, Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. A report of a Task Group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, REFERENCES, vol.24, issue.1-3, pp.1-482, 1994.

, Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 5. Compilation of ingestion and inhalation dose coefficients, Ann ICRP, vol.26, issue.1, pp.1-91

, Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers replacement of ICRP publication 54, i-x, vol.27, pp.1-161

. U. Toxicological-profile-for-uranium, Agences for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

, Depleted Uranium: Sources, Exposure and Health Effects. Switzerland, World Health Organisation

, Doses to the embryo and fetus from intakes of radionuclides by the mother. A report of The International Commission on Radiological Protection, Ann ICRP, vol.31, issue.1-3, pp.19-515

, Human alimentary tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 100. A report of The International Commission on Radiological Protection, Ann ICRP, vol.36, issue.1-2, pp.25-327

S. Adler and H. G. Preuss, Interrelationships between citrate metabolism, ammoniagenesis, and gluconeogenesis in renal cortex in vitro, J Lab Clin Med, vol.79, issue.4, pp.505-520, 1972.

E. Ansoborlo and O. Prat, Actinide speciation in relation to biological processes, Biochimie, vol.88, issue.11, pp.1605-1623, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930725

D. Appenroth and A. Lupp, Temporary warm ischaemia, 5/6 nephrectomy and single uranyl nitrate administration--comparison of three models intended to cause renal fibrosis in rats, Exp Toxicol Pathol, vol.53, issue.4, pp.316-340, 2001.

D. P. Arfsten and K. R. Still, A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development, Toxicol Ind Health, vol.17, issue.5-10, pp.180-91, 2001.

P. S. Avasthi and A. P. Evan, Glomerular endothelial cells in uranyl nitrateinduced acute renal failure in rats, J Clin Invest, vol.65, issue.1, pp.121-128, 1980.

R. Bacallao and L. G. Fine, Molecular events in the organization of renal tubular epithelium: from nephrogenesis to regeneration, Am J Physiol, vol.257, issue.6, pp.913-937, 1989.

A. A. Banday and S. Priyamvada, Effect of uranyl nitrate on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and brush border membrane in different kidney tissues, Food Chem Toxicol, vol.46, issue.6, pp.2080-2088, 2008.

T. B. Barnett and R. G. Metcalf, The pathological anatomy of uranium poisoning. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Uranium Compounds. C. Voetling and H. C. Hodge, vol.1, pp.207-236, 1949.

G. Baverel and M. Bonnard, Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in isolated renal tubules of normal dogs, Kidney Int, vol.14, issue.6, pp.567-75, 1978.

G. Baverel and M. Bonnard, Metabolic fate of lactate and pyruvate in isolated human renal tubules, J Urol Nephrol, vol.84, issue.12, pp.889-90, 1978.

G. Baverel and M. Bonnard, Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in isolated human kidney tubules, FEBS Lett, vol.101, issue.2, pp.282-288, 1979.

G. Baverel and A. Conjard, Carbon 13 NMR spectroscopy: a powerful tool for studying renal metabolism, Biochimie, vol.85, issue.9, pp.863-71, 2003.

M. Belles and V. Linares, Melatonin reduces uranium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, J Pineal Res, vol.43, issue.1, pp.87-95, 2007.

M. P. Benoy and K. A. Elliott, The metabolism of lactic and pyruvic acids in normal and tumour tissues: Synthesis of carbohydrate, Biochem J, vol.31, issue.8, pp.1268-75, 1937.

H. U. Bergmeyer and E. Bernt, Lactate dehydrogenase: UV assay with pyruvate and NADH, Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. H. U. Bergmeyer, vol.2, pp.574-579, 1974.

H. Berradi and J. M. Bertho, Renal anemia induced by chronic ingestion of depleted uranium in rats, Toxicol Sci, vol.103, issue.2, pp.397-408, 2008.

J. P. Berry, The role of lysosomes in the selective concentration of mineral elements. A microanalytical study, Cell Mol Biol, vol.42, issue.3, pp.395-411, 1996.

J. P. Berry and L. Zhang, Role of alveolar macrophage lysosomes in metal detoxification, Microsc Res Tech, vol.36, issue.4, pp.313-336, 1997.

R. C. Blantz, The mechanism of acute renal failure after uranyl nitrate, J Clin Invest, vol.55, issue.3, pp.621-656, 1975.

A. Bleise and P. R. Danesi, Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview, J Environ Radioact, vol.64, issue.2-3, pp.93-112, 2003.

J. D. Boice, W. L. Jr, and . Bigbee, Cancer incidence in municipalities near two former nuclear materials processing facilities in Pennsylvania, Health Phys, vol.85, issue.6, pp.678-90, 2003.

J. D. Boice, S. S. Jr, and . Cohen, Mortality among residents of Uravan, Colorado who lived near a uranium mill, 1936-84, J Radiol Prot, vol.27, issue.3, pp.299-319, 2007.

J. D. Boice, S. S. Jr, and . Cohen, A cohort study of uranium millers and miners of Grants, J Radiol Prot, vol.28, issue.3, pp.303-328, 1979.

J. P. Bolton and C. R. Foster, Battlefield use of depleted uranium and the health of veterans, J R Army Med Corps, vol.148, issue.3, pp.221-230, 2002.

H. R. Brady and B. C. Kone, Early effects of uranyl nitrate on respiration and K+ transport in rabbit proximal tubule, Kidney Int, vol.36, issue.1, pp.27-34, 1989.

H. Braunlich and C. Fleck, Urinary enzyme excretion as a indicator of nephrotoxicity in dependence on age, Exp Pathol, vol.20, issue.3, pp.182-189, 1981.

D. Brugge and J. L. De-lemos, Exposure pathways and health effects associated with chemical and radiological toxicity of natural uranium: a review, Rev Environ Health, vol.20, issue.3, pp.177-93, 2005.

R. E. Bulger, Renal damage caused by heavy metals, Toxicol Pathol, vol.14, issue.1, pp.58-65, 1986.

H. B. Burch and R. G. Narins, Distribution along the rat nephron of three enzymes of gluconeogenesis in acidosis and starvation, Am J Physiol, vol.235, issue.3, pp.246-53, 1978.

P. Canioni and J. R. Alger, Natural abundance Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver and adipose tissue of the living rat, Biochemistry, vol.22, issue.21, pp.4974-80, 1983.

I. G. Canu and E. D. Ellis, Cancer risk in nuclear workers occupationally exposed to uranium-emphasis on internal exposure, Health Phys, vol.94, issue.1, pp.1-17, 2008.

E. Carafoli and R. Tiozzo, A study of Ca 2+ metabolism in kidney mitochondria during acute uranium intoxication, Lab Invest, vol.25, issue.6, pp.516-543, 1971.

M. Carriere and L. Avoscan, Influence of uranium speciation on normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cell cytotoxicity, Chem Res Toxicol, vol.17, issue.3, pp.446-52, 2004.

M. Carriere and O. Proux, Transmission electron microscopic and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic investigation of U repartition and speciation after accumulation in renal cells, J Biol Inorg Chem, vol.13, issue.5, pp.655-62, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930702

M. Carriere and C. Thiebault, Citrate does not change uranium chemical speciation in cell culture medium but increases its toxicity and accumulation in NRK-52E cells, Chem Res Toxicol, vol.19, issue.12, pp.1637-1679, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930723

M. F. Chauvin and F. Megnin-chanet, The rabbit kidney tubule utilizes glucose for glutamine synthesis. A 13C NMR study, J Biol Chem, vol.269, issue.42, pp.26025-26058, 1994.

M. F. Chauvin and F. Megnin-chanet, The rabbit kidney tubule simultaneously degrades and synthesizes glutamate. A 13C NMR study, J Biol Chem, vol.272, issue.8, pp.4705-4721, 1997.

J. Chen and D. P. Meyerhof, Model results of kidney burdens from uranium intakes, Health Phys, vol.86, issue.1, pp.3-11, 2004.

S. Chevari and D. Likhner, Med Radiol (Mosk), vol.13, issue.8, pp.53-60, 1968.

J. J. Cohen, Is the function of the renal papilla coupled exclusively to an anaerobic pattern of metabolism?, Am J Physiol, vol.236, issue.5, pp.423-456, 1979.

B. R. Cole and J. G. Boylan, Progressive enzyme changes within anatomically defined segments of rabbit nephron: demonstration with a new technique, J Histochem Cytochem, vol.36, issue.3, pp.285-294, 1988.

A. Conjard and V. Brun, Effect of starvation on glutamine ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis in isolated mouse kidney tubules, Biochem J, vol.368, pp.301-309, 2002.

A. Conjard and O. Komaty, Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the mouse kidney: a novel mechanism of adaptation to metabolic acidosis, J Biol Chem, vol.278, issue.40, pp.38159-66, 2003.

J. R. Cooper and G. N. Stradling, The behaviour of uranium-233 oxide and uranyl-233 nitrate in rats, Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med, vol.41, issue.4, pp.421-454, 1982.

E. Craft and A. Abu-qare, Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects, J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, vol.7, issue.4, pp.297-317, 2004.

N. P. Curthoys and O. H. Lowry, The distribution of glutaminase isoenzymes in the various structures of the nephron in normal, acidotic, and alkalotic rat kidney, J Biol Chem, vol.248, issue.1, pp.162-170, 1973.

C. De-stefano and A. Gianguzza, Interaction of UO2(2+) with ATP in aqueous ionic media, Biophys Chem, vol.117, issue.2, pp.147-53, 2005.

G. L. Diamond and P. E. Morrow, Reversible uranyl fluoride nephrotoxicity in the Long Evans rat, Fundam Appl Toxicol, vol.13, issue.1, pp.65-78, 1989.

E. C. Dickson, California Academy of Medicine: Chronic Uranium Nephritis in Animals, Cal State J Med, vol.8, issue.4, p.140, 1910.

E. C. Dickson, Experimental Nephritis, Cal State J Med, vol.8, issue.11, pp.359-62, 1910.

J. L. Domingo, Metal-induced developmental toxicity in mammals: a review, J Toxicol Environ Health, vol.42, issue.2, pp.123-164, 1994.

J. L. Domingo, Reproductive and developmental toxicity of natural and depleted uranium: a review, Reprod Toxicol, vol.15, issue.6, pp.603-612, 2001.

J. L. Domingo and J. M. Llobet, Acute toxicity of uranium in rats and mice, Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, vol.39, issue.1, pp.168-74, 1987.

M. Donnadieu-claraz and M. Bonnehorgne, Chronic exposure to uranium leads to iron accumulation in rat kidney cells, Radiat Res, vol.167, issue.4, pp.454-64, 2007.

I. Dublineau and S. Grison, Absorption, accumulation and biological effects of depleted uranium in Peyer's patches of rats, Toxicology, vol.227, issue.3, pp.227-266, 2006.

L. Dubourg and C. Michoudet, Human kidney tubules detoxify chloroacetaldehyde, a presumed nephrotoxic metabolite of ifosfamide, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.12, issue.8, pp.1615-1638, 2001.

S. Dugelay and M. F. Chauvin, Acetate stimulates flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in rabbit renal proximal tubules synthesizing glutamine from alanine: a 13C NMR study, Biochem J 342 Pt, vol.3, pp.555-66, 1999.

A. F. Eidson, The effect of solubility on inhaled uranium compound clearance: a review, Health Phys, vol.67, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1994.

U. Eismann and M. Sommer, Fibronectin splice variants--prognostic markers for the stage of renal interstitial fibrosis in the rat, Nephron, vol.92, issue.2, pp.379-88, 2002.

J. Emsley, The elements. 1.Chemical elements, chemical compounds-Technical data-For schools I.Title 540'.212. United States, 1989.

T. Finkel, Redox-dependent signal transduction, FEBS Lett, vol.476, issue.1-2, pp.52-56, 2000.

T. Finkel and N. J. Holbrook, Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing, Nature, vol.408, issue.6809, pp.239-286, 2000.

V. A. Fitsanakis and K. M. Erikson, Brain accumulation of depleted uranium in rats following 3-or 6-month treatment with implanted depleted uranium pellets, Biol Trace Elem Res, vol.111, issue.1-3, pp.185-97, 2006.

W. Flamenbaum and R. J. Hamburger, The initiation phase of experimental acute renal failure: an evaluation of uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in the rat, Kidney Int Suppl, vol.6, pp.115-137, 1976.

M. Fleck and D. Appenroth, Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF): II. Ultrasound follow up study of single uranyl nitrate administration causing renal dysfunction in rats--comparison with histologic and functional renal parameters, Exp Toxicol Pathol, vol.54, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2002.

D. Fouque and S. Dugelay, Alanine metabolism in isolated human kidney tubules--Use of a mathematical model, Eur J Biochem, vol.236, issue.1, pp.128-165, 1996.

Y. Fujigaki and T. Goto, Kinetics and characterization of initially regenerating proximal tubules in S3 segment in response to various degrees of acute tubular injury, Nephrol Dial Transplant, vol.21, issue.1, pp.41-50, 2006.

Y. Fujigaki and Y. Muranaka, Transient myofibroblast differentiation of interstitial fibroblastic cells relevant to tubular dilatation in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats, Virchows Arch, vol.446, issue.2, pp.164-76, 2005.

T. Fujimoto and Y. Fujigaki, Important role for fibronectin-EIIIA during renal tubular repair and cellular recovery in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure of rats, Virchows Arch, vol.443, issue.2, pp.194-205, 2003.

S. Fukuda and M. Ikeda, Clinical diagnostic indicators of renal and bone damage in rats intramuscularly injected with depleted uranium, Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol.118, issue.3, pp.307-321, 2006.

P. Galle, Toxiques nucléaires, 1997.

F. N. Ghadially and J. M. Lalonde, Uraniosomes produced in cultured rabbit kidney cells by uranyl acetate, Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol, vol.39, issue.1, pp.21-30, 1982.

S. Ghosh and A. Kumar, Acute exposure of uranyl nitrate causes lipid peroxidation and histopathological damage in brain and bone of Wistar rat, J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, vol.26, issue.4, pp.255-61, 2007.

A. P. Gilman and D. C. Villeneuve, Uranyl nitrate: 28-day and 91-day toxicity studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat, Toxicol Sci, vol.41, issue.1, pp.117-145, 1998.

A. D. Goodman and R. E. Fuisz, Renal gluconeogenesis in acidosis, alkalosis, and potassium deficiency: its possible role in regulation of renal ammonia production, J Clin Invest, vol.45, issue.4, pp.612-621, 1966.

W. E. Goorno and F. C. Rector, Relation of renal gluconeogenesis to ammonia production in the dog and rat, Am J Physiol, vol.213, issue.4, pp.969-74, 1967.

O. W. Griffith, Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis, vol.8, pp.521-529, 1985.

W. G. Guder and B. D. Ross, Enzyme distribution along the nephron, Kidney Int, vol.26, issue.2, pp.101-112, 1984.

W. G. Guder and U. Schmidt, The localization of gluconeogenesis in rat nephron. Determination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in microdissected tubules, Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, vol.355, issue.3, pp.273-281, 1974.

W. G. Guder and U. Schmidt, Substrate and oxygen dependence of renal metabolism, Kidney Int Suppl, vol.6, pp.32-40, 1976.

Y. Gueguen and M. Souidi, Short-term hepatic effects of depleted uranium on xenobiotic and bile acid metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in the rat, Arch Toxicol, vol.80, issue.4, pp.187-95, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00405239

M. B. Guglielmotti and A. M. Ubios, Effects of acute intoxication with uranyl nitrate on bone formation, Experientia, vol.40, issue.5, pp.474-480, 1984.

B. Guidet and S. V. Shah, Enhanced in vivo H2O2 generation by rat kidney in glycerol-induced renal failure, Am J Physiol, vol.257, pp.440-445, 1989.

A. Halestrap, Biochemistry: a pore way to die, Nature, vol.434, issue.7033, pp.578-587, 2005.

D. P. Haley, Morphologic changes in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in saline-and water-drinking rats, Lab Invest, vol.46, issue.2, pp.196-208, 1982.

D. P. Haley and R. E. Bulger, The long-term effects of uranyl nitrate on the structure and function of the rat kidney, Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol, vol.41, issue.1-2, pp.181-92, 1982.

G. H. Hirsch, Differential effects of nephrotoxic agents on renal transport and metabolism by use of in vitro techniques, Environ Health Perspect, vol.15, pp.89-99, 1976.

O. W. Horthwarth and D. M. Lilley, Carbon-13-NMR of peptides and proteins, Prog. NMR Spectrosc, vol.12, issue.1, pp.1-40, 1978.

P. Houpert and S. Frelon, Parental exposure to enriched uranium induced delayed hyperactivity in rat offspring, Neurotoxicology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.108-121, 2007.

P. Houpert and S. Frelon, Heterogeneous accumulation of uranium in the brain of rats, Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol.127, issue.1-4, pp.86-95, 2007.

B. D. Humphreys and J. V. Bonventre, The contribution of adult stem cells to renal repair, Nephrol Ther, vol.3, issue.1, pp.3-10, 2007.

B. D. Humphreys and J. D. Duffield, Renal stem cells in recovery from acute kidney injury, Minerva Urol Nefrol, vol.58, issue.1, pp.13-21, 2006.

A. Jadon and R. Mathur, Gametogenic count and histopathological effect of thorium nitrate and uranyl nitrate on mice testes, Andrologia, vol.15, issue.1, pp.40-43, 1983.

R. L. Kathren and R. K. Burklin, Acute chemical toxicity of uranium, Health Phys, vol.94, issue.2, pp.170-179, 2008.

A. Kato and A. Hishida, Effects of oxygen free radical scavengers on uranium-induced acute renal failure in rats, Free Radic Biol Med, vol.16, issue.6, pp.855-864, 1994.

K. Kida and T. Nishio, Gluconeogenesis in the kidney in vivo in fed rats. Circadian change and substrate specificity, J Biochem, vol.91, issue.3, pp.755-60, 1982.

K. Kim and K. M. Lee, Adult Stem Cell-like Tubular Cells Reside in the Corticomedullary Junction of the Kidney, Int J Clin Exp Pathol, vol.1, issue.3, pp.232-273, 2008.

J. G. Kleinman and J. S. Mcneil, Uranyl nitrate acute renal failure in the dog: early changes in renal function and haemodynamics, Clin Sci Mol Med, vol.48, issue.1, pp.9-16, 1975.

A. Koban and G. Bernhard, Uranium(VI) complexes with phospholipid model compounds--a laser spectroscopic study, J Inorg Biochem, vol.101, issue.5, pp.750-757, 2007.

H. A. Krebs, Renal Gluconeogenesis, Adv Enzyme Regul, vol.1, pp.385-400, 1963.

H. A. Krebs and D. A. Bennett, Renal gluconeogenesis. The effect of diet on the gluconeogenic capacity of rat-kidney-cortex slices, Biochem J, vol.86, pp.22-29, 1963.

H. A. Krebs and B. M. Notton, Gluconeogenesis in mouse-liver slices, Biochem J, vol.101, issue.3, pp.607-617, 1966.

H. A. Krebs and R. N. Speake, Acceleration of Renal Gluconeogenesis by Ketone Bodies and Fatty Acids, Biochem J, vol.94, pp.712-732, 1965.

H. A. Krebs and T. Yoshida, Renal Gluconeogenesis. 2. The Gluconeogenic Capacity of the Kidney Cortex of Various Species, Biochem J, vol.89, pp.398-400, 1963.

P. Kurttio and A. Auvinen, Renal effects of uranium in drinking water, Environ Health Perspect, vol.110, issue.4, pp.337-379, 2002.

P. Kurttio and A. Harmoinen, Kidney toxicity of ingested uranium from drinking water, Am J Kidney Dis, vol.47, issue.6, pp.972-82, 2006.

P. Kurttio and H. Komulainen, Bone as a possible target of chemical toxicity of natural uranium in drinking water, Environ Health Perspect, vol.113, issue.1, pp.68-72, 2005.

P. Kurttio and L. Salonen, Well water radioactivity and risk of cancers of the urinary organs, Environ Res, vol.102, issue.3, pp.333-341, 2006.

B. L'azou and M. H. Henge-napoli, Effects of cadmium and uranium on some in vitro renal targets, Cell Biol Toxicol, vol.18, issue.5, pp.329-369, 2002.

B. R. Landau, Gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism in rat kidney, in vitro, Endocrinology, vol.67, pp.744-51, 1960.

J. B. Lee and V. K. Vance, Metabolism of C14-labeled substrates by rabbit kidney cortex and medulla, Am J Physiol, vol.203, pp.27-36, 1962.

R. W. Leggett, The behavior and chemical toxicity of U in the kidney: a reassessment, Health Phys, vol.57, issue.3, pp.365-83, 1989.

R. W. Leggett, Basis for the ICRP's age-specific biokinetic model for uranium, Health Phys, vol.67, issue.6, pp.589-610, 1994.

R. W. Leggett and J. D. Harrison, Fractional absorption of ingested uranium in humans, Health Phys, vol.68, issue.4, pp.484-98, 1995.

R. W. Leggett and T. C. Pellmar, The biokinetics of uranium migrating from embedded DU fragments, J Environ Radioact, vol.64, issue.2-3, pp.205-230, 2003.

V. Lemercier and X. Millot, Study of uranium transfer across the blood-brain barrier, Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol.105, issue.1-4, pp.243-248, 2003.

S. S. Leonard and G. K. Harris, Metal-induced oxidative stress and signal transduction, Free Radic Biol Med, vol.37, issue.12, pp.1921-1963, 2004.

W. B. Li and P. Roth, Biokinetic modeling of uranium in man after injection and ingestion, Radiat Environ Biophys, vol.44, issue.1, pp.29-40, 2005.

I. K. Lim and K. H. Lee, Uranyl nitrate induced polyuric acute tubular necrosis in rats, Yonsei Med J, vol.28, issue.1, pp.38-48, 1987.

J. H. Lin and T. H. Lin, Renal handling of drugs in renal failure. I: Differential effects of uranyl nitrate-and glycerol-induced acute renal failure on renal excretion of TEAB and PAH in rats, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.246, issue.3, pp.896-901, 1988.

V. Linares and M. L. Albina, Combined action of uranium and stress in the rat. II. Effects on male reproduction, Toxicol Lett, vol.158, issue.3, pp.186-95, 2005.

V. Linares and M. Belles, Assessment of the pro-oxidant activity of uranium in kidney and testis of rats, Toxicol Lett, vol.167, issue.2, pp.152-61, 2006.

A. F. Malenchenko and N. A. Barkun, Effect of uranium on the induction and course of experimental autoimmune orchitis and thyroiditis, J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol, vol.22, issue.3, pp.268-77, 1978.

J. D. Malhotra and R. J. Kaufman, Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a vicious cycle or a double-edged sword?, Antioxid Redox Signal, vol.9, issue.12, pp.2277-93, 2007.

Y. Mao and M. Desmeules, Inorganic components of drinking water and microalbuminuria, Environ Res, vol.71, issue.2, pp.135-175, 1995.

A. C. Marshall, Gulf war depleted uranium risks, J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, vol.18, issue.1, pp.95-108, 2008.

A. B. Martinez and P. M. Mandalunis, Renal function in mice poisoned with oral uranium and treated with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate (EHBP), Health Phys, vol.85, issue.3, pp.343-350, 2003.

D. E. Mcclain and K. A. Benson, Biological effects of embedded depleted uranium (DU): summary of armed forces radiobiology research institute research, Sci Total Environ, vol.274, issue.1-3, pp.115-123, 2001.

F. T. Mcdermott and J. Nayman, The effect of acute renal failure upon wound healing: histological and autoradiographic studies in the mouse, Ann Surg, vol.168, issue.1, pp.142-148, 1968.

M. A. Mcdiarmid and J. P. Keogh, Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans, Environ Res, vol.82, issue.2, pp.168-80, 2000.

C. K. Mcdonald-taylor and A. Singh, Uranyl nitrate-induced proximal tubule alterations in rabbits: a quantitative analysis, Toxicol Pathol, vol.25, issue.4, pp.381-390, 1997.

G. Michal and H. U. Bergmeyer, Coenzyme A: Catalytic method with phosphate acetyltransferase, Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. H. U. Bergmeyer. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie, pp.169-177, 1985.

A. C. Miller and D. Mcclain, A review of depleted uranium biological effects: in vitro and in vivo studies, Rev Environ Health, vol.22, issue.1, pp.75-89, 2007.

B. A. Miller, The role of TRP channels in oxidative stress-induced cell death, J Membr Biol, vol.209, issue.1, pp.31-41, 2006.

H. Mirto and M. H. Henge-napoli, Intracellular behaviour of uranium(VI) on renal epithelial cell in culture (LLC-PK1): influence of uranium speciation, Toxicol Lett, vol.104, issue.3, pp.249-56, 1999.

M. Monleau and C. Bussy, Bioaccumulation and behavioural effects of depleted uranium in rats exposed to repeated inhalations, Neurosci Lett, vol.390, issue.1, pp.31-37, 2005.

K. J. Morris and P. Khanna, Long-term clearance of inhaled UO2 particles from the pulmonary region of the rat, Health Phys, vol.58, issue.4, pp.477-85, 1990.

C. B. Mueller and A. D. Mason, The pathogenesis of acute renal failure following incompatible blood transfusion; an experimental study, Am J Clin Pathol, vol.26, issue.7, pp.705-725, 1956.

D. Muller and P. Houpert, Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters and of the phosphate complexes of uranyl in the cytotoxicity of uranium in LLC-PK1 cells, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, vol.214, issue.2, pp.166-77, 2006.

D. S. Muller and P. Houpert, Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters and absorptive endocytosis in the uptake of low concentrations of uranium and its toxicity at higher concentrations in LLC-PK1 cells, Toxicol Sci, vol.101, issue.2, pp.254-62, 2008.

H. Murer and N. Hernando, Proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption: molecular mechanisms, Physiol Rev, vol.80, issue.4, pp.1373-409, 2000.

B. Nemery, Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract, Eur Respir J, vol.3, issue.2, pp.202-221, 1990.

W. F. Neuman, The distribution and excretion of uranium. Pharmacology and Toxicology of Uranium Compounds. C. Voetling and H. C. Hodge, McGraw-Hill Company, vol.1, 1949.

D. D. Newmeyer and S. Ferguson-miller, Mitochondria: releasing power for life and unleashing the machineries of death, Cell, vol.112, issue.4, pp.481-90, 2003.

M. Pasanen and S. Lang, Effects of simulated nuclear fuel particles on the histopathology and CYP enzymes in the rat lung and liver, Environ Res, vol.70, issue.2, pp.126-159, 1995.

L. Pasquale and A. Winiski, An experimental test of new theoretical models for the electrokinetic properties of biological membranes. The effect of UO2++ and tetracaine on the electrophoretic mobility of bilayer membranes and human erythrocytes, J Gen Physiol, vol.88, issue.6, pp.697-718, 1986.

J. V. Passonneau and W. O. Lowry, Enzymatic Analysis: A Practicle Guide, 1993.

N. Pavlakis and C. A. Pollock, Deliberate overdose of uranium: toxicity and treatment, Nephron, vol.72, issue.2, pp.313-320, 1996.

T. C. Pellmar and D. O. Keyser, Electrophysiological changes in hippocampal slices isolated from rats embedded with depleted uranium fragments, Neurotoxicology, vol.20, issue.5, pp.785-92, 1999.

O. W. Peterson and F. B. Gabbai, A single nephron model of acute tubular injury: role of tubuloglomerular feedback, Kidney Int, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1037-1081, 1989.

F. Petitot and A. M. Moreels, In vitro evaluation of percutaneous diffusion of uranyl nitrate through intact or excoriated skin of rat and pig, Can J Physiol Pharmacol, vol.82, issue.2, pp.133-142, 2004.

J. Pourahmad and M. Ghashang, A search for cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in depleted uranium (DU) toxicity, Environ Toxicol, vol.21, issue.4, pp.349-54, 2006.

O. Prat and F. Berenguer, Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of human renal HEK293 cells to uranium toxicity, Proteomics, vol.5, issue.1, pp.297-306, 2005.

C. E. Ruegg and L. J. Mandel, Bulk isolation of renal PCT and PST. I. Glucosedependent metabolic differences, Am J Physiol, vol.259, issue.1, pp.164-75, 1990.

J. J. Russell and R. L. Kathren, Uranium deposition and retention in a USTUR whole body case, Health Phys, vol.86, issue.3, pp.273-84, 2004.

R. Salto and J. Oliver, Distribution of pyruvate carboxylase along the rat nephron: an immunological and enzymatic study, Kidney Int, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1162-1169, 1991.

D. J. Sanchez and M. Belles, Nephrotoxicity of simultaneous exposure to mercury and uranium in comparison to individual effects of these metals in rats, Biol Trace Elem Res, vol.84, issue.1-3, pp.139-54, 2001.

K. Sano and Y. Fujigaki, Role of apoptosis in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure and acquired resistance to uranyl acetate, Kidney Int, vol.57, issue.4, pp.1560-70, 2000.

H. Schmid and A. Mall, Unchanged glycolytic capacity in rat kidney under conditions of stimulated gluconeogenesis. Determination of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in microdissected nephron segments of fasted and acidotic animals, Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, vol.361, issue.6, pp.819-846, 1980.

A. J. Shaka and J. Keeler, Evaluation of a new broadband decoupling sequence: WALTZ-16, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.52, pp.335-338, 1983.

S. C. Sheppard and M. I. Sheppard, Revision and meta-analysis of selected biosphere parameter values for chlorine, iodine, neptunium, radium, radon and uranium, J Environ Radioact, vol.89, issue.2, pp.115-152, 2006.

D. P. Simpson, Pathways of glutamine and organic acid metabolism in renal cortex in chronic metabolic acidosis, J Clin Invest, vol.51, issue.8, pp.1969-78, 1972.

M. Souidi and Y. Gueguen, In vivo effects of chronic contamination with depleted uranium on CYP3A and associated nuclear receptors PXR and CAR in the rat, Toxicology, vol.214, issue.1-2, pp.113-135, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00405243

E. J. Squires and D. E. Hall, Arteriovenous differences for amino acids and lactate across kidneys of normal and acidotic rats, Biochem J, vol.160, issue.1, pp.125-133, 1976.

V. Stefanovic and M. A. Ivic, Calcium and phosphate metabolism in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure, Arch Int Physiol Biochim, vol.95, issue.3, pp.223-231, 1987.

J. H. Stein and J. Gottschall, Pathophysiology of a nephrotoxic model of acute renal failure, Kidney Int, vol.8, issue.1, pp.27-41, 1975.

J. H. Stein and M. D. Lifschitz, Current concepts on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure, Am J Physiol, vol.234, issue.3, pp.171-81, 1978.

W. Stevens and F. W. Bruenger, The distribution and retention of hexavalent 233U in the beagle, Radiat Res, vol.83, issue.1, pp.109-135, 1980.

S. J. Stohs and D. Bagchi, Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions, Free Radic Biol Med, vol.18, issue.2, pp.321-357, 1995.

G. N. Stradling and J. W. Stather, Metabolism of uranium in the rat after inhalation of two industrial forms of ore concentrate: the implications for occupational exposure, Hum Toxicol, vol.6, issue.5, pp.385-93, 1987.

G. N. Stradling and J. W. Stather, The metabolic behaviour of uranium octoxide bearing residues after their deposition in the rat lung: the implications for occupational exposure, Exp Pathol, vol.37, issue.1-4, pp.76-82, 1989.

N. Stradling and A. Hodgson, Industrial Uranium Compounds: Exposure Limits, Assessment of Intake and Toxicity after Inhalation, p.119, 2002.

M. Stumvoll and C. Meyer, Renal glucose production and utilization: new aspects in humans, Diabetologia, vol.40, issue.7, pp.749-57, 1997.

M. Sudo and N. Honda, Renal hemodynamics in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure of rabbits, Kidney Int, vol.11, issue.1, pp.35-43, 1977.

D. F. Sun and Y. Fujigaki, Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits regenerative repair in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure by reduced interstitial cellular response, Am J Pathol, vol.161, issue.1, pp.217-244, 2002.

D. F. Sun and Y. Fujigaki, Relation of distal nephron changes to proximal tubular damage in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats, Am J Nephrol, vol.22, issue.5-6, pp.405-421, 2002.

D. F. Sun and Y. Fujigaki, Possible involvement of myofibroblasts in cellular recovery of uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats, Am J Pathol, vol.157, issue.4, pp.1321-1356, 2000.

M. Sutton and S. R. Burastero, Uranium(VI) solubility and speciation in simulated elemental human biological fluids, Chem Res Toxicol, vol.17, issue.11, pp.1468-80, 2004.

N. Tajima and M. Soma, Quantitative evaluation of effect of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of panipenem in rats, Biol Pharm Bull, vol.28, issue.11, pp.2170-2172, 2005.

M. Taulan and F. Paquet, Comprehensive analysis of the renal transcriptional response to acute uranyl nitrate exposure, BMC Genomics, vol.7, issue.2, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00069847

M. Taulan and F. Paquet, Renal toxicogenomic response to chronic uranyl nitrate insult in mice, Environ Health Perspect, vol.112, issue.16, pp.1628-1663, 2004.

D. M. Taylor and S. K. Taylor, Environmental uranium and human health, Rev Environ Health, vol.12, issue.3, pp.147-57, 1997.

C. T. Teng, Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in rat kidney slices. II. Effect of alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on glucose uptake and glucose formation, Arch Biochem Biophys, vol.48, issue.2, pp.415-438, 1954.

R. Thadhani and M. Pascual, Acute renal failure, N Engl J Med, vol.334, issue.22, pp.1448-60, 1996.

C. Thiebault and M. Carriere, Uranium induces apoptosis and is genotoxic to normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cells, Toxicol Sci, vol.98, issue.2, pp.479-87, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930717

E. Tissandie and Y. Gueguen, In vivo effects of chronic contamination with depleted uranium on vitamin D3 metabolism in rat, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.1770, issue.2, pp.266-72, 2007.

F. G. Toback, Regeneration after acute tubular necrosis, Kidney Int, vol.41, issue.1, pp.226-272, 1992.

J. K. Tolson and S. M. Roberts, Heat shock proteins and acquired resistance to uranium nephrotoxicity, Toxicology, vol.206, issue.1, pp.59-73, 2005.

A. Vandewalle and G. Wirthensohn, Distribution of hexokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase along the rabbit nephron, Am J Physiol, vol.240, issue.6, pp.492-500, 1981.

P. Vesterbacka and I. Makelainen, Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland, Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol.113, issue.2, pp.223-255, 2005.

C. Vidaud and A. Dedieu, Screening of human serum proteins for uranium binding, Chem Res Toxicol, vol.18, issue.6, pp.946-53, 2005.

C. Vidaud and S. Gourion-arsiquaud, Structural consequences of binding of UO2(2+) to apotransferrin: can this protein account for entry of uranium into human cells?, Biochemistry, vol.46, issue.8, pp.2215-2241, 2007.

A. Vittorelli and C. Gauthier, Characteristics of glutamine metabolism in human precision-cut kidney slices: a 13C-NMR study, Biochem J, vol.387, pp.825-859, 2005.

J. H. Wills, Characteristics of uranium poisoning. Pharmacology and Toxicology of uranium compounds. C. Voegtlin and H. C. Hodge, vol.1, pp.237-280, 1949.

P. A. Wright and M. A. Knepper, Phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity in rat renal cortical and medullary tubule segments, Am J Physiol, vol.259, issue.6, pp.961-70, 1990.

P. J. Wright and D. T. Plummer, The use of urinary enzyme measurements to detect renal damage caused by nephrotoxic compounds, Biochem Pharmacol, vol.23, issue.1, pp.65-73, 1974.

R. A. Zager and A. C. Johnson, Parenteral iron nephrotoxicity: potential mechanisms and consequences, Kidney Int, vol.66, issue.1, pp.144-56, 2004.

R. K. Zalups and R. M. Gelein, Nephrotoxicity of uranyl fluoride in uninephrectomized and sham-operated rats, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, vol.94, issue.1, pp.11-22, 1988.

M. L. Zamora and B. L. Tracy, Chronic ingestion of uranium in drinking water: a study of kidney bioeffects in humans, Toxicol Sci, vol.43, issue.1, pp.68-77, 1998.

G. Zhu and X. Xiang, Renal dysfunction induced by long-term exposure to depleted uranium in rats, Arch Toxicol, 2008.

D. P. Arfsten, E. R. Wilfong, M. Y. Bekkedal, E. W. Johnson, S. M. Mcinturf et al., Evaluation of the effect of implanted depleted uranium (DU) on adult rat behavior and toxicological endpoints, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, vol.70, 1995.

, Toxicological Profile for Uranium. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ATSDR, 1999.

A. A. Banday, S. Priyamvada, N. Farooq, A. N. Yusufi, and F. Khan, Effect of uranyl nitrate on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and brush border membrane in different kidney tissues, Food Chem. Toxicol, vol.46, pp.2080-2088, 2008.

G. Baverel, M. Bonnard, and M. Pellet, Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in isolated human kidney tubules, FEBS Lett, vol.101, pp.282-286, 1979.

M. Belles, V. Linares, M. Luisa-albina, J. Sirvent, D. J. Sanchez et al., Melatonin reduces uranium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, J. Pineal. Res, vol.43, pp.87-95, 2007.

R. C. Blantz, The mechanism of acute renal failure after uranyl nitrate, J. Clin. Invest, vol.55, pp.621-635, 1975.

A. Bleise, P. R. Danesi, and W. Burkart, Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview, J. Environ. Radioact, vol.64, pp.93-112, 2003.

H. R. Brady, B. C. Kone, R. M. Brenner, and S. R. Gullans, Early effects of uranyl nitrate on respiration and K+ transport in rabbit proximal tubule, Kidney Int, vol.36, pp.27-34, 1989.

P. Canioni, J. R. Alger, and R. G. Shulman, Natural abundance Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver and adipose tissue of the living rat, Biochemistry, vol.22, pp.4974-4980, 1983.

M. F. Chauvin, F. Megnin-chanet, G. Martin, J. M. Lhoste, and G. Baverel, The rabbit kidney tubule utilizes glucose for glutamine synthesis. A 13C NMR study, J. Biol. Chem, vol.269, pp.26025-26033, 1994.

M. F. Chauvin, F. Megnin-chanet, G. Martin, J. Mispelter, and G. Baverel, The rabbit kidney tubule simultaneously degrades and synthesizes glutamate. A 13C NMR study, J. Biol. Chem, vol.272, pp.4705-4716, 1997.

J. Chen, D. P. Meyerhof, and B. L. Tracy, Model results of kidney burdens from uranium intakes, Health Phys, vol.86, pp.3-11, 2004.

A. Conjard, V. Brun, M. Martin, G. Baverel, and B. Ferrier, Effect of starvation on glutamine ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis in isolated mouse kidney tubules, Biochem. J, vol.368, pp.301-308, 2002.

E. Craft, A. Abu-qare, M. Flaherty, M. Garofolo, H. Rincavage et al., Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effects, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev, vol.7, pp.297-317, 2004.

C. De-stefano, A. Gianguzza, A. Pettignano, and S. Sammartano, Interaction of UO2 (2+) with ATP in aqueous ionic media, Biophys. Chem, vol.117, pp.147-153, 2005.

G. L. Diamond, P. E. Morrow, B. J. Panner, R. M. Gelein, and R. B. Baggs, Reversible uranyl fluoride nephrotoxicity in the Long Evans rat, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol, vol.13, pp.65-78, 1989.

S. Dugelay, M. F. Chauvin, F. Megnin-chanet, G. Martin, M. C. Lareal et al., Acetate stimulates flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in rabbit renal proximal tubules synthesizing glutamine from alanine: a 13C NMR study, Biochem. J, vol.342, pp.555-566, 1999.

M. Elhamri, M. Martin, B. Ferrier, and G. Baverel, Substrate uptake and utilization by the kidney of fed and starved rats in vivo, Ren. Physiol. Biochem, vol.16, pp.311-324, 1993.

M. Fleck, D. Appenroth, A. Malich, G. Stein, and C. Fleck, Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF): II. Ultrasound follow up study of single uranyl nitrate administration causing renal dysfunction in rats-comparison with histologic and functional renal parameters, Exp. Toxicol. Pathol, vol.54, pp.15-23, 2002.

D. Fouque, S. Dugelay, G. Martin, J. Combet, and G. Baverel, Alanine metabolism in isolated human kidney tubules-use of a mathematical model, Eur. J. Biochem, vol.236, pp.128-137, 1996.

F. N. Ghadially, J. M. Lalonde, and S. Yang-steppuhn, Uraniosomes produced in cultured rabbit kidney cells by uranyl acetate, Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol, vol.39, pp.21-30, 1982.

A. P. Gilman, D. C. Villeneuve, V. E. Secours, A. P. Yagminas, B. L. Tracy et al., Uranyl nitrate: 28-day and 91-day toxicity studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat, Toxicol. Sci, vol.41, pp.117-128, 1998.

D. P. Haley, Morphologic changes in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in saline-and water-drinking rats, Lab. Invest, vol.46, pp.196-208, 1982.

D. P. Haley, R. E. Bulger, and D. C. Dobyan, The long-term effects of uranyl nitrate on the structure and function of the rat kidney, Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol, vol.41, pp.181-192, 1982.

G. H. Hirsch, Differential effects of nephrotoxic agents on renal transport and metabolism by use of in vitro techniques, Environ. Health Perspect, vol.15, pp.89-99, 1976.

O. W. Horthwarth and D. M. Lilley, Carbon-13-NMR of peptides and proteins, Prog. NMR Spectrosc, vol.12, pp.1-40, 1978.

A. Kato, A. Hishida, and T. Nakajima, Effects of oxygen free radical scavengers on uranium-induced acute renal failure in rats. Free Radic, Biol. Med, vol.16, pp.855-859, 1994.

P. Krystek and R. Ritsema, Determination of uranium in urine-measurement of isotope ratios and quantification by use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, vol.374, pp.226-229, 2002.

B. L'azou, M. H. Henge-napoli, L. Minaro, H. Mirto, M. P. Barrouillet et al., Effects of cadmium and uranium on some in vitro renal targets, Cell Biol. Toxicol, vol.18, pp.329-340, 2002.

R. W. Leggett, The behavior and chemical toxicity of U in the kidney: a reassessment, Health Phys, vol.57, pp.365-383, 1989.

I. K. Lim, K. H. Lee, B. D. Han, J. J. Jang, and T. K. Yun, Uranyl nitrate induced polyuric acute tubular necrosis in rats, Yonsei Med. J, vol.28, pp.38-48, 1987.

V. Linares, M. L. Albina, M. Belles, E. Mayayo, D. J. Sanchez et al., Combined action of uranium and stress in the rat. II. Effects on male reproduction, Toxicol. Lett, vol.158, pp.186-195, 2005.

V. Linares, M. Belles, M. L. Albina, J. J. Sirvent, D. J. Sanchez et al., Assessment of the pro-oxidant activity of uranium in kidney and testis of rats, Toxicol. Lett, vol.167, pp.152-161, 2006.

A. B. Martinez, P. M. Mandalunis, C. B. Bozal, R. L. Cabrini, and A. M. Ubios, Renal function in mice poisoned with oral uranium and treated with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate (EHBP), Health Phys, vol.85, pp.343-347, 2003.

C. K. Mcdonald-taylor, A. Singh, and A. Gilman, Uranyl nitrate-induced proximal tubule alterations in rabbits: a quantitative analysis, Toxicol. Pathol, vol.25, pp.381-389, 1997.

C. Meyer, M. Stumvoll, J. Dostou, S. Welle, M. Haymond et al., Renal substrate exchange and gluconeogenesis in normal postabsorptive humans, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab, vol.282, pp.428-434, 2002.

G. Michal and H. U. Bergmeyer, Coenzyme A: catalytic method with phosphate acetyltransferase, Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Verlag Chemie, pp.169-177, 1985.

A. C. Miller, A. F. Fuciarelli, W. E. Jackson, E. J. Ejnik, C. Emond et al., Urinary and serum mutagenicity studies with rats implanted with depleted uranium or tantalum pellets, Mutagenesis, vol.13, pp.643-648, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/mutage/13.6.643

URL : https://academic.oup.com/mutage/article-pdf/13/6/643/3538532/13-6-643.pdf

H. Mirto, M. H. Henge-napoli, R. Gibert, E. Ansoborlo, M. Fournier et al., Intracellular behaviour of uranium(VI) on renal epithelial cell in culture (LLC-PK1): influence of uranium speciation, Toxicol. Lett, vol.104, pp.249-256, 1999.

C. B. Mueller and A. D. Mason, The pathogenesis of acute renal failure following incompatible blood transfusion; an experimental study, Am. J. Clin. Pathol, vol.26, pp.705-720, 1956.

D. Muller, P. Houpert, J. Cambar, and M. H. Henge-napoli, Role of the sodiumdependent phosphate co-transporters and of the phosphate complexes of uranyl in the cytotoxicity of uranium in LLC-PK1 cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, vol.214, pp.166-177, 2006.

D. S. Muller, P. Houpert, J. Cambar, and M. H. Henge-napoli, Role of the sodiumdependent phosphate cotransporters and absorptive endocytosis in the uptake of low concentrations of uranium and its toxicity at higher concentrations in LLC-PK1 cells, Toxicol. Sci, vol.101, pp.254-262, 2008.

H. Nieth and P. Schollmeyer, Substrate-utilization of the human kidney, Nature, vol.209, pp.1244-1245, 1966.

J. V. Passonneau and O. H. Lowry, Enzymatic Analysis: A Practicle Guide, 1993.

T. C. Pellmar, A. F. Fuciarelli, J. W. Ejnik, M. Hamilton, J. Hogan et al., Distribution of uranium in rats implanted with depleted uranium pellets, Toxicol. Sci, vol.49, pp.29-39, 1999.

O. Prat, F. Berenguer, V. Malard, E. Tavan, N. Sage et al., Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of human renal HEK293 cells to uranium toxicity, Proteomics, vol.5, pp.297-306, 2005.

D. J. Sanchez, M. Belles, M. L. Albina, J. J. Sirvent, and J. L. Domingo, Nephrotoxicity of simultaneous exposure to mercury and uranium in comparison to individual effects of these metals in rats, Biol. Trace Elem. Res, vol.84, pp.139-154, 2001.

K. Sano, Y. Fujigaki, T. Miyaji, N. Ikegaya, K. Ohishi et al., Role of apoptosis in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure and acquired resistance to uranyl acetate, Kidney Int, vol.57, pp.1560-1570, 2000.

A. J. Shaka, J. Keeler, R. Freeman, and T. Frenkiel, Evaluation of a new broadband decoupling sequence: WALTZ-16, J. Magn. Reson, vol.52, pp.335-338, 1983.

M. Taulan, F. Paquet, C. Maubert, O. Delissen, J. Demaille et al., Renal toxicogenomic response to chronic uranyl nitrate insult in mice, Environ. Health Perspect, vol.112, pp.1628-1635, 2004.

M. Taulan, F. Paquet, A. Argiles, J. Demaille, and M. C. Romey, Comprehensive analysis of the renal transcriptional response to acute uranyl nitrate exposure, BMC Genomics, vol.7, issue.2, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00069847

C. Thiebault, M. Carriere, S. Milgram, A. Simon, L. Avoscan et al., Uranium induces apoptosis and is genotoxic to normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cells, Toxicol. Sci, vol.98, pp.479-487, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01930717

J. K. Tolson, S. M. Roberts, B. Jortner, M. Pomeroy, and D. S. Barber, Heat shock proteins and acquired resistance to uranium nephrotoxicity, Toxicology, vol.206, pp.59-73, 2005.

A. Vittorelli, C. Gauthier, C. Michoudet, G. Martin, and G. Baverel, Characteristics of glutamine metabolism in human precision-cut kidney slices: a 13C-NMR study, Biochem. J, vol.387, pp.825-834, 2005.

P. J. Wright and D. T. Plummer, The use of urinary enzyme measurements to detect renal damage caused by nephrotoxic compounds, Biochem. Pharmacol, vol.23, pp.65-73, 1974.

G. Zhu, X. Xiang, X. Chen, L. Wang, H. Hu et al., Renal dysfunction induced by long-term exposure to depleted uranium in rats, Arch. Toxicol, vol.83, pp.37-46, 2009.