven fertile and suspected infertile men, Int J Androl, vol.13, issue.6, pp.452-462, 1990.

C. Avendano, A. Franchi, H. Duran, and S. Oehninger, DNA fragmentation of normal spermatozoa negatively impacts embryo quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome, Fertil Steril, vol.94, issue.2, pp.549-557, 2010.

C. Avendano, A. Franchi, E. Jones, and S. Oehninger, Pregnancy-specific {beta}-1-glycoprotein 1 and human leukocyte antigen-E mRNA in human sperm: differential expression in fertile and infertile men and evidence of a possible functional role during early development, Hum Reprod, vol.24, issue.2, pp.270-277, 2009.

C. Avendano, A. Franchi, S. Taylor, M. Morshedi, S. Bocca et al., Fragmentation of DNA in morphologically normal human spermatozoa, Fertil Steril, vol.91, issue.4, pp.1077-1084, 2009.

B. Baccetti, S. Capitani, G. Collodel, M. Estenoz, L. Gambera et al., Infertile spermatozoa in a human carrier of robertsonian translocation 14, Fertil Steril, vol.22, issue.5, pp.1127-1130, 2002.

C. Badouard, Y. Menezo, G. Panteix, J. L. Ravanat, T. Douki et al., Determination of new types of DNA lesions in human sperm, Zygote, vol.16, issue.1, pp.9-13, 2008.

H. W. Bakos, J. G. Thompson, D. Feil, and M. Lane, Sperm DNA damage is associated with assisted reproductive technology pregnancy, Int J Androl, vol.31, issue.5, pp.518-526, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00803.x
URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00803.x

R. Balhorn, L. Brewer, and M. Corzett, DNA condensation by protamine and arginine-rich peptides: analysis of toroid stability using single DNA molecules, Mol Reprod Dev, vol.56, issue.2, pp.230-234, 2000.

S. K. Bansal, N. Gupta, S. N. Sankhwar, and S. Rajender, Differential Genes Expression between Fertile and Infertile Spermatozoa Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis, PLoS ONE, vol.10, issue.5, p.127007, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0127007
URL : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127007&type=printable

P. Barlow, Y. Englert, F. Puissant, B. Lejeune, A. Delvigne et al.,

. Leroy, Fertilization failure in IVF: why and what next?, Hum Reprod, vol.5, issue.4, pp.451-456, 1990.

M. Barragan, A. Martinez, S. Llonch, A. Pujol, V. Vernaeve et al., Effect of ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolation methods on putative reference genes messenger RNA abundance in human spermatozoa, Andrology, vol.3, issue.4, pp.797-804, 2015.

C. L. Barratt, R. J. Aitken, L. Bjorndahl, D. T. Carrell, P. Boer et al.,

M. J. Perreault, L. Perry, B. Ramos, S. Robaire, A. Ward et al., Sperm DNA: organization, protection and vulnerability: from basic science to clinical applications--a position report, Hum Reprod, vol.25, issue.4, pp.824-838, 2010.

P. Barrière and M. Jean, Les différentes techniques d'assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), Revue Française des Laboratoires, pp.29-32, 1995.

A. Bartolacci, L. Pagliardini, S. Makieva, A. Salonia, E. Papaleo et al., Abnormal sperm concentration and motility as well as advanced paternal age compromise early embryonic development but not pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study of 1266 ICSI cycles, J Assist Reprod Genet, 2018.

B. Bartoov, A. Berkovitz, and F. Eltes, Selection of spermatozoa with normal nuclei to improve the pregnancy rate with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, N Engl J Med, vol.345, issue.14, pp.1067-1068, 2001.

B. Behr, J. D. Fisch, C. Racowsky, K. Miller, T. B. Pool et al., Blastocyst-ET and monozygotic twinning, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.17, issue.6, pp.349-351, 2000.

G. S. Bench, A. M. Friz, M. H. Corzett, D. H. Morse, and R. Balhorn, DNA and total protamine masses in individual sperm from fertile mammalian subjects, Cytometry, vol.23, issue.4, pp.263-271, 1996.

M. Benchaib, V. Braun, J. Lornage, S. Hadj, B. Salle et al., Sperm DNA fragmentation decreases the pregnancy rate in an assisted reproductive technique, Hum Reprod, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1023-1028, 2003.

S. Benedetti, M. C. Tagliamonte, S. Catalani, M. Primiterra, F. Canestrari et al., Differences in blood and semen oxidative status in fertile and infertile men, and their relationship with sperm quality, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.25, issue.3, pp.300-306, 2012.

B. Benzacken, F. D. Gavelle, B. Martin-pont, O. Dupuy, N. Lièvre et al., Familial sperm polyploidy induced by genetic spermatogenesis failure: Case report, Human Reproduction, vol.16, issue.12, pp.2646-2651, 2001.

T. S. Berteli, M. G. Da-broi, W. P. Martins, R. A. Ferriani, and P. A. Navarro, Magnetic-activated cell sorting before density gradient centrifugation improves recovery of high-quality spermatozoa, Andrology, vol.5, issue.4, pp.776-782, 2017.

S. Bhattacharya, M. P. Hamilton, M. Shaaban, Y. Khalaf, M. Seddler et al., Conventional in-vitro fertilisation versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of non-male-factor infertility: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, vol.357, issue.9274, pp.2075-2079, 2001.

E. Bianchi, A. Stermer, K. Boekelheide, M. Sigman, S. Hall et al.,

. Hwang, High-quality human and rat spermatozoal RNA isolation for functional genomic studies, Andrology, vol.6, issue.2, pp.374-383, 2018.

J. Blanco, J. Egozcue, and F. Vidal, Interchromosomal effects for chromosome 21 in carriers of structural chromosome reorganizations determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization on sperm nuclei, Hum Genet, vol.106, issue.5, pp.500-505, 2000.

J. Blanco, C. Rubio, C. Simon, J. Egozcue, and F. Vidal, Increased incidence of disomic sperm nuclei in a 47,XYY male assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Hum Genet, vol.99, issue.3, pp.413-416, 1997.

F. Boitrelle, F. Ferfouri, J. M. Petit, D. Segretain, C. Tourain et al., Large human sperm vacuoles observed in motile spermatozoa under high magnification: nuclear thumbprints linked to failure of chromatin condensation, Hum Reprod, vol.26, issue.7, pp.1650-1658, 2011.

S. Bonache, A. Mata, M. D. Ramos, L. Bassas, and S. Larriba, Sperm gene expression profile is related to pregnancy rate after insemination and is predictive of low fecundity in normozoospermic men, Hum Reprod, vol.27, issue.6, pp.1556-1567, 2012.

A. Borini, N. Tarozzi, D. Bizzaro, M. A. Bonu, L. Fava et al., Sperm DNA fragmentation: paternal effect on early post-implantation embryo development in ART, Hum Reprod, vol.21, issue.11, pp.2876-2881, 2006.

L. Boyer, A. Ravel, C. Boyer-medeville, and J. F. Viallet, Imagerie et bilan d'une infertilité masculine, Andrologie, vol.9, issue.3, pp.394-404, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/bf03034813
URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03034813.pdf

S. Brahem, K. Letaief, H. Ben-ali, A. Saad, and M. Mehdi, Efficacy of the density gradient centrifugation method in eliminating sperm with aneuploidy, Andrologia, vol.45, issue.3, pp.158-162, 2013.

S. Brahem, M. Mehdi, H. Elghezal, and A. Saad, Analysis of sperm aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation in patients with globozoospermia or with abnormal acrosomes, Urology, vol.77, issue.6, pp.1343-1348, 2011.

S. Brahem, M. Mehdi, H. Elghezal, and A. Saad, Detection of DNA fragmentation and meiotic segregation in human with isolated teratozoospermia, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.41-48, 2011.

S. Brahem, M. Mehdi, H. Elghezal, and A. Saad, Study of aneuploidy rate and sperm DNA fragmentation in large-headed, multiple-tailed spermatozoa, Andrologia, vol.44, issue.2, pp.130-135, 2012.

G. Breart and J. De-mouzon, AMP vigilance, Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, vol.8, issue.179, pp.1759-1764, 1995.

F. Brugnon, L. Janny, Y. Communal, C. Darcha, C. Szczepaniak et al., Apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm from Robertsonian translocation carrier patients, Hum Reprod, vol.25, issue.7, pp.1631-1642, 2010.

F. Brugnon, E. Van-assche, G. Verheyen, B. Sion, D. Boucher et al., Study of two markers of apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm of chromosomal translocation carrier patients, Hum Reprod, vol.21, issue.3, pp.685-693, 2006.

F. Brugnon, E. Van-assche, G. Verheyen, B. Sion, D. Boucher et al., Study of two markers of apoptosis and meiotic segregation in ejaculated sperm of chromosomal translocation carrier patients, Human Reproduction, vol.21, issue.3, pp.685-693, 2006.

S. Bucar, A. Goncalves, E. Rocha, A. Barros, M. Sousa et al., DNA fragmentation in human sperm after magnetic-activated cell sorting, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.32, issue.1, pp.147-154, 2015.

L. Bujan, M. Walschaerts, N. Moinard, S. Hennebicq, J. Saias et al., Impact of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for testicular germ cell tumors on spermatogenesis and sperm DNA: a multicenter prospective study from the CECOS network, Fertil Steril, vol.100, issue.3, pp.673-680, 2013.

N. Burrello, E. Vicari, P. Shin, A. Agarwal, A. Palma et al., Lower sperm aneuploidy frequency is associated with high pregnancy rates in ICSI programmes, Hum Reprod, vol.18, issue.7, pp.1371-1376, 2003.

Z. Cakar, B. Cetinkaya, D. Aras, B. Koca, S. Ozkavukcu et al., Does combining magnetic-activated cell sorting with density gradient or swim-up improve sperm selection?, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.33, issue.8, pp.1059-1065, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s10815-016-0742-0
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4974232?pdf=render

J. M. Campbell, M. Lane, J. A. Owens, and H. W. Bakos, Paternal obesity negatively affects male fertility and assisted reproduction outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.31, issue.5, pp.593-604, 2015.

H. Cappallo-obermann, W. Schulze, H. Jastrow, V. Baukloh, and A. N. Spiess, , 2011.

, /18S rRNA ratio and suggests impaired ribosome assembly, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.17, issue.11, pp.669-678

D. T. Carrell and L. Liu, Altered protamine 2 expression is uncommon in donors of known fertility, but common among men with poor fertilizing capacity, and may reflect other abnormalities of spermiogenesis, J Androl, vol.22, issue.4, pp.604-610, 2001.

D. T. Carrell, A. L. Wilcox, L. C. Udoff, C. Thorp, and B. Campbell, Chromosome 15 aneuploidy in the sperm and conceptus of a sibling with variable familial expression of round-headed sperm syndrome, Fertil Steril, vol.76, issue.6, pp.1258-1260, 2001.

N. G. Cassuto, D. Bouret, J. M. Plouchart, S. Jellad, P. Vanderzwalmen et al., A new real-time morphology classification for human spermatozoa: a link for fertilization and improved embryo quality, Fertil Steril, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1616-1625, 2009.

N. G. Cassuto, A. Hazout, J. L. Benifla, R. Balet, L. Larue et al., Decreasing birth defect in children by using high magnification selected spermatozoon injection, Fertility and Sterility, vol.96, issue.3, p.85, 2011.

S. Cayli, A. Jakab, L. Ovari, E. Delpiano, C. Celik-ozenci et al.,

. Huszar, Biochemical markers of sperm function: male fertility and sperm selection for ICSI, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.7, issue.4, pp.462-468, 2003.

P. J. Chan, J. D. Jacobson, J. U. Corselli, and W. C. Patton, A simple zeta method for sperm selection based on membrane charge, Fertil Steril, vol.85, issue.2, pp.481-486, 2006.

H. J. Chang, R. D. Clark, and H. Bachman, The phenotype of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: an analysis of 92 prenatally diagnosed cases, Am J Hum Genet, vol.46, issue.1, pp.156-167, 1990.

M. H. Chelli, F. Ferfouri, F. Boitrelle, M. Albert, D. Molina-gomes et al., High-magnification sperm selection does not decrease the aneuploidy rate in patients who are heterozygous for reciprocal translocations, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.30, issue.4, pp.525-530, 2013.

S. J. Chen, J. P. Allam, Y. G. Duan, and G. Haidl, Influence of reactive oxygen species on human sperm functions and fertilizing capacity including therapeutical approaches, Arch Gynecol Obstet, vol.288, issue.1, pp.191-199, 2013.

H. J. Chi, S. J. Kwak, S. G. Kim, Y. Y. Kim, J. Y. Park et al.,

K. H. Kim and . Lee, Efficient isolation of sperm with high DNA integrity and stable chromatin packaging by a combination of density-gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting, Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine, vol.43, issue.4, pp.199-206, 2016.

M. H. Chiang, N. Steuerwald, H. Lambert, E. K. Main, and A. Steinleitner, Detection of human leukocyte antigen class I messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in human spermatozoa via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Fertil Steril, vol.61, issue.2, pp.276-280, 1994.

T. Chinnasamy, J. L. Kingsley, F. Inci, P. J. Turek, M. P. Rosen et al., Guidance and Self-Sorting of Active Swimmers: 3D Periodic Arrays Increase Persistence Length of Human Sperm Selecting for the Fittest, Adv Sci (Weinh), vol.5, issue.2, p.1700531, 2018.

C. Cho and A. Agarwal, Role of sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: A systematic review, Arab Journal of Urology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.21-34, 2018.

C. Cho, H. Jung-ha, W. D. Willis, E. H. Goulding, P. Stein et al., Protamine 2 deficiency leads to sperm DNA damage and embryo death in mice, Biol Reprod, vol.69, issue.1, pp.211-217, 2003.
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod.102.015115
URL : https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article-pdf/69/1/211/10588363/biolreprod0211.pdf

K. R. Chohan, J. T. Griffin, M. Lafromboise, C. J. De-jonge, and D. T. Carrell, Comparison of chromatin assays for DNA fragmentation evaluation in human sperm, J Androl, vol.27, issue.1, pp.53-59, 2006.

H. Ciftci, A. Verit, M. Savas, E. Yeni, and O. Erel, Effects of N-acetylcysteine on semen parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status, Urology, vol.74, issue.1, pp.73-76, 2009.

Y. Clermont, The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in man, Am J Anat, vol.112, pp.35-51, 1963.

A. M. Codrington, B. F. Hales, and B. Robaire, Exposure of male rats to cyclophosphamide alters the chromatin structure and basic proteome in spermatozoa, Hum Reprod, vol.22, issue.5, pp.1431-1442, 2007.

L. T. Colombero, M. Moomjy, E. S. Sills, Z. Rosenwaks, and G. D. Palermo, The role of structural integrity of the fertilising spermatozoon in early human embryogenesis, Zygote, vol.7, issue.2, pp.157-163, 1999.

C. Combelles, Unique patient issues: early interventions and management, Semin Reprod Med, vol.30, issue.3, pp.243-252, 2012.

C. M. Combelles, K. Morozumi, R. Yanagimachi, L. Zhu, J. H. Fox et al., Diagnosing cellular defects in an unexplained case of total fertilization failure, Human Reproduction, vol.25, issue.7, pp.1666-1671, 2010.

S. Coskun, J. Hollanders, S. Al-hassan, H. Al-sufyan, H. Al-mayman et al., , 2000.

, Day 5 versus day 3 embryo transfer: a controlled randomized trial, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.9, pp.1947-1952

J. L. Courtens and M. Loir, Ultrastructural detection of basic nucleoproteins: alcoholic phosphotungstic acid does not bind to arginine residues, J Ultrastruct Res, vol.74, issue.3, pp.322-326, 1981.

G. Curti, F. Skowronek, R. Vernochi, A. L. Rodriguez-buzzi, J. C. Rodriguez-buzzi et al., Morphological evaluation of sperm from infertile men selected by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), Reprod Biol, vol.14, issue.4, pp.289-292, 2014.

J. C. Czyba and A. Montella, Biologie de la reproduction humaine, Sauramps médical, 1993.

J. P. Dadoune, Spermatozoal RNAs: what about their functions?, Microsc Res Tech, vol.72, issue.8, pp.536-551, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/jemt.20697

J. P. Dadoune, M. J. Mayaux, and M. L. Guihard-moscato, Correlation between defects in chromatin condensation of human spermatozoa stained by aniline blue and semen characteristics, Andrologia, vol.20, issue.3, pp.211-217, 1988.

J. P. Dadoune, A. Pawlak, M. F. Alfonsi, and J. P. Siffroi, Identification of transcripts by macroarrays, RT-PCR and in situ hybridization in human ejaculate spermatozoa, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.11, issue.2, pp.133-140, 2005.

J. P. Dadoune, J. P. Siffroi, and M. F. Alfonsi, Transcription in haploid male germ cells, Int Rev Cytol, vol.237, pp.1-56, 2004.

B. Daris, A. Goropevsek, N. Hojnik, and V. Vlaisavljevic, Sperm morphological abnormalities as indicators of DNA fragmentation and fertilization in ICSI, Arch Gynecol Obstet, vol.281, issue.2, pp.363-367, 2010.

Z. Darzynkiewicz, F. Traganos, T. Sharpless, and M. R. Melamed, Thermal denaturation of DNA in situ as studied by acridine orange staining and automated cytofluorometry, Exp Cell Res, vol.90, issue.2, pp.411-428, 1975.

M. De-braekeleer and T. N. Dao, Cytogenetic studies in human spontaneous abortions, Assisted Human Reproductive Technology, pp.41-45, 1991.

M. De-braekeleer and T. N. Dao, Cytogenetic studies in male infertility: a review, Hum Reprod, vol.6, issue.2, pp.245-250, 1991.

M. De-braekeleer, A. Perrin, and F. Morel, Chromosomal abnormalities in male infertility, Cytogenetics and Infertility, vol.2, pp.27-52, 2006.

E. De-lamirande and C. O'flaherty, Sperm activation: role of reactive oxygen species and kinases, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.1784, pp.106-115, 2008.

C. De-vantéry-arrighi, H. Lucas, D. Chardonnens, and A. De-agostini, Removal of spermatozoa with externalized phosphatidylserine from sperm preparation in human assisted medical procreation: effects on viability, motility and mitochondrial membrane potential, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, vol.7, issue.1, p.1, 2009.

T. Degheidy, H. Abdelfattah, A. Seif, F. K. Albuz, S. Gazi et al., Magnetic activated cell sorting: an effective method for reduction of sperm DNA fragmentation in varicocele men prior to assisted reproductive techniques, Andrologia, vol.47, issue.8, pp.892-896, 2015.

G. Delbes, M. B. Herrero, E. T. Troeung, and P. T. Chan, , 2013.

N. Desai, J. Ludgin, R. Sharma, R. K. Anirudh, and A. Agarwal, Female and Male Gametogenesis. Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery: A Practical Guide, pp.19-45, 2017.

M. Dickson, D. M. Adedia, and D. A. Abaye, The Influence of Advanced Paternal Age on Sperm Chromatin Integrity and Early Embryo Morphological Development during ICSI, Advances in Reproductive Sciences, vol.06, issue.02, pp.35-49, 2018.

E. K. Dirican, O. D. Ozgun, S. Akarsu, K. O. Akin, O. Ercan et al., Clinical outcome of magnetic activated cell sorting of non-apoptotic spermatozoa before density gradient centrifugation for assisted reproduction, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.25, issue.8, pp.375-381, 2008.

D. J. Dix, J. W. Allen, B. W. Collins, P. Poorman-allen, C. Mori et al., HSP70-2 is required for desynapsis of synaptonemal complexes during meiotic prophase in juvenile and adult mouse spermatocytes, Development, vol.124, issue.22, pp.4595-4603, 1997.

G. H. Dixon, J. M. Aiken, J. M. Jankowski, D. I. Mckenzie, R. Moir et al., Organization and Evolution of the Protamine Genes of Salmonid Fishes. Chromosomal Proteins and Gene Expression, pp.287-314, 1985.

I. Donkin, S. Versteyhe, L. R. Ingerslev, K. Qian, M. Mechta et al.,

N. Appel, V. B. Jorgensen, T. Kristiansen, C. T. Hansen, and . Workman, J. R. Zierath and R

. Barres, Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Drive Epigenetic Variation of Spermatozoa in Humans, Cell Metab, vol.23, issue.2, pp.369-378, 2016.

N. Douet-guilbert, M. J. Le-bris, V. Amice, C. Marchetti, B. Delobel et al., Interchromosomal effect in sperm of males with translocations: report of 6 cases and review of the literature, Int J Androl, vol.28, issue.6, pp.372-379, 2005.

S. Egozcue, J. Blanco, J. M. Vendrell, F. Garcia, A. Veiga et al., Human male infertility: chromosome anomalies, meiotic disorders, abnormal spermatozoa and recurrent abortion, Hum Reprod Update, vol.6, issue.1, pp.93-105, 2000.

M. Esbert, A. Godo, S. R. Soares, M. Florensa, D. Amoros et al., Spermatozoa with numerical chromosomal abnormalities are more prone to be retained by Annexin V-MACS columns, Andrology, vol.5, issue.4, pp.807-813, 2017.

M. Esbert, A. Pacheco, F. Vidal, M. Florensa, M. Riqueros et al., Impact of sperm DNA fragmentation on the outcome of IVF with own or donated oocytes, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.23, issue.6, pp.704-710, 2011.

T. Escudero, M. Lee, D. Carrel, J. Blanco, and S. Munne, Analysis of chromosome abnormalities in sperm and embryos from two 45,XY,t(13;14)(q10;q10) carriers, Prenat Diagn, vol.20, issue.7, pp.599-602, 2000.

N. Esfandiari, M. H. Javed, L. Gotlieb, and R. F. Casper, Complete failed fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection--analysis of 10 years' data, Int J Fertil Womens Med, vol.50, issue.4, pp.187-192, 2005.

A. Estop, S. Munne, K. Cieply, K. Vandermark, and A. Lamb, Meiotic products of a Klinefelter 47,XXY male as determined by sperm fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis, Human Reproduction, vol.13, pp.124-127, 1998.

A. M. Estop, K. M. Cieply, and C. E. Aston, The meiotic segregation pattern of a reciprocal translocation t(10;12)(q26.1;p13.3) by fluorescence in situ hybridization sperm analysis, Eur J Hum Genet, vol.5, issue.2, pp.78-82, 1997.

D. P. Evenson, Z. Darzynkiewicz, and M. R. Melamed, Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility, Science, vol.210, issue.4474, pp.1131-1133, 1980.

D. P. Evenson, L. K. Jost, D. Marshall, M. J. Zinaman, E. Clegg et al., Utility of the sperm chromatin structure assay as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the human fertility clinic, Hum Reprod, vol.14, issue.4, pp.1039-1049, 1999.

C. Faure, C. Dupont, N. Sermondade, and R. Lévy, Antioxydants et infertilité masculine, Médecine de la Reproduction, vol.13, issue.4, pp.275-283, 2011.

A. Favier, Ann Pharm Fr, vol.64, issue.6, pp.390-396, 2006.

M. A. Ferguson-smith, B. Lennox, W. S. Mack, and J. S. Stewart, Klinefelter's syndrome; frequency and testicular morphology in relation to nuclear sex, Lancet, vol.273, issue.6987, pp.167-169, 1957.

A. Ferlin, A. Garolla, and C. Foresta, Chromosome abnormalities in sperm of individuals with constitutional sex chromosomal abnormalities, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.111, issue.3-4, pp.310-316, 2005.

A. Ferlin, F. Raicu, V. Gatta, D. Zuccarello, G. Palka et al., Male infertility: role of genetic background, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.14, issue.6, pp.734-745, 2007.

R. Fernandez-gonzalez, P. N. Moreira, M. Perez-crespo, M. Sanchez-martin, M. A. Ramirez et al., Long-term effects of mouse intracytoplasmic sperm injection with DNA-fragmented sperm on health and behavior of adult offspring, Biol Reprod, vol.78, issue.4, pp.761-772, 2008.

J. L. Fernandez, L. Muriel, V. Goyanes, E. Segrelles, J. Gosalvez et al., Simple determination of human sperm DNA fragmentation with an improved sperm chromatin dispersion test, Fertil Steril, vol.84, issue.4, p.833, 2005.

R. C. Ferreira, D. P. Braga, T. C. Bonetti, F. F. Pasqualotto, A. Iaconelli et al., Negative influence of paternal age on clinical intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle outcomes in oligozoospermic patients, Fertil Steril, vol.93, issue.6, pp.1870-1874, 2010.

S. Fishel, I. Aslam, F. Lisi, L. Rinaldi, J. Timson et al., Should ICSI be the treatment of choice for all cases of in-vitro conception?, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1278-1283, 2000.

S. P. Flaherty, D. Payne, and C. D. Matthews, Fertilization failures and abnormal fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Hum Reprod, vol.13, pp.155-164, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/13.suppl_1.155
URL : https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-pdf/13/suppl_1/155/2362954/13-suppl_1-155.pdf

R. Flannigan and P. N. Schlegel, Genetic diagnostics of male infertility in clinical practice, Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, vol.44, pp.26-37, 2017.

C. Foresta, A. Garolla, L. Bartoloni, A. Bettella, and A. Ferlin, Genetic abnormalities among severely oligospermic men who are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.90, issue.1, pp.152-156, 2005.

C. Foresta, E. Moro, and A. Ferlin, Y chromosome microdeletions and alterations of spermatogenesis, Endocr Rev, vol.22, issue.2, pp.226-239, 2001.

S. Francavilla, N. P.-d'abrizio, G. Rucci, G. Silvano, E. Properzi et al., Fas and Fas ligand expression in fetal and adult human testis with normal or deranged spermatogenesis, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.85, issue.8, pp.2692-2700, 2000.

H. L. Franco, D. Dai, K. Y. Lee, C. A. Rubel, D. Roop et al., WNT4 is a key regulator of normal postnatal uterine development and progesterone signaling during embryo implantation and decidualization in the mouse, Faseb j, vol.25, issue.4, pp.1176-1187, 2011.

C. Frapsauce, C. Pionneau, J. Bouley, V. De-larouzière, I. Berthaut et al., Infertilité masculine chez les patients [277] normospermiques : analyse protéomique des spermes normaux non fécondants en fécondation in vitro classique, Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité, vol.37, issue.10, pp.796-802, 2009.

J. L. Frattarelli, K. A. Miller, B. T. Miller, K. Elkind-hirsch, R. T. Scott et al., Male age negatively impacts embryo development and reproductive outcome in donor oocyte assisted reproductive technology cycles, Fertility and Sterility, vol.90, issue.1, pp.97-103, 2008.

D. B. French, E. S. Sabanegh, J. Goldfarb, and N. Desai, Does severe teratozoospermia affect blastocyst formation, live birth rate, and other clinical outcome parameters in ICSI cycles?, Fertil Steril, vol.93, issue.4, pp.1097-1103, 2010.

N. Frydman, N. Prisant, L. Hesters, R. Frydman, G. Tachdjian et al., Adequate ovarian follicular status does not prevent the decrease in pregnancy rates associated with high sperm DNA fragmentation, Fertil Steril, vol.89, issue.1, pp.92-97, 2008.

A. Gabrielsen, K. Petersen, A. L. Mikkelsen, and S. Lindenberg, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection does not overcome an oocyte defect in previous fertilization failure with conventional in-vitro fertilization and normal spermatozoa, Hum Reprod, vol.11, issue.9, pp.1963-1965, 1996.

L. Gandini, F. Lombardo, D. Paoli, L. Caponecchia, G. Familiari et al., Study of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.4, pp.830-839, 2000.

K. Gapp, A. Jawaid, P. Sarkies, J. Bohacek, P. Pelczar et al.,

M. Mansuy, Implication of sperm RNAs in transgenerational inheritance of the effects of early trauma in mice, Nat Neurosci, vol.17, issue.5, pp.667-669, 2014.

S. Garcia-herrero, N. Garrido, J. A. Martinez-conejero, J. Remohi, A. Pellicer et al.,

. Meseguer, Ontological evaluation of transcriptional differences between sperm of infertile males and fertile donors using microarray analysis, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.27, issue.2-3, pp.111-120, 2010.

S. Garcia-herrero, N. Garrido, J. A. Martinez-conejero, J. Remohi, A. Pellicer et al.,

. Meseguer, Differential transcriptomic profile in spermatozoa achieving pregnancy or not via ICSI, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.22, issue.1, pp.25-36, 2011.

S. Garcia-herrero, M. Meseguer, J. A. Martinez-conejero, J. Remohi, A. Pellicer et al.,

. Garrido, The transcriptome of spermatozoa used in homologous intrauterine insemination varies considerably between samples that achieve pregnancy and those that do not, Fertil Steril, vol.94, issue.4, pp.1360-1373, 2010.

A. Garcia-peiro, J. Martinez-heredia, M. Oliver-bonet, C. Abad, M. J. Amengual et al., , 2011.

D. K. Gardner, M. Lane, J. Stevens, T. Schlenker, and W. B. Schoolcraft, Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer, Fertil Steril, vol.73, issue.6, pp.1155-1158, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00518-5

R. Gardner and G. Sutherland, Chromosome abnormalities and genetic counselling, 2004.

A. Garolla, D. Fortini, M. Menegazzo, L. De-toni, V. Nicoletti et al., High-power microscopy for selecting spermatozoa for ICSI by physiological status, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.17, issue.5, pp.610-616, 2008.

N. Garrido, S. Garcia-herrero, and M. Meseguer, Assessment of sperm using mRNA microarray technology, Fertil Steril, vol.99, issue.4, pp.1008-1022, 2013.

S. Gasca, F. Pellestor, S. Assou, V. Loup, T. Anahory et al., Identifying new human oocyte marker genes: a microarray approach, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.14, issue.2, pp.175-183, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00131300

S. Gasca, L. Reyftmann, F. Pellestor, T. Reme, S. Assou et al., Total fertilization failure and molecular abnormalities in metaphase II oocytes, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.17, issue.6, pp.772-781, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00358936

J. M. Gatewood, G. R. Cook, R. Balhorn, E. M. Bradbury, and C. W. Schmid, Sequence-specific packaging of DNA in human sperm chromatin, Science, vol.236, issue.4804, p.962, 1987.

I. Georgiou, M. Syrrou, N. Pardalidis, K. Karakitsios, T. Mantzavinos et al., Genetic and epigenetic risks of intracytoplasmic sperm injection method, Asian J Androl, vol.8, issue.6, pp.643-673, 2006.

R. Geremia, A. Agostino, and V. Monesi, Biochemical evidence of haploid gene activity in spermatogenesis of the mouse, Experimental Cell Research, vol.111, issue.1, pp.23-30, 1978.

P. Gharagozloo and R. J. Aitken, The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy, Hum Reprod, vol.26, issue.7, pp.1628-1640, 2011.

L. Gianaroli, M. C. Magli, A. P. Ferraretti, A. Crippa, M. Lappi et al., Birefringence characteristics in sperm heads allow for the selection of reacted spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Fertil Steril, vol.93, issue.3, pp.807-813, 2010.

H. J. Glander and J. Schaller, Hidden effects of cryopreservation on quality of human spermatozoa, Cell and tissue banking, vol.1, issue.2, pp.133-142, 2000.

H. J. Glander, J. Schiller, R. Suss, U. Paasch, S. Grunewald et al., , 2002.

G. Pabuccu, E. , G. Caglar, O. Dogus-demirkiran, and R. Pabuccu, Uncommon but devastating event: total fertilisation failure following intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Andrologia, vol.48, issue.2, pp.164-170, 2016.

C. Gonzalez-marin, J. Gosalvez, and R. Roy, Types, causes, detection and repair of DNA fragmentation in animal and human sperm cells, Int J Mol Sci, vol.13, issue.11, pp.14026-14052, 2012.

R. Goodrich, G. Johnson, and S. A. Krawetz, The preparation of human spermatozoal RNA for clinical analysis, Arch Androl, vol.53, issue.3, pp.161-167, 2007.

R. J. Goodrich, E. Anton, and S. A. Krawetz, Isolating mRNA and small noncoding RNAs from human sperm, Methods Mol Biol, vol.927, pp.385-396, 2013.

J. Govin, C. Caron, C. Lestrat, S. Rousseaux, and S. Khochbin, The role of histones in chromatin remodelling during mammalian spermiogenesis, Eur J Biochem, vol.271, issue.17, pp.3459-3469, 2004.

V. Grandjean, P. Gounon, N. Wagner, L. Martin, K. D. Wagner et al., The miR-124-Sox9 paramutation: RNA-mediated epigenetic control of embryonic and adult growth, Development, vol.136, issue.21, pp.3647-3655, 2009.

E. Greco, S. Romano, M. Iacobelli, S. Ferrero, E. Baroni et al., ICSI in cases of sperm DNA damage: beneficial effect of oral antioxidant treatment, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.9, pp.2590-2594, 2005.

S. Grunewald, U. Paasch, and H. J. Glander, Enrichment of non-apoptotic human spermatozoa after cryopreservation by immunomagnetic cell sorting, Cell Tissue Bank, vol.2, issue.3, pp.127-133, 2001.

S. Grunewald, U. Paasch, H. J. Glander, and U. Anderegg, Mature human spermatozoa do not transcribe novel RNA, Andrologia, vol.37, issue.2-3, pp.69-71, 2005.

S. Grunewald, M. Reinhardt, V. Blumenauer, T. M. Said, A. Agarwal et al., Increased sperm chromatin decondensation in selected nonapoptotic spermatozoa of patients with male infertility, Fertility and Sterility, vol.92, issue.2, pp.572-577, 2009.

M. Grunstein, Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription, Nature, vol.389, p.349, 1997.

J. F. Guérin, Chapitre8 -La spermatogenèse, Infertilité. R. Frydman, pp.59-64, 2016.

S. Gunes, M. Al-sadaan, and A. Agarwal, Spermatogenesis, DNA damage and DNA repair mechanisms in male infertility, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.31, issue.3, pp.309-319, 2015.

S. Gunes and S. Sertyel, A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin Damage, 2018.

. Springer, , pp.321-346

Y. Gur and H. Breitbart, Mammalian sperm translate nuclear-encoded proteins by mitochondrial-type ribosomes, Genes Dev, vol.20, issue.4, pp.411-416, 2006.

M. Guttenbach, H. Michelmann, B. Hinney, W. Engel, and M. Schmid, Segregation of sex chromosomes into sperm nuclei in a man with 47,XXY Klinefelter's Karyotype: a FISH analysis, Human Genetics, vol.99, pp.474-477, 1997.

S. Hamamah, L. Corcia, F. Entezami, and G. E. Wiey, Techniques d'AMP et leurs indications dans l'hypofertilité masculine, Andrologie, vol.10, issue.3, pp.279-283, 2000.

T. Hamatani, Human spermatozoal RNAs, Fertility and Sterility, vol.97, issue.2, pp.275-281, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.12.035

T. Hamatani, G. Falco, M. G. Carter, H. Akutsu, C. A. Stagg et al., Age-associated alteration of gene expression patterns in mouse oocytes, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.13, pp.2263-2278, 2004.

M. E. Hammadeh, M. Stieber, G. Haidl, and W. Schmidt, Association between sperm cell chromatin condensation, morphology based on strict criteria, and fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rates in an IVF program, Andrologia, vol.30, issue.1, pp.29-35, 1998.

S. S. Hammoud, D. A. Nix, H. Zhang, J. Purwar, D. T. Carrell et al., Distinctive Chromatin in Human Sperm Packages Genes for Embryo Development, Nature, vol.460, issue.7254, pp.473-478, 2009.

T. Hassold, M. Abruzzo, K. Adkins, D. Griffin, M. Merrill et al., Human aneuploidy: incidence, origin, and etiology, Environ Mol Mutagen, vol.28, issue.3, pp.167-175, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1996)28:3<167::aid-em2>3.3.co;2-v

S. Hatirnaz and M. K. Pektas, Day 3 embryo transfer versus day 5 blastocyst transfers: A prospective randomized controlled trial, Turk J Obstet Gynecol, vol.14, issue.2, pp.82-88, 2017.

S. Hayashi, J. Yang, L. Christenson, R. Yanagimachi, and N. B. Hecht, Mouse preimplantation embryos developed from oocytes injected with round spermatids or spermatozoa have similar but distinct patterns of early messenger RNA expression, Biol Reprod, vol.69, issue.4, pp.1170-1176, 2003.

D. L. Healy, A. O. Trounson, and A. N. Andersen, Female infertility: causes and treatment, Lancet, vol.343, issue.8912, pp.1539-1544, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92941-6

F. Hecht and B. Hecht, Aneuploidy in humans: dimensions, demography and dangers of abnormal number of chromosomes, Aneuploidy. Part A: incidence and etiology. Alan R. Liss, pp.9-49, 1987.

B. Heindryckx, J. Van-der-elst, P. D. Sutter, and M. Dhont, Treatment option for sperm-or oocyte-related fertilization failure: assisted oocyte activation following diagnostic heterologous ICSI, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.8, pp.2237-2241, 2005.

R. Henkel, Sperm preparation: state-of-the-art-physiological aspects and application of advanced sperm preparation methods, Asian Journal of Andrology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.260-269, 2012.

M. Herrero, G. Delbes, E. Troueng, H. Holzer, and P. Chan, Differential enrichment of sperm with no DNA strand breaks using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) in men with various categories of semen parameters, 28th Annual Meeting of the European Society on Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), vol.27, pp.121-150, 2012.

M. B. Herrero, G. Delbes, J. T. Chung, W. Y. Son, H. Holzer et al., Case report: the use of annexin V coupled with magnetic activated cell sorting in cryopreserved spermatozoa from a male cancer survivor: healthy twin newborns after two previous ICSI failures, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.30, issue.11, pp.1415-1419, 2013.

E. Heytens, J. Parrington, K. Coward, C. Young, S. Lambrecht et al.,

D. Deforce, L. Leybaert, and P. Sutter, Reduced amounts and abnormal forms of phospholipase C zeta (PLC?) in spermatozoa from infertile men, Human Reproduction, vol.24, issue.10, pp.2417-2428, 2009.

R. Hichri, H. Amor, M. Khammari, M. Harzallah, S. E. Fekih et al., Apoptotic sperm biomarkers and the correlation between conventional sperm parameters and clinical characteristics, Andrologia, vol.50, issue.1, 2018.

V. Holschbach, J. Weigert, J. E. Dietrich, S. Roesner, M. Montag et al., Pregnancy rates of day 4 and day 5 embryos after culture in an integrated time-lapse incubator, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, vol.15, p.37, 2017.

C. F. Hoogendijk, T. F. Kruger, P. J. Bouic, and R. R. Henkel, A novel approach for the selection of human sperm using annexin V-binding and flow cytometry, Fertil Steril, vol.91, issue.4, pp.1285-1292, 2009.

E. Hook, Aneuploidy: etiology and mechanism, pp.7-33, 1985.

C. Huckins, The morphology and kinetics of spermatogonial degeneration in normal adult rats: an analysis using a simplified classification of the germinal epithelium, Anat Rec, vol.190, issue.4, pp.905-926, 1978.

G. Huszar, C. C. Ozenci, S. Cayli, Z. Zavaczki, E. Hansch et al., Hyaluronic acid binding by human sperm indicates cellular maturity, viability, and unreacted acrosomal status, Fertil Steril, vol.79, pp.1616-1624, 2003.

M. C. Inhorn and P. Patrizio, Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century, Hum Reprod Update, vol.21, issue.4, pp.411-426, 2015.

S. A. Ishijima, M. Okuno, and H. Mohri, Zeta potential of human X-and Y-bearing sperm, International Journal of Andrology, vol.14, issue.5, pp.340-347, 1991.

P. A. Jacobs, M. Brunton, M. M. Melville, R. P. Brittain, and W. F. Mcclemont, Aggressive Behaviour, Mental Sub-normality and the XYY Male, Nature, vol.208, p.1351, 1965.

P. A. Jacobs and J. A. Strong, A case of human intersexuality having a possible XXY sex-determining mechanism, Nature, vol.183, issue.4657, pp.302-303, 1959.

A. Jakab, D. Sakkas, E. Delpiano, S. Cayli, E. Kovanci et al., Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a novel selection method for sperm with normal frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies, Fertil Steril, vol.84, issue.6, pp.1665-1673, 2005.

P. Jedrzejczak, B. Kempisty, A. Bryja, M. Mostowska, M. Depa-martynow et al., Quantitative Assessment of Transition Proteins 1, 2 SpermatidSpecific Linker Histone H1-Like Protein Transcripts in Spermatozoa from Normozoospermic and Asthenozoospermic Men, Archives of Andrology, vol.53, issue.4, pp.199-205, 2007.

N. R. Jena, DNA damage by reactive species: Mechanisms, mutation and repair, J Biosci, vol.37, issue.3, pp.503-517, 2012.

M. Jin, Y. Yu, and H. Huang, An update on primary ovarian insufficiency, Sci China Life Sci, vol.55, issue.8, pp.677-686, 2012.

M. Jodar, S. Kalko, J. Castillo, J. L. Ballesca, and R. Oliva, Differential RNAs in the sperm cells of asthenozoospermic patients, Hum Reprod, vol.27, issue.5, pp.1431-1438, 2012.

M. Jodar, S. Selvaraju, E. Sendler, M. P. Diamond, and S. A. Krawetz, The presence, role and clinical use of spermatozoal RNAs, Hum Reprod Update, vol.19, issue.6, pp.604-624, 2013.

G. D. Johnson, E. Sendler, C. Lalancette, R. Hauser, M. P. Diamond et al., Cleavage of rRNA ensures translational cessation in sperm at fertilization, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.17, issue.12, pp.721-726, 2011.

I. Kahyaoglu, B. Demir, A. Turkkan?, O. C?nar, S. Dilbaz et al.,

. Mollamahmutoglu, Total fertilization failure: is it the end of the story?, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol.31, issue.9, pp.1155-1160, 2014.

J. Kashir, B. Heindryckx, C. Jones, P. Sutter, J. Parrington et al., Oocyte activation, phospholipase C zeta and human infertility, Human Reproduction Update, vol.16, issue.6, pp.690-703, 2010.

B. R. Keegan, S. Barton, X. Sanchez, A. S. Berkeley, L. C. Krey et al., Isolated teratozoospermia does not affect in vitro fertilization outcome and is not an indication for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Fertil Steril, vol.88, issue.6, pp.1583-1588, 2007.

B. A. Keel, J. V. May, C. J. Jonge, ;. , M. Depa-martynow et al., Evaluation of protamines 1 and 2 transcript contents in spermatozoa from asthenozoospermic men, Folia histochemica et cytobiologica, vol.45, pp.109-113, 2000.

L. Keskes-ammar, N. Feki-chakroun, T. Rebai, Z. Sahnoun, H. Ghozzi et al., Sperm oxidative stress and the effect of an oral vitamin E and selenium supplement on semen quality in infertile men, Arch Androl, vol.49, issue.2, pp.83-94, 2003.

D. A. Khallouk, M. Tazi, M. Fassi, and M. Farih, Infertilite_masculine physiopathologie bilan et prise en charge, Urologie, vol.170, pp.421-429, 2010.

S. W. Kim, B. C. Jee, S. K. Kim, and S. H. Kim, Sperm DNA fragmentation and sex chromosome aneuploidy after swim-up versus density gradient centrifugation, Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine, vol.44, issue.4, pp.201-206, 2017.
DOI : 10.5653/cerm.2017.44.4.201
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783917

D. R. Kinzer, C. B. Barrett, and R. D. Powers, Prognosis for clinical pregnancy and delivery after total fertilization failure during conventional in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Fertil Steril, vol.90, issue.2, pp.284-288, 2008.

B. Kjessler, Karyotype, meiosis and spermatogenesis in a sample of men attending an infertility clinic, Monogr Hum Genet, vol.2, pp.1-93, 1966.

M. Klaude, S. Eriksson, J. Nygren, and G. Ahnstrom, The comet assay: mechanisms and technical considerations, Mutat Res, vol.363, issue.2, pp.89-96, 1996.

C. B. Klee, Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-(and membrane-) binding proteins, Biochemistry, vol.27, issue.18, pp.6645-6653, 1988.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00418a001

K. C. Kleene, Patterns, mechanisms, and functions of translation regulation in mammalian spermatogenic cells, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.103, issue.3-4, pp.217-224, 2003.

M. Kong, E. S. Diaz, and P. Morales, Participation of the human sperm proteasome in the capacitation process and its regulation by protein kinase A and tyrosine kinase, Biol Reprod, vol.80, issue.5, pp.1026-1035, 2009.

C. Korkmaz, Y. B. Tekin, M. Sakinci, and C. M. Ercan, Effects of maternal ageing on ICSI outcomes and embryo development in relation to oocytes morphological characteristics of birefringent structures, Zygote, vol.23, issue.4, pp.550-555, 2015.

N. S. Kosower, H. Katayose, and R. Yanagimachi, Thiol-disulfide status and acridine orange fluorescence of mammalian sperm nuclei, J Androl, vol.13, issue.4, pp.342-348, 1992.

S. Kothari, A. Thompson, A. Agarwal, and S. S. Du-plessis, Free radicals: their beneficial and detrimental effects on sperm function, Indian J Exp Biol, vol.48, issue.5, pp.425-435, 2010.

J. A. Kramer and S. A. Krawetz, RNA in spermatozoa: implications for the alternative haploid genome, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.3, issue.6, pp.473-478, 1997.

S. A. Krawetz, Paternal contribution: new insights and future challenges, Nat Rev Genet, vol.6, issue.8, pp.633-642, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg1654

S. A. Krawetz, A. Kruger, C. Lalancette, R. Tagett, E. Anton et al., A survey of small RNAs in human sperm, Hum Reprod, vol.26, issue.12, pp.3401-3412, 2011.

S. A. Krawetz, A. Kruger, C. Lalancette, R. Tagett, E. Anton et al., A survey of small RNAs in human sperm, Human Reproduction, vol.26, issue.12, pp.3401-3412, 2011.

M. Krog, M. Prior, E. Carlsen, A. Loft, J. Forman et al., Fertilization failure after IVF in 304 couples--a case-control study on predictors and longterm prognosis, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, vol.184, pp.32-37, 2015.

G. Kumar, D. Patel, and R. K. Naz, c-MYC mRNA is present in human sperm cells, Cell Mol Biol Res, vol.39, issue.2, pp.111-117, 1993.

R. M. Laberge and G. Boissonneault, On the nature and origin of DNA strand breaks in elongating spermatids, Biol Reprod, vol.73, issue.2, pp.289-296, 2005.

C. Lalancette, A. E. Platts, G. D. Johnson, B. R. Emery, D. T. Carrell et al., Identification of human sperm transcripts as candidate markers of male fertility, J Mol Med (Berl), vol.87, issue.7, pp.735-748, 2009.

A. Le-du, M. Lelorc&apos;h, N. Frydman, M. Benkhalifa, S. Romana et al., Apoptose et ségrégation méiotique dans les spermatozoïdes d'hommes porteurs de translocations, Génétique et infertilité, vol.14, pp.186-192, 2004.

J. Lee, J. H. Richburg, S. C. Younkin, and K. Boekelheide, The Fas system is a key regulator of germ cell apoptosis in the testis, Endocrinology, vol.138, issue.5, pp.2081-2088, 1997.

T. Lee, C. Liu, Y. Shih, H. Tsao, C. Huang et al., Magnetic-activated cell sorting for sperm preparation reduces spermatozoa with apoptotic markers and improves the acrosome reaction in couples with unexplained infertility, Human Reproduction, vol.25, issue.4, pp.839-846, 2010.

T. Lee, C. Liu, Y. Shih, H. Tsao, C. Huang et al., Magnetic-activated cell sorting for sperm preparation reduces spermatozoa with apoptotic markers and improves the acrosome reaction in couples with unexplained infertility ?, Human Reproduction, vol.25, issue.4, pp.839-846, 2010.

J. Lejeune, Ann Genet, vol.8, issue.1, pp.9-10, 1965.

P. E. Levi-setti, F. Cirillo, A. Smeraldi, E. Morenghi, G. E. Mulazzani et al., No advantage of fresh blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer in women under the age of 39: a randomized controlled study, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.35, issue.3, pp.457-465, 2018.

J. Levron, A. Aviram-goldring, S. Rienstien, D. Bider, J. Dor et al., Aneuploidy rates for chromosomes X/Y and 18 among preselected spermatozoa in men with severe teratospermia, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.27, issue.3, pp.280-285, 2013.

S. E. Lewis, I. Agbaje, and J. Alvarez, Sperm DNA tests as useful adjuncts to semen analysis, Syst Biol Reprod Med, vol.54, issue.3, pp.111-125, 2008.

S. E. Lewis and R. J. Aitken, DNA damage to spermatozoa has impacts on fertilization and pregnancy, Cell Tissue Res, vol.322, issue.1, pp.33-41, 2005.

J. O. Linschooten, F. J. Van-schooten, A. Baumgartner, E. Cemeli, J. Van-delft et al., Use of spermatozoal mRNA profiles to study geneenvironment interactions in human germ cells, Mutat Res, vol.667, issue.1-2, pp.70-76, 2009.

B. Liu, P. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Niu et al., Analysis and difference of voltage-dependent anion channel mRNA in ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic fertile donors and infertile patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, vol.27, issue.12, pp.719-724, 2010.

C. H. Liu, H. M. Tsao, T. C. Cheng, H. M. Wu, C. C. Huang et al., DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction and chromosomal aneuploidy in the spermatozoa of oligoasthenoteratozoospermic males, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.21, issue.4, p.119, 2004.

D. Y. Liu and H. W. Baker, Defective sperm-zona pellucida interaction: a major cause of failure of fertilization in clinical in-vitro fertilization, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.3, pp.702-708, 2000.

D. Y. Liu, C. Garrett, and H. W. Baker, Clinical application of sperm-oocyte interaction tests in in vitro fertilization--embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs, Fertil Steril, vol.82, issue.5, pp.1251-1263, 2004.

F. Lombardo, A. Sansone, F. Romanelli, D. Paoli, L. Gandini et al., The role of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of male infertility: an overview, Asian J Androl, vol.13, issue.5, pp.690-697, 2011.

S. Lopes, J. G. Sun, A. Jurisicova, J. Meriano, and R. F. Casper, Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation is increased in poor-quality semen samples and correlates with failed fertilization in intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Fertil Steril, vol.69, issue.3, pp.528-532, 1998.

M. Luna, E. Finkler, J. Barritt, N. Bar-chama, B. Sandler et al., Paternal age and assisted reproductive technology outcome in ovum recipients, Fertility and Sterility, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1772-1775, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.036

J. Macleod, The RÔle of Oxygen in the Metabolism and Motility of Human Spermatozoa, American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, vol.138, issue.3, pp.512-518, 1943.

N. G. Mahutte and A. Arici, Failed fertilization: is it predictable?, Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, vol.15, issue.3, pp.211-218, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03907-9

G. C. Manicardi, P. G. Bianchi, S. Pantano, P. Azzoni, D. Bizzaro et al., Presence of endogenous nicks in DNA of ejaculated human spermatozoa and its relationship to chromomycin A3 accessibility, Biol Reprod, vol.52, issue.4, pp.864-867, 1995.

S. Mao, R. J. Goodrich, R. Hauser, S. M. Schrader, Z. Chen et al., Evaluation of the effectiveness of semen storage and sperm purification methods for spermatozoa transcript profiling, Syst Biol Reprod Med, vol.59, issue.5, pp.287-295, 2013.

C. Marchetti and P. Marchetti, Detection of apoptotic markers in human ejaculated spermatozoa as new methods in human reproductive biology, Gynecol Obstet Fertil, vol.33, issue.9, pp.669-677, 2005.

C. Marchetti, G. Obert, A. Deffosez, P. Formstecher, and P. Marchetti, Study of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation and cell viability by flow cytometry in human sperm, Hum Reprod, vol.17, issue.5, pp.1257-1265, 2002.

R. H. Martin, Cytogenetic determinants of male fertility, Hum Reprod Update, vol.14, issue.4, pp.379-390, 2008.

R. H. Martin, Meiotic errors in human oogenesis and spermatogenesis, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.16, issue.4, pp.523-531, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60459-2
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60459-2

P. May-panloup, M. C. Malinge, L. Larget-piet, and M. F. Chrétien, Infertilité masculine d'origine génétique et assistance médicale à la procréation, Gynécol Obstét Fertil, vol.29, pp.583-593, 2001.

S. Mcpherson and F. J. Longo, Chromatin structure-function alterations during mammalian spermatogenesis: DNA nicking and repair in elongating spermatids, Eur J Histochem, vol.37, issue.2, pp.109-128, 1993.

S. M. Mcpherson and F. J. Longo, Localization of DNase I-Hypersensitive Regions During Rat Spermatogenesis: Stage-Dependent Patterns and Unique Sensitivity of Elongating Spermatids, Molecular reproduction and development, vol.31, pp.268-279, 1992.

S. M. Mcpherson and F. J. Longo, Nicking of rat spermatid and spermatozoa DNA: possible involvement of DNA topoisomerase II, Dev Biol, vol.158, issue.1, pp.122-130, 1993.

N. A. Melie, O. A. Adeniyi, O. M. Igbineweka, and R. A. Ajayi, Predictive value of the number of oocytes retrieved at ultrasound-directed follicular aspiration with regard to fertilization rates and pregnancy outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles, Fertil Steril, vol.80, issue.6, pp.1376-1379, 2003.

M. L. Mello, Induced metachromasia in bull spermatozoa, Histochemistry, vol.74, issue.3, pp.387-392, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00493438

Y. Menezo, B. Dale, and M. Cohen, DNA damage and repair in human oocytes and embryos: a review, Zygote, vol.18, issue.4, pp.357-365, 2010.

Y. Menezo, F. Entezami, I. Lichtblau, M. Cohen, S. Belloc et al., Oxidative stress and fertility: false evidence and bad recipes, vol.40, pp.787-796, 2012.

Y. Menezo, D. Evenson, M. Cohen, and B. Dale, Effect of antioxidants on sperm genetic damage, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.791, pp.173-189, 2014.

Y. J. Menezo, Paternal and maternal factors in preimplantation embryogenesis: interaction with the biochemical environment, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.12, issue.5, pp.616-621, 2006.

G. I. Meniru, Cambridge guide to infertility management and assisted reproduction, 2004.

J. Menken, J. Trussell, and U. Larsen, Age and infertility, Science, vol.233, issue.4771, pp.1389-1394, 1986.

C. Metzler-guillemain, G. Victorero, C. Lepoivre, A. Bergon, M. Yammine et al., Sperm mRNAs and microRNAs as candidate markers for the impact of toxicants on human spermatogenesis: an application to tobacco smoking, Syst Biol Reprod Med, vol.61, issue.3, pp.139-149, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01445195

N. Miharu, Chromosome abnormalities in sperm from infertile men with normal somatic karyotypes: oligozoospermia, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.111, issue.3-4, pp.347-351, 2005.

K. Miki, W. D. Willis, P. R. Brown, E. H. Goulding, K. D. Fulcher et al., Targeted disruption of the Akap4 gene causes defects in sperm flagellum and motility, Dev Biol, vol.248, issue.2, pp.331-342, 2002.

D. Miller, D. Briggs, H. Snowden, J. Hamlington, S. Rollinson et al., A complex population of RNAs exists in human ejaculate spermatozoa: implications for understanding molecular aspects of spermiogenesis, Gene, vol.237, issue.2, pp.385-392, 1999.

D. Miller and G. C. Ostermeier, Spermatozoal RNA: Why is it there and what does it do?, Gynecol Obstet Fertil, vol.34, issue.9, pp.840-846, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.07.013

D. Miller, G. C. Ostermeier, and S. A. Krawetz, The controversy, potential and roles of spermatozoal RNA, Trends Mol Med, vol.11, issue.4, pp.156-163, 2005.

D. Miller, P. Z. Tang, C. Skinner, and R. Lilford, Differential RNA fingerprinting as a tool in the analysis of spermatozoal gene expression, Hum Reprod, vol.9, issue.5, pp.864-869, 1994.

S. Miltenyi, W. Muller, W. Weichel, and A. Radbruch, High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS, Cytometry, vol.11, issue.2, pp.231-238, 1990.
DOI : 10.1002/cyto.990110203
URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cyto.990110203

L. A. Mitchell, G. N. De-iuliis, and R. J. Aitken, The TUNEL assay consistently underestimates DNA damage in human spermatozoa and is influenced by DNA compaction and cell vitality: development of an improved methodology, International Journal of Andrology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.2-13, 2011.

Y. Miyagawa, H. Nishimura, A. Tsujimura, Y. Matsuoka, K. Matsumiya et al., Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mutation analyses of the TNP1 and TNP2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations, J Androl, vol.26, issue.6, pp.779-786, 2005.

V. Monesi, Synthetic activities during spermatogenesis in the mouse: RNA and protein, Experimental Cell Research, vol.39, issue.1, pp.197-224, 1965.

S. Mongkolchaipak and T. Vutyavanich, No difference in high-magnification morphology and hyaluronic acid binding in the selection of euploid spermatozoa with intact DNA, Asian J Androl, vol.15, issue.3, pp.421-424, 2013.

D. Montjean, P. De-la-grange, D. Gentien, A. Rapinat, S. Belloc et al., Sperm transcriptome profiling in oligozoospermia, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.29, issue.1, pp.3-10, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10815-011-9644-3
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3252406?pdf=render

F. Morel, N. Douet-guilbert, M. J. Le-bris, A. Herry, V. Amice et al., Meiotic segregation of translocations during male gametogenesis, Int J Androl, vol.27, issue.4, pp.200-212, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00490.x
URL : https://journalhealthsciences.com/index.php/UDES/article/download/67/R.1%20Torres

F. Morel, N. Douet-guilbert, A. Moerman, B. Duban, C. Marchetti et al., Chromosome aneuploidy in the spermatozoa of two men with globozoospermia, MHR: Basic science of reproductive medicine, vol.10, issue.11, pp.835-838, 2004.

F. Morel, C. Roux, and J. L. Bresson, Segregation of sex chromosomes in spermatozoa of 46,XY/47,XXY men by multicolour fluorescence in-situ hybridization, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.6, issue.6, pp.566-570, 2000.

F. Morel, C. Roux, and J. L. Bresson, FISH analysis of the chromosomal status of spermatozoa from three men with 45,XY,der(13;14)(q10;q10) karyotype, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.7, issue.5, pp.483-488, 2001.

A. A. Moura, D. A. Chapman, and G. J. Killian, Proteins of the accessory sex glands associated with the oocyte-penetrating capacity of cauda epididymal sperm from holstein bulls of documented fertility, Mol Reprod Dev, vol.74, issue.2, pp.214-222, 2007.

K. Mroz, T. J. Hassold, and P. A. Hunt, Meiotic aneuploidy in the XXY mouse: evidence that a compromised testicular environment increases the incidence of meiotic errors, Hum Reprod, vol.14, issue.5, pp.1151-1156, 1999.

S. Munne, M. Alikani, G. Tomkin, J. Grifo, and J. Cohen, Embryo morphology, developmental rates, and maternal age are correlated with chromosome abnormalities, Fertil Steril, vol.64, issue.2, pp.382-391, 1995.

S. Munne, M. Sandalinas, T. Escudero, J. Fung, L. Gianaroli et al., Outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of translocations, Fertil Steril, vol.73, issue.6, pp.1209-1218, 2000.

S. Munné, M. Sandalinas, T. Escudero, J. Fung, L. Gianaroli et al., Outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of translocations, Fertility and Sterility, vol.73, issue.6, pp.1209-1218, 2000.

M. Nadalini, N. Tarozzi, M. D. Santo, and A. Borini, Annexin V magnetic-activated cell sorting versus swim-up for the selection of human sperm in ART: is the new approach better then the traditional one?, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.31, issue.8, pp.1045-1051, 2014.

Q. V. Neri, B. Lee, Z. Rosenwaks, K. Machaca, and G. D. Palermo, Understanding fertilization through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Cell Calcium, vol.55, issue.1, pp.24-37, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.10.006
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2013.10.006

M. H. Nguyen, F. Morel, N. Douet-guilbert, A. Basinko, M. L. Bris et al., Meiotic segregation studies in spermatozoa of males carrying a structural chromosome abnormality, pp.139-148, 2014.

M. T. Nguyen, D. P. Delaney, and T. F. Kolon, Gene expression alterations in cryptorchid males using spermatozoal microarray analysis, Fertil Steril, vol.92, issue.1, pp.182-187, 2009.

J. D. Nicopoullos, C. Gilling-smith, P. A. Almeida, S. Homa, L. Nice et al., The role of sperm aneuploidy as a predictor of the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection?, Hum Reprod, vol.23, issue.2, pp.240-250, 2008.

J. D. Nicopoullos, C. Gilling-smith, P. A. Almeida, S. Homa, L. Nice et al.,

. Ramsay, The role of sperm aneuploidy as a predictor of the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection?, Hum Reprod, vol.23, issue.2, pp.240-250, 2008.

E. Nieschlag, Scope and Goals of Andrology, Andrology. Springer, 2010.

C. O&apos;flaherty, E. De-lamirande, and C. Gagnon, Positive role of reactive oxygen species in mammalian sperm capacitation: triggering and modulation of phosphorylation events, Free Radic Biol Med, vol.41, issue.4, pp.528-540, 2006.

C. M. O&apos;flaherty, P. T. Chan, B. F. Hales, and B. Robaire, Sperm chromatin structure components are differentially repaired in cancer survivors, J Androl, vol.33, issue.4, pp.629-636, 2012.

K. L. O&apos;flynn-o&apos;brien, A. C. Varghese, and A. Agarwal, The genetic causes of male factor infertility: a review, Fertil Steril, vol.93, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2010.

S. Ogawa, S. Araki, Y. Araki, M. Ohno, and I. Sato, Chromosome analysis of human spermatozoa from an oligoasthenozoospermic carrier for a 13;14 Robertsonian translocation by their injection into mouse oocytes, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.5, pp.1136-1139, 2000.

G. Ogur, E. Van-assche, W. Vegetti, G. Verheyen, H. Tournaye et al., Chromosomal segregation in spermatozoa of 14, 2006.

, Robertsonian translocation carriers, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.12, issue.3, pp.209-215

K. Oleszczuk, L. Augustinsson, N. Bayat, A. Giwercman, and M. Bungum, Prevalence of high DNA fragmentation index in male partners of unexplained infertile couples, Andrology, vol.1, issue.3, pp.357-360, 2013.

R. Oliva, Protamines and male infertility, Hum Reprod Update, vol.12, issue.4, pp.417-435, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/humupd/dml009
URL : https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article-pdf/12/4/417/6439848/dml009.pdf

T. D. Ong, L. Xun, S. D. Perreaut, and W. A. Robbins, Aneuploidy and Chromosome Breakage in Swim-Up Versus Unprocessed Semen From Twenty Healthy Men, Journal of Andrology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.270-277, 2002.

G. C. Ostermeier, D. J. Dix, D. Miller, P. Khatri, and S. A. Krawetz, Spermatozoal RNA profiles of normal fertile men, Lancet, vol.360, issue.9335, pp.772-777, 2002.

G. C. Ostermeier, R. J. Goodrich, M. P. Diamond, D. J. Dix, and S. A. Krawetz, Toward using stable spermatozoal RNAs for prognostic assessment of male factor fertility, Fertil Steril, vol.83, issue.6, pp.1687-1694, 2005.

G. C. Ostermeier, R. J. Goodrich, J. S. Moldenhauer, M. P. Diamond, and S. A. Krawetz, A suite of novel human spermatozoal RNAs, J Androl, vol.26, issue.1, pp.70-74, 2005.

G. C. Ostermeier, D. Miller, J. D. Huntriss, M. P. Diamond, and S. A. Krawetz, Reproductive biology: delivering spermatozoan RNA to the oocyte, Nature, vol.429, issue.6988, p.154, 2004.

U. Paasch, S. Grunewald, G. Fitzl, and H. J. Glander, Deterioration of plasma membrane is associated with activated caspases in human spermatozoa, J Androl, vol.24, issue.2, pp.246-252, 2003.

G. Palermo, H. Joris, P. Devroey, and A. C. Van-steirteghem, Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte, Lancet, vol.340, issue.8810, pp.17-18, 1992.

K. Pantos, E. Makrakis, M. Chronopoulou, M. Biba, A. Perdikaris et al., , 2008.

, Day 4 versus day 3 embryo transfer: a prospective study of clinical outcomes, Fertil Steril, vol.89, issue.3, pp.573-577

E. G. Papanikolaou, M. Camus, E. M. Kolibianakis, L. Van-landuyt, A. Van-steirteghem et al., In vitro fertilization with single blastocyst-stage versus single cleavage-stage embryos, N Engl J Med, vol.354, issue.11, pp.1139-1146, 2006.

E. G. Papanikolaou, E. Haeseleer, G. Verheyen, H. Van-de-velde, M. Camus et al., randomized prospective study, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.11, pp.3198-3203, 2005.

M. Pelloni, D. Paoli, M. Majoli, F. Pallotti, T. Carlini et al., Molecular study of human sperm RNA: Ropporin and CABYR in asthenozoospermia, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, vol.41, issue.7, pp.781-787, 2018.

A. Perdrix, A. Travers, M. H. Chelli, D. Escalier, J. L. Rego et al., Assessment of acrosome and nuclear abnormalities in human spermatozoa with large vacuoles, Hum Reprod, vol.26, issue.1, pp.47-58, 2011.

A. Perrin, A. Basinko, N. Douet-guilbert, N. Gueganic, M. J. Le-bris et al., Aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in sperm of carriers of a constitutional chromosomal abnormality, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.133, issue.2-4, pp.100-106, 2011.

A. Perrin, E. Caer, M. Oliver-bonet, J. Navarro, J. Benet et al.,

. Morel, DNA fragmentation and meiotic segregation in sperm of carriers of a chromosomal structural abnormality, Fertil Steril, vol.92, issue.2, pp.583-589, 2009.

A. Perrin, N. Louanjli, Y. Ziane, T. Louanjli, C. L. Roy et al., Study of aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in gametes of patients with severe teratozoospermia, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.22, issue.2, pp.148-154, 2011.

A. Perrin, F. Morel, N. Douet-guilbert, M. J. Le-bris, J. Amice et al., A study of meiotic segregation of chromosomes in spermatozoa of translocation carriers using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, Andrologia, vol.42, issue.1, pp.27-34, 2010.

A. Perrin, M. H. Nguyen, L. Bujan, F. Vialard, V. Amice et al., DNA fragmentation is higher in spermatozoa with chromosomally unbalanced content in men with a structural chromosomal rearrangement, Andrology, vol.1, issue.4, pp.632-638, 2013.

C. A. Pessot, M. Brito, J. Figueroa, . Concha, A. Ii et al., Presence of RNA in the sperm nucleus, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.158, issue.1, pp.272-278, 1989.

C. G. Petersen, L. D. Vagnini, A. L. Mauri, F. C. Massaro, M. Cavagna et al., Relationship between DNA damage and sperm head birefringence, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.22, issue.6, pp.583-589, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.017
URL : http://www.rbmojournal.com/article/S1472648311001738/pdf

A. S. Peultier, T. Freour, N. Cazenave, and P. Barriere, Fertilization failure in IVF and ICSI, J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, vol.44, issue.4, pp.380-386, 2015.

P. Piomboni, A. Stendardi, and L. Gambera, Chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidies of spermatozoa, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.791, pp.27-52, 2014.

P. Platteau, C. Staessen, A. Michiels, H. Tournaye, A. Van-steirteghem et al.,

. Devroey, Comparison of the aneuploidy frequency in embryos derived from testicular sperm extraction in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermic men, Human Reproduction, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1570-1574, 2004.

A. E. Platts, D. J. Dix, H. E. Chemes, K. E. Thompson, R. Goodrich et al.,

S. Rawe, M. P. Quintana, L. F. Diamond, S. A. Strader, and . Krawetz, Success and failure in human spermatogenesis as revealed by teratozoospermic RNAs, Hum Mol Genet, vol.16, issue.7, pp.763-773, 2007.

S. R. Plymate, W. J. Bremner, and C. A. Paulsen, The association of D-group chromosomal translocations and defective spermatogenesis, Fertil Steril, vol.27, issue.2, pp.139-144, 1976.

H. Pons-rejraji, B. Sion, F. Saez, F. Brugnon, L. Janny et al., Rôle des dérivés actifs de l'oxygène (DAO) sur les spermatozoïdes humains et infertilité masculine, Gynécologie Obstétrique et Fertilité, vol.37, issue.6, pp.529-535, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.015

L. Y. Pylyp, L. O. Spinenko, N. V. Verhoglyad, and V. D. Zukin, Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with oligozoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.30, issue.5, pp.729-732, 2013.

S. Ranganathan, A. K. Ganguly, and K. Datta, Evidence for presence of hyaluronan binding protein on spermatozoa and its possible involvement in sperm function, Mol Reprod Dev, vol.38, issue.1, pp.69-76, 1994.

T. Rasoulpour, K. Dipalma, B. Kolvek, and M. Hixon, Akt1 suppresses radiationinduced germ cell apoptosis in vivo, Endocrinology, vol.147, issue.9, pp.4213-4221, 2006.

M. Rassoulzadegan, P. V.-grandjean, S. Gounon, I. Vincent, F. Gillot et al., , 2006.

, RNA-mediated non-mendelian inheritance of an epigenetic change in the mouse, Nature, vol.441, issue.7092, pp.469-474

C. Ravel, I. Berthaut, J. L. Bresson, and J. P. , Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in phenotypically normal and fertile adult males: large-scale survey of over 10,000 sperm donor karyotypes, Hum Reprod, vol.21, issue.6, pp.1484-1489, 2006.

V. Y. Rawe, C. R. Alvarez, H. W. Uriondo, S. Papier, S. Miasnik et al., ICSI outcome using Annexin V columns to select non-apoptotic spermatozoa, Fertility and Sterility, vol.92, issue.3, pp.73-74, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.284

V. Y. Rawe, H. U. Boudri, C. Sedo, M. Carro, S. Papier et al., Healthy baby born after reduction of sperm DNA fragmentation using cell sorting before ICSI, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.20, issue.3, pp.320-323, 2010.

V. Y. Rawe, S. B. Olmedo, F. N. Nodar, G. D. Doncel, A. A. Acosta et al., Cytoskeletal organization defects and abortive activation in human oocytes after IVF and ICSI failure, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.6, issue.6, pp.510-516, 2000.

B. E. Reubinoff, D. Abeliovich, M. Werner, J. G. Schenker, A. Safran et al., , 1998.

, A birth in non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome after testicular fine needle aspiration, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Hum Reprod, vol.13, issue.7, pp.1887-1892

C. Rolf, T. G. Cooper, C. H. Yeung, and E. Nieschlag, Antioxidant treatment of patients with asthenozoospermia or moderate oligoasthenozoospermia with high-dose vitamin C and vitamin E: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, Hum Reprod, vol.14, issue.4, pp.1028-1033, 1999.

L. Romany, N. Garrido, A. Cobo, B. Aparicio-ruiz, V. Serra et al., Obstetric and perinatal outcome of babies born from sperm selected by MACS from a randomized controlled trial, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.34, issue.2, pp.201-207, 2017.

L. Romany, N. Garrido, Y. Motato, B. Aparicio, J. Remohi et al., Removal of annexin V-positive sperm cells for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in ovum donation cycles does not improve reproductive outcome: a controlled and randomized trial in unselected males, Fertil Steril, vol.102, issue.6, pp.1567-1575, 1561.

R. Ron-el, A. Raziel, D. Strassburger, M. Schachter, E. Kasterstein et al., , 2000.

R. Ron-el, D. Strassburger, S. Gelman-kohan, S. Friedler, A. Raziel et al., A 47,XXY fetus conceived after ICSI of spermatozoa from a patient with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome: case report, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1804-1806, 2000.

A. Rouen, L. Carlier, S. Heide, M. Egloff, P. Marzin et al., Potential selection of genetically balanced spermatozoa based on the hypo-osmotic swelling test in chromosomal rearrangement carriers, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.35, issue.4, pp.372-378, 2017.

A. Rouen, C. Hyon, R. Balet, N. Joye, N. G. Cassuto et al., First Birth after Sperm Selection through Discontinuous Gradient Centrifugation and Artificial Insemination from a Chromosomal Translocation Carrier, Case Rep Genet, p.906145, 2014.

S. Rousseaux, C. Caron, J. Govin, C. Lestrat, A. K. Faure et al., Establishment of male-specific epigenetic information, Gene, vol.345, issue.2, pp.139-153, 2005.

S. Rousseaux, E. Chevret, M. Monteil, J. Cozzi, R. Pelletier et al., Meiotic segregation in males heterozygote for reciprocal translocations: analysis of sperm nuclei by two and three colour fluorescence in situ hybridization, Cytogenet Cell Genet, vol.71, issue.3, pp.240-246, 1995.

C. Roux, C. Tripogney, F. Morel, C. Joanne, F. Fellmann et al., Segregation of chromosomes in sperm of Robertsonian translocation carriers, Cytogenetic and Genome Research, vol.111, issue.3-4, pp.291-296, 2005.

T. Said, A. Agarwal, S. Grunewald, M. Rasch, T. Baumann et al., Selection of nonapoptotic spermatozoa as a new tool for enhancing assisted reproduction outcomes: an in vitro model, Biol Reprod, vol.74, issue.3, pp.530-537, 2006.

T. M. Said, A. Agarwal, S. Grunewald, M. Rasch, H. J. Glander et al., Evaluation of sperm recovery following annexin V magnetic-activated cell sorting separation, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.13, issue.3, pp.336-339, 2006.

T. M. Said and J. A. Land, Effects of advanced selection methods on sperm quality and ART outcome: a systematic review, Hum Reprod Update, vol.17, issue.6, pp.719-733, 2011.

T. M. Said, U. Paasch, H. J. Glander, and A. Agarwal, Role of caspases in male infertility, Hum Reprod Update, vol.10, issue.1, pp.39-51, 2004.

D. Sakkas, Novel technologies for selecting the best sperm for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Fertil Steril, vol.99, issue.4, pp.1023-1029, 2013.

D. Sakkas and J. G. Alvarez, Sperm DNA fragmentation: mechanisms of origin, impact on reproductive outcome, and analysis, Fertil Steril, vol.93, issue.4, pp.1027-1036, 2010.

D. Sakkas and H. M. El-fakahany, Apoptosis in Ejaculated Spermatozoa and in the Normal and Pathological Testes: Abortive Apoptosis and Sperm Chromatin Damage, pp.197-218, 2018.

D. Sakkas, E. Mariethoz, and J. C. John, Abnormal Sperm Parameters in Humans Are Indicative of an Abortive Apoptotic Mechanism Linked to the Fas-Mediated Pathway, Experimental Cell Research, vol.251, pp.350-355, 1999.

D. Sakkas, E. Mariethoz, G. Manicardi, D. Bizzaro, P. G. Bianchi et al., Origin of DNA damage in ejaculated human spermatozoa, Rev Reprod, vol.4, issue.1, pp.31-37, 1999.

D. Sakkas, E. Mariethoz, and J. C. St-john, Abnormal sperm parameters in humans are indicative of an abortive apoptotic mechanism linked to the Fas-mediated pathway, Exp Cell Res, vol.251, issue.2, pp.350-355, 1999.

D. Sakkas, O. Moffatt, G. C. Manicardi, E. Mariethoz, N. Tarozzi et al., Nature of DNA damage in ejaculated human spermatozoa and the possible involvement of apoptosis, Biol Reprod, vol.66, issue.4, pp.1061-1067, 2002.

D. Sakkas, E. Seli, G. C. Manicardi, M. Nijs, W. Ombelet et al., The presence of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate: did apoptosis fail?, Hum Fertil (Camb), vol.7, issue.2, pp.99-103, 2004.

R. A. Saleh, A. Agarwal, D. R. Nelson, E. A. Nada, M. H. El-tonsy et al., Increased sperm nuclear DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile men: a prospective study, Fertil Steril, vol.78, issue.2, pp.313-318, 2002.

M. Sanchez-castro, A. R. Jimenez-macedo, M. Sandalinas, and J. Blanco, Prognostic value of sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis over PGD, Hum Reprod, vol.24, issue.6, pp.1516-1521, 2009.

E. Sarikaya, O. G. Eryilmaz, R. Deveer, M. Dogan, and L. Mollamahmutoglu, Analysis of 232 total fertilization failure cycles during intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Iran J Reprod Med, vol.9, issue.2, pp.105-112, 2011.

Z. Sarrate, F. Vidal, and J. Blanco, Role of sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization studies in infertile patients: indications, study approach, and clinical relevance, Fertility and Sterility, vol.93, issue.6, pp.1892-1902, 2010.

J. Schlosser, I. Nakib, F. Carré-pigeon, and F. Staerman, Infertilité masculine: définition et physiopathologie, Annales d'Urologie, vol.41, issue.3, pp.127-133, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anuro.2007.02.004

T. E. Schmid, A. Kamischke, H. Bollwein, E. Nieschlag, and M. H. Brinkworth, Genetic damage in oligozoospermic patients detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, inverse restriction site mutation assay, sperm chromatin structure assay and the Comet assay, Hum Reprod, vol.18, issue.7, pp.1474-1480, 2003.

R. T. Schulte, D. A. Ohl, M. Sigman, and G. D. Smith, Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.27, issue.1, pp.3-12, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10815-009-9359-x
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2826626?pdf=render

A. Schuster, C. Tang, Y. Xie, N. Ortogero, S. Yuan et al., SpermBase: A Database for Sperm-Borne RNA Contents, Biol Reprod, vol.95, issue.5, p.99, 2016.
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod.116.142190
URL : https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article-pdf/95/5/99, 1-12/9319321/biolreprod0099.pdf

P. Schwarzler, H. Zech, M. Auer, K. Pfau, G. Gobel et al., Pregnancy outcome after blastocyst transfer as compared to early cleavage stage embryo transfer, Hum Reprod, vol.19, issue.9, pp.2097-2102, 2004.

P. N. Scriven, F. A. Flinter, P. R. Braude, and C. M. Ogilvie, Robertsonian translocations--reproductive risks and indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Hum Reprod, vol.16, issue.11, pp.2267-2273, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/16.11.2267
URL : https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-pdf/16/11/2267/9825453/162267.pdf

M. Seiringer, M. Maurer, O. Shebl, K. Dreier, G. Tews et al., Efficacy of a sperm-selection chamber in terms of morphology, aneuploidy and DNA packaging, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.27, issue.1, pp.81-88, 2013.

E. Sendler, G. D. Johnson, S. Mao, R. J. Goodrich, M. P. Diamond et al., Stability, delivery and functions of human sperm RNAs at fertilization, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.41, issue.7, pp.4104-4117, 2013.

S. Sepaniak, T. Forges, H. Gerard, B. Foliguet, M. C. Bene et al., The influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm quality and DNA fragmentation, Toxicology, vol.223, issue.1-2, pp.54-60, 2006.

M. Sergerie, G. Bleau, R. Teulé, M. Daudin, and L. Bujan, Intégrité de l'ADN des spermatozoïdes comme élément diagnostique et pronostique de la fertilité masculine, Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité, vol.33, issue.3, pp.89-101, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.02.012

M. Sergerie, G. Laforest, L. Bujan, F. Bissonnette, and G. Bleau, Sperm DNA fragmentation: threshold value in male fertility, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.12, pp.3446-3451, 2005.

C. Shaha, R. Tripathi, and D. P. Mishra, Male germ cell apoptosis: regulation and biology, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.365, pp.1501-1515, 1546.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2009.0124
URL : http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1546/1501.full.pdf

R. Sharma and A. Agarwal, Spermatogenesis: An Overview, pp.19-44, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4614-7843-0_2

R. K. Sharma, E. Sabanegh, R. Mahfouz, S. Gupta, A. Thiyagarajan et al., , 2010.

, TUNEL as a test for sperm DNA damage in the evaluation of male infertility, Urology, vol.76, issue.6, pp.1380-1386

A. Sheikhi, M. Jalali, M. Gholamian, A. Jafarzadeh, S. Jannati et al., Elimination of apoptotic spermatozoa by magnetic-activated cell sorting improves the fertilization rate of couples treated with ICSI procedure, Andrology, vol.1, issue.6, pp.845-849, 2013.

S. Shen, J. Wang, J. Liang, and C. Zhu, Low-expressed testis-specific calciumbinding protein CBP86-IV (CABYR) is observed in idiopathic asthenozoospermia, World J Urol, vol.33, issue.5, pp.633-638, 2015.

Q. Shi and R. H. Martin, Aneuploidy in human spermatozoa: FISH analysis in men with constitutional chromosomal abnormalities, and in infertile men, Reproduction, vol.121, issue.5, pp.655-666, 2001.

K. K. Shukla, A. A. Mahdi, and S. Rajender, Apoptosis, spermatogenesis and male infertility, Front Biosci (Elite Ed), vol.4, pp.746-754, 2012.

L. Simon, J. Castillo, R. Oliva, and S. E. Lewis, Relationships between human sperm protamines, DNA damage and assisted reproduction outcomes, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.23, issue.6, pp.724-734, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.08.010
URL : http://www.rbmojournal.com/article/S1472648311004822/pdf

L. Simon, L. Liu, K. Murphy, S. Ge, J. Hotaling et al., Comparative analysis of three sperm DNA damage assays and sperm nuclear protein content in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment, Human Reproduction, vol.29, issue.5, pp.904-917, 2014.

A. Singh and A. Agarwal, The Role of Sperm Chromatin Integrity and DNA Damage on Male Infertility, The Open Reproductive Science Journal, vol.3, pp.65-71, 2011.

N. A. Smirnova, P. J. Romanienko, P. P. Khil, and R. D. Camerini-otero, Gene expression profiles of Spo11-/-mouse testes with spermatocytes arrested in meiotic prophase I, Reproduction, vol.132, issue.1, pp.67-77, 2006.

C. M. Smyth and W. J. Bremner, Klinefelter syndrome, Arch Intern Med, vol.158, issue.12, pp.1309-1314, 1998.

Y. Soffer, Les inséminations intra-utérines, Andrologie, vol.10, issue.4, pp.443-451, 2000.

Y. Sone, M. Ito, H. Shirakawa, T. Shikano, H. Takeuchi et al., Nuclear translocation of phospholipase C-zeta, an egg-activating factor, during early embryonic development, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.330, issue.3, pp.690-694, 2005.

B. Sotolongo, E. Lino, and W. S. Ward, Ability of hamster spermatozoa to digest their own DNA, Biol Reprod, vol.69, issue.6, pp.2029-2035, 2003.

B. E. Speyer, A. R. Pizzey, M. Ranieri, R. Joshi, J. D. Delhanty et al., Fall in implantation rates following ICSI with sperm with high DNA fragmentation, Hum Reprod, vol.25, issue.7, pp.1609-1618, 2010.

A. Spira, Epidemiology of human reproduction, Hum Reprod, vol.1, issue.2, pp.111-115, 1986.

C. Splingart, A. Catteau, and P. Barrière, Inséminations intrautérines : indications, réalités, résultats. Infertilité prise en charge globale et thérapeutique M, vol.17, pp.115-120, 2016.

C. Staessen, P. Platteau, E. Van-assche, A. Michiels, H. Tournaye et al., Comparison of blastocyst transfer with or without preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy screening in couples with advanced maternal age: a prospective randomized controlled trial, Hum Reprod, vol.19, issue.12, pp.2849-2858, 2004.

P. C. Steptoe and R. G. Edwards, Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo, The Lancet, vol.312, issue.8085, p.366, 1978.

C. Stern, M. Pertile, H. Norris, L. Hale, and H. W. Baker, Chromosome translocations in couples with in-vitro fertilization implantation failure, Hum Reprod, vol.14, issue.8, pp.2097-2101, 1999.

S. A. Suleiman, M. E. Ali, Z. M. Zaki, E. M. El-malik, and M. A. Nasr, Lipid peroxidation and human sperm motility: protective role of vitamin E, J Androl, vol.17, issue.5, p.530, 1996.

F. Sun, E. Ko, and R. H. Martin, Is there a relationship between sperm chromosome abnormalities and sperm morphology?, Reprod Biol Endocrinol, vol.4, p.1, 2006.

J. G. Sun, A. Jurisicova, and R. F. Casper, Detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in human sperm: correlation with fertilization in vitro, Biol Reprod, vol.56, issue.3, pp.602-607, 1997.

M. A. Swairjo and B. A. Seaton, Annexin structure and membrane interactions: a molecular perspective, Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, vol.23, pp.193-213, 1994.

M. Szamatowicz and D. Grochowski, Fertility and infertility in aging women, Gynecological Endocrinology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.407-413, 1998.

M. A. Szczygiel and W. S. Ward, Combination of dithiothreitol and detergent treatment of spermatozoa causes paternal chromosomal damage, Biol Reprod, vol.67, issue.5, pp.1532-1537, 2002.

B. Tahir, A. A. Sharma-rakesh, and K. , Chapter-29 Sperm Preparation and Selection Techniques. Medical & Surgical Management of Male Infertility, pp.244-251, 2014.

J. Tao, R. Tamis, K. Fink, B. Williams, T. Nelson-white et al., The neglected morula/compact stage embryo transfer, Hum Reprod, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1513-1518, 2002.

B. C. Tarlatzis, H. S. Qublan, T. Sanopoulou, L. Zepiridis, G. Grimbizis et al., Increase in the monozygotic twinning rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and blastocyst stage embryo transfer, Fertil Steril, vol.77, issue.1, pp.196-198, 2002.

H. Tateno, Y. Kimura, and R. Yanagimachi, Sonication per se is not as deleterious to sperm chromosomes as previously inferred, Biol Reprod, vol.63, issue.1, pp.341-346, 2000.
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod63.1.341
URL : https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article-pdf/63/1/341/10715688/biolreprod0341.pdf

M. Tavalaee, M. R. Deemeh, M. Arbabian, and M. H. Nasr-esfahani, Density gradient centrifugation before or after magnetic-activated cell sorting: which technique is more useful for clinical sperm selection, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.29, issue.1, pp.31-38, 2012.

J. Taylor, B. Collins, G. Grudzinskas, A. H. Handyside, L. M. Shaw et al., Failed fertilisation: a review of approximately 6,000 cases of IVF/ICSI, Fertility and Sterility, vol.88, p.153, 2007.

S. L. Taylor, S. L. Weng, P. Fox, E. H. Duran, M. S. Morshedi et al., Somatic cell apoptosis markers and pathways in human ejaculated sperm: potential utility as indicators of sperm quality, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.10, issue.11, pp.825-834, 2004.

E. R. Te-velde and P. L. Pearson, The variability of female reproductive ageing, Human Reproduction Update, vol.8, issue.2, pp.141-154, 2002.

N. A. Telford, A. J. Watson, and G. A. Schultz, Transition from maternal to embryonic control in early mammalian development: a comparison of several species, Mol Reprod Dev, vol.26, issue.1, pp.90-100, 1990.

H. G. Tempest and D. K. Griffin, The relationship between male infertility and increased levels of sperm disomy, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.107, issue.1-2, pp.83-94, 2004.

C. Templado, L. Uroz, and A. Estop, New insights on the origin and relevance of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa, vol.19, pp.634-643, 2013.

C. Templado, F. Vidal, and A. Estop, Aneuploidy in human spermatozoa, Cytogenet Genome Res, vol.133, issue.2-4, pp.91-99, 2011.

C. Templado, F. Vidal, J. Navarro, S. Marina, and J. Egozcue, Meiotic studies and synaptonemal complex analysis in two infertile males with a 13/14 balanced translocation, Hum Genet, vol.67, issue.2, pp.162-165, 1984.

J. Tesarik, E. Greco, and C. Mendoza, Late, but not early, paternal effect on human embryo development is related to sperm DNA fragmentation, Human Reproduction, vol.19, issue.3, pp.611-615, 2004.

J. Tesarik, C. Mendoza, and E. Greco, Paternal effects acting during the first cell cycle of human preimplantation development after ICSI, Hum Reprod, vol.17, issue.1, pp.184-189, 2002.

P. Thonneau, S. Marchand, A. Tallec, M. Ferial, B. Ducot et al.,

A. Tabaste and . Spira, Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1 850 000) of three French regions (1988-1989)*, Human Reproduction, vol.6, issue.6, pp.811-816, 1991.

M. Y. Thum, H. I. Abdalla, and D. Taylor, Relationship between women's age and basal follicle-stimulating hormone levels with aneuploidy risk in in vitro fertilization treatment, Fertil Steril, vol.90, issue.2, pp.315-321, 2008.

K. Tremellen, G. Miari, D. Froiland, and J. Thompson, A randomised control trial examining the effect of an antioxidant (Menevit) on pregnancy outcome during IVF-ICSI treatment, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, vol.47, issue.3, pp.216-221, 2007.

Y. R. Tsai, K. C. Lan, F. T. Kung, P. Y. Lin, H. J. Chiang et al., The effect of advanced paternal age on the outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques among patients with azoospermia using cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa, Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, vol.52, issue.3, pp.351-355, 2013.

O. Tunc, J. Thompson, and K. Tremellen, Improvement in sperm DNA quality using an oral antioxidant therapy, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.18, issue.6, pp.761-768, 2009.

P. J. Turek and R. A. Pera, Current and future genetic screening for male infertility, Urol Clin North Am, vol.29, issue.4, pp.767-792, 2002.

E. Van-assche, M. Bonduelle, H. Tournaye, H. Joris, G. Verheyen et al., Cytogenetics of infertile men, Hum Reprod, vol.11, 1996.

E. Van-royen, K. Mangelschots, D. De-neubourg, M. Valkenburg, M. Van-de-meerssche et al., Characterization of a top quality embryo, a step towards single-embryo transfer, Human Reproduction, vol.14, issue.9, pp.2345-2349, 1999.

P. Vanderzwalmen, A. Hiemer, P. Rubner, M. Bach, A. Neyer et al., Blastocyst development after sperm selection at high magnification is associated with size and number of nuclear vacuoles, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.17, issue.5, pp.617-627, 2008.

A. Varghese, F. Deepinder, A. Chandra, A. W. Jeat, F. Pathan et al., Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis, 2014.

W. Vegetti, E. Van-assche, A. Frias, G. Verheyen, M. M. Bianchi et al., Correlation between semen parameters and sperm aneuploidy rates investigated by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in infertile men, Hum Reprod, vol.15, issue.2, pp.351-365, 2000.

P. A. Veld, R. F. Weber, F. J. Los, N. Hollander, M. Dhont et al., Two cases of Robertsonian translocations in oligozoospermic males and their consequences for pregnancies induced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Hum Reprod, vol.12, issue.8, pp.1642-1644, 1997.

X. Vendrell, M. Ferrer, E. Garcia-mengual, P. Munoz, J. C. Trivino et al., Correlation between aneuploidy, apoptotic markers and DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa from normozoospermic patients, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.28, issue.4, pp.492-502, 2014.

F. Vidal, C. Templado, J. Navarro, S. Marina, and J. Egozcue, Meiotic and synaptonemal complex studies in a 14/21 translocation carrier, Int J Androl, vol.5, issue.1, pp.21-26, 1982.

M. R. Virro, K. L. Larson-cook, and D. P. Evenson, Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters are related to fertilization, blastocyst development, and ongoing pregnancy in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, Fertil Steril, vol.81, issue.5, pp.1289-1295, 2004.

M. Vozdova, K. Kasikova, E. Oracova, P. Prinosilova, R. Rybar et al., The effect of the swim-up and hyaluronan-binding methods on the frequency of abnormal spermatozoa detected by FISH and SCSA in carriers of balanced chromosomal translocations, Hum Reprod, vol.27, issue.3, pp.930-937, 2012.

H. Wang, Z. Zhou, M. Xu, J. Li, J. Xiao et al., A spermatogenesisrelated gene expression profile in human spermatozoa and its potential clinical applications, J Mol Med, vol.82, issue.5, pp.317-324, 2004.

W. S. Ward, Function of sperm chromatin structural elements in fertilization and development, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.16, issue.1, pp.30-36, 2010.

D. Wells, M. G. Bermudez, N. Steuerwald, A. R. Thornhill, D. L. Walker et al., Expression of genes regulating chromosome segregation, the cell cycle and apoptosis during human preimplantation development, Hum Reprod, vol.20, issue.5, pp.1339-1348, 2005.

S. L. Weng, S. L. Taylor, M. Morshedi, A. Schuffner, E. H. Duran et al.,

. Oehninger, Caspase activity and apoptotic markers in ejaculated human sperm, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.8, issue.11, pp.984-991, 2002.

, WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, WHO, pp.7-113, 2010.

, WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen Fifth edition, WHO, 2010.

E. Wiland, C. J. Hobel, D. Hill, and M. Kurpisz, and embryos: a case report, Prenatal Diagnosis, vol.28, issue.1, pp.36-41, 2008.

E. C. Wong, K. A. Ferguson, V. Chow, and S. Ma, Sperm aneuploidy and meiotic sex chromosome configurations in an infertile XYY male, Hum Reprod, vol.23, issue.2, pp.374-378, 2008.

C. Wright, S. Milne, and H. Leeson, Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility, Reprod Biomed Online, vol.28, issue.6, pp.684-703, 2014.

Y. Wu, X. Kang, H. Zheng, H. Liu, Q. Huang et al., Effect of Paternal Age on Reproductive Outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, PLoS ONE, vol.11, issue.2, p.149867, 2016.

Z. Wu, X. Lu, M. Wang, and H. Cheng, Correlation between body mass index of Chinese males and assisted reproductive technology outcome, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, vol.8, issue.11, pp.21472-21476, 2015.

K. Wundrich, U. Paasch, M. Leicht, and H. J. Glander, Activation of caspases in human spermatozoa during cryopreservation--an immunoblot study, Cell Tissue Bank, vol.7, issue.2, pp.81-90, 2006.

S. M. Wykes, D. W. Visscher, and S. A. Krawetz, Haploid transcripts persist in mature human spermatozoa, Mol Hum Reprod, vol.3, issue.1, pp.15-19, 1997.

R. Yanagimachi, H. Yanagimachi, and B. J. Rogers, The use of zona-free animal ova as a test-system for the assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa, Biol Reprod, vol.15, issue.4, pp.471-476, 1976.

A. N. Yatsenko, S. A. Yatsenko, J. W. Weedin, A. E. Lawrence, A. Patel et al., Comprehensive 5-year study of cytogenetic aberrations in 668 infertile men, J Urol, vol.183, issue.4, pp.1636-1642, 2010.

C. Yazbeck, Chapitre13 : Infertilit du couple : la premire consultation Infertilité prise en charge globale et thérapeutique M, pp.87-92, 2016.

A. I. Yudin, C. A. Vandevoort, M. W. Li, and J. W. Overstreet, PH-20 but not acrosin is involved in sperm penetration of the macaque zona pellucida, Mol Reprod Dev, vol.53, issue.3, pp.350-362, 1999.

A. Zahedi, M. Tavalaee, M. R. Deemeh, L. Azadi, M. Fazilati et al., Zeta potential vs apoptotic marker: which is more suitable for ICSI sperm selection, J Assist Reprod Genet, vol.30, issue.9, pp.1181-1186, 2013.

F. Zegers-hochschild, G. D. Adamson, J. De-mouzon, O. Ishihara, R. Mansour et al., International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, Fertil Steril, vol.92, issue.5, pp.1520-1524, 2009.

F. Zegers-hochschild, G. D. Adamson, J. De-mouzon, O. Ishihara, R. Mansour et al., The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, Hum Reprod, vol.24, issue.11, pp.2683-2687, 2009.

F. Zegers-hochschild, G. D. Adamson, S. Dyer, C. Racowsky, J. De-mouzon et al., The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, vol.108, pp.393-406, 2017.

F. Zegers-hochschild, G. D. Adamson, S. Dyer, C. Racowsky, J. De-mouzon et al., The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, vol.32, pp.1786-1801, 2017.

H. Zhang, X. Xuan, S. Yang, X. Li, C. Xu et al., Selection of viable human spermatozoa with low levels of DNA fragmentation from an immotile population using density gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting, Andrologia, vol.50, issue.1, 2018.

J. Zhu, H. Jiang, R. B. He, H. Q. Yin, C. L. Wang et al., Association between etiologic factors in infertile couples and fertilization failure in conventional in vitro fertilization cycles, Andrology, vol.3, issue.4, pp.717-722, 2015.

N. Ziarati, M. Tavalaee, M. Bahadorani, and M. H. Nasr-esfahani, Clinical outcomes of magnetic activated sperm sorting in infertile men candidate for ICSI, Hum Fertil (Camb, pp.1-8, 2018.

S. Ziebe, A. Loft, J. H. Petersen, A. G. Andersen, S. Lindenberg et al.,

. Andersen, Embryo quality and developmental potential is compromised by age, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, vol.80, issue.2, pp.169-174, 2001.

A. Zini, R. Bielecki, D. Phang, and M. T. Zenzes, Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men, Fertility and Sterility, vol.75, issue.4, pp.674-677, 2001.

A. Zini, R. Bielecki, D. Phang, and M. T. Zenzes, Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men, Fertil Steril, vol.75, issue.4, pp.674-677, 2001.

A. Ziyyat and A. Lefevre, Differential gene expression in pre-implantation embryos from mouse oocytes injected with round spermatids or spermatozoa, Hum Reprod, vol.16, issue.7, pp.1449-1456, 2001.