. *<*)3-;-*$'++1,

!. ,

, <&), vol.3

!. V&amp;+;;/&amp;+1,

V. ,

. Ae=pi*(/&amp;+&quot;jqz,

, *

. !a&quot;, *

!. , +3-)0*3

. +d!18dv,

V. ,

. ^3&lt;.+;*;&quot;v&amp;)&lt;+*, , vol.3, p.7

!. 8sq, 6+?)3(*

!. ,

*. =q**-7#$&quot;-g&quot;.0&amp;&apos;-+&amp;$#*-7#7&quot;-v&quot;n+*-+$*-+6&amp;, #+* &#* -* 0$+* $2* 7##" /01#2$%$%%).1'*, *3a*3, p.7

. &lt;+&amp;&quot;gpkbq!a!asd#!s&quot;_.*-,

. *3+&quot;-v,

V. , &^?2;+1" <.+" -0-A1" <_)

$. , , pp.2-242

, Lj"&+V2*&"230"&+-)46*32<*)3"V&)<+*3Z"U.+"V&+

$. ,

+. , &+V?*-2<*)3")&*(*3"*

*. 2&lt;+0,

, &+V?*-2<*)3"0+<+&4*3+0

. *3+&quot;-v,

*. ++, <)

. $a&quot;-_.+&amp;+2;&quot;-&lt;.+&quot;-&amp;+,

*. 0+&amp;+0,

$. T&lt;,

. *$&apos;++&quot;v);;+;;+;&quot;$&quot;k@rmg@d%,

. &lt;+&amp;&quot;-*-;-*--#/*-df&quot;-pl-*-pgpkbqsb8jsdassqz,

$. and +. ,

, @C=Z" j?4)

, ^V)<.+<*-2?"V&)<+*3

, +-)30"V2&<

, <+&"PGpKbq!7$!SD7#SQ"*;"V2&<*2??^")&<.)?)()/;"<)"!,(0$#+@$'0++Z"M)4+" 78#

, #DV, issue.2

V. )(?^-+&amp;2&lt;+,

*. V. ,

V. V+-&lt;*:+?^z&quot;-u.+;+&quot;-&lt;_, V&)<+*3

V. G%q&quot;-;^3&lt;.+;*;z&quot;-u.+&quot;--`g%&quot;-*, $M* %$0"'70-,* M"&46+* 78C

&. ,

. Da)*db=z&quot;r3&quot;!,-;-*$&apos;++1,

, V)30, GpKbq!77$SD7AS

. &lt;+&amp;&quot;-*, , p.30

. *&lt;*)3, PGpKbq!78ASD8BSQZ"j??"<.+;+"V&)<+*3

&. +. &amp;+;*;&lt;23-+&quot;)&amp;&quot;;+3;*&lt;*:*&lt;^, 7A8" <)" .*(, V&+;;/&+1" +:+3" <.)/(." <.+^" 2&+" 6+?*+:+0" <)" 6+" )3?^" *3:)?:+0" *3" <.+" &+(/?2<*)3" )T" 7AA" +N<&2-+??/?2&" @Lj" -), vol.4

, 0)3+" )3" 7AC" 62-<+&*2")&"T/3(*".2:+"*30*-2<+0"2"V)<+3<*2?"&)?+"), 7AJ

. Dd)*-de=z&quot;-&gt;3+,

U. ,

*. 0+&amp;+0&quot;&lt;,

. +&quot;&lt;, 2-+<2<+"2&+"):+&D+NV&+;;+0"*3";<&+;;T/?"-)30*<*)3

, V^&/:2<+"PGFGQ"*3<)"V^&/:2<+"230

, 7C8" V&)<+*3" *

, 7CA" catalyses the conversion of Glucose 6P to Fructose 6P isn't regulated under HHP. Regulation 7CC" )T"<.+"(?^-)?^;*, V2<._2^"'$#2&,%(*+6

. ^3&lt;.+;*-;-v$#*&apos;$/&amp;#4*gv8*-7j!&quot;-j32?^;*;&quot;-)t&quot;-&lt;.+&quot;-&amp;+,

, GpKbqS#JAS"V&)<+*3"*, ^1"<.+", p.30

. *&lt;*, , p.3

. Z&quot;u.*;&quot;v+&amp;4+2;+&quot;-7jb&quot;-*-;-&amp;)/v&quot;)t&quot;&lt;&amp;23;v)&amp;&lt;+&amp;;&quot;p and . Im&quot;t24*?^qz&quot;u.+, 7BS" -)/?0"*30*-2<+"2"&+V&+;;)&"&)?+"), V2&<")T"?2&(+

, who's coding for a TldD/PmbA protease. These proteins 7B$" V?

, 4V)/30" *, 2&6)3D3*<&)(+3" .^0&)?2;+Z" U.+" Mj

+. , 6+"*3:)?:+0"*3"<.+"&+0/-<*)3" 7BJ" )T"3*<&)(+3)/;"-)4V)/30

. *-*3*&lt;^&quot;_*&lt;,

&. +^&quot;-2&amp;+-;-$&apos;-+&quot;/*-&amp;#*-$..$(&amp;+&quot;*-/&amp; and &. +&amp;$#*-+$*-;-*-$+6-;-*-pgpqb,

/. and ,. Csz, 8SEB*?&-&2-0'&4+-%)&0)-53+&'11(Z"N&%1-+%()%+9'( JSS" #-'-)#%0" #S!!1" Q<Ym$7C-m$8#Z" JS!" 7CZ"M)?+&"L1, vol.12

, JS#" #19)(& 2-,$($)0& 12& 4(-0,$>0& 251,& +.4)5'+)5,14+$($3& -53+-)-& )#31>$#%& #)/& 2-,$($)0& 12& 5)4($3-'$1#&

, JS$" 451')$#0Z" N&%1-+%( )%+9'( #-'-)#%0" #S!S1" QOY8SJJ-8!S7ZZ" JS7

, JS8" (-5%)A03-()& ,1()3"(-5& >-'-& 0)'0Z" N&%1-+%( )%+9'( #-'-)#%0" #S!#1" DFY`!SB-`!!7Z" JSA" 8SZ" s*:23):*-", p.0

, JSC" 3+51,101,)& 0+"22($#%A>5$9)#& )91("'$1#Z" N&%1-+%( )%+9'( #-'-)#%0" #SS#1" QFY!BS#Z

*. !z&quot;b+ and . H+&amp;&quot;f, @2*T)&0"`m1"@2^4+&",E1"`))4"UF1

$. 1&amp;5+$*, 0-%)&:$-0)0&$#&7&451X-5.1'$3&%)#1,)0?&-&/+1()A%)#1,)&-#-(.0$0Z"?$1-%&1)#(6+$1$."()*9

J. Ajsz,

J. &amp;+, 5Y"B)()3'$1#&1#&0.#'+)0$0&310'&-22)3'0&$#')5451')$#&, #1&-3$>&"0-%)&$#&-((&'+5))&>1,-$#0&12&

J. , H$&#*), vol.1, issue.2

J. ,

. $z&quot;-b/&amp;;&lt;&quot;-e`, F51" @)-.2" FGY" 851')$#& )91("'$1#?& 3-"0)0& 12& '5)

, 87Z" 5)&023" Rr1" r)30&2;.):" Ij1" j0H./6+*" Rj1" m)?T" pR1" r))3*3" Fk1" r)30&2;.)

J. , #$9)50-(& '5)#>& 12& -,$#1& -3$>& %-$#& -#>& (100& $#& 451')$#& )91("'$1#Z" N)5&#-" #SS81" DQQYA$$-A$JZ

J. , 88Z"m/"%1"K/??+^"`F1"s.23("mY"85)>$3')>&+$%+(.&)T45)00)>&%)#)0&$#&'+)&%)#1,)0&12&B'5)4'1, p.0

J. , 31)($31(15& -#>& B'5)4'1,.3)0& -9, +%#$6+$1$, p.1

J. Jcz, #SS81" 6, J#S" 8AZ" r2&?*3" M1" K24V6+??" j,1" ,&2H+a" 5Y" L1,4-5-'$9)& HYE& -#-(.0$0& -35100& >$9)50)& %)#1,)0Z" A**&)1( J#!" #-4+-:( $, vol.8

, J#$" 6)%5-#+$1$."" #SSS1" 6O@Y8#$J-8#8SZ" J#7" 8JZ" m2&3+;" %@1" =)?a+&" =1" =)3+62aa+&" E1" %+3<?+423" @1" b/6+&" m1" E*2_" j1" E/4?+^" U1

, J#B" )91("'$1#-5.& $,4($3-'$1#0Z" J/?2( ?+%#$6+$1$."( C-4+-:'" #S!#Z

J. 2|2;&quot;-g1,

J. , 45)00"5)&$#&)T41#)#'$-(A-#>&0'-'$1#-5, A4+-0)&3)((0&12&Z03+)5$3+$-&31($?&5)(-'$1#0+$4&/$'+&3)((&>)-'+Z

J. , *4+#$*3-*5)1( 3+%#$6+$1$."" #SS71" CFY!878-!887Z, vol.9, pp.771-780

J. ,

. A!z, , p.1

, *+)5,13133"0&1##"5$#), p.0

, YE6& $#& >$22)5)#'& 1#)A3-5:1#& 0":0'5-')& 3"('"5)& 31#>$'$1#0Z" ?$1-%&1)#( PQ( L-11&1)#( !#$5-$3+%'" #S!#1

J. 66z,

J. , A#Z"K.2&6)33*+&"p1"%+<<?+&"=1"I&23})*;"G1"=+3<)

J. , %)#)5$3& -4451-3+& 215& '+)& >)0$%#& 12& /+1()A%)#1,)& 1($%1-55-.0R& 9

J. , >)()'$1#& ,-44$#%& -#>& %)#)& )T45)00$1#& -#

. A$z, &%), vol.1

&. +&amp;;y, %5-')>&451')$#&>-'-Z" ;)5)6)'-R(50-( J7C" B$&#*)1( $8( 6+$1$.+%)1( 9)5)6)'-'(, %&#)5+$*" #S!!1" @F66Z" J7J" AAZ"MH/&423<"b1">&02?"%mY"H$9)50$'.&$#&3+),1'-T$0&,)3+-#$0,0&-,1#%&'+)&:-3')5$-&-#>&-53+-)-Z" J7B" #A" " ?+%#$6+$1$, vol.2

C. , , p.0

, J8B" 15%-#$=-'$1#&12&'+)&,),:5-#)A:1"#>&W^&,1'15Z"!#$%--9+*.'($, vol.8, pp.9-12

J. C#z,

. Ja!&quot;, C#Z" j6+" I1" b)&*a);.*" rY" E#-(.0$0& 12& $#'5-3)(("(-5& 4S& $#& '+)& .)-0'& B-33+-51, )0& 3)5)9$0$-)& "#>), p.5

, JA#" )()9-')>&+.>510'-'$3&45)00"5)?&-&0'">.&$#&:-51A\4$)=1A]

. Ja$&quot;-c$z&quot;m+&amp;&amp;23, 1#&12&-&#19)(&3(-00&12&,),:5-#)A JAJ" :1"#>&`Y$J)aA+.>51%)#-0)0& $#& *+)5,13133"0& 1##"5$#), vol.351

, 15&-#>&5)45)0015&31#'51(($#%&+.>51%)#&-#>&)(),)#'-(&0

J. Ccz,

. Yeh&amp;-\8]&amp;-s&amp;-0, 5& 1T$>15)>"3'-0)Z" H$&#*)1( $8( 6)%5-#+$1$

&. +&amp;;y&quot;-j15, >& /$'+& S@& 451>"3'$1#Z" N)5&#-" #S!S1" D7CY$8#-$88Z, vol.31, p.0

, JJ#" $#91(9)>&$#&'+)&,)'-:1($0,& 12&+.>51%)#&:.&'+)&+.4)5'+)5,14+$($3&-53+-)1#&8.513133"0&2"5$10"0Z

, #S!#1" QZ" JJ7

J. , U2~Daz, j1" =)();" =1" k2&(2" j1" @za.+?^" %1" r):z-;" rEY" J15,-')& +.>51%)#(.-0)& $#& '+)& JJ8" +.4)5'+)5,14+$($3& -53+-)1#R& *+)5,13133"0& ($'15-($0Z" D?L( 3+%#$6+$1$

J. , =&)_3" j,1" b))V+;" ME1" m.*<+" @b1" M2&*;a^" KjY" 8"5$#)& :$10.#'+)0$0& $#& -53+-)-?& 9-5$-'$1#0& 1#& -& JJB" '+),)Z" D+$1$

, JB!" p1" j((+&6+-a" E1" I)&<+&&+" GY" K)#1,)/$>)& -#>& :$13+)

Y. , JB$" J8Z" E+.42-.+&" j1" b+3;+?" @Y" L(1#$#%R& 0)U")#3$#%& -#>& )T45)00$1#& 12& '+)& %)#)& )#31>$#%& @A JB7" 4+104+1%(.3)5-')& X$#-0)& 251,& P)'+-#1'+)5,"0& 2)59$>"0Z" ?$1-%&1)#( )*9

, 5-')& 0.#'+)'-0)R& '+)& X).& )#=.,)& 12& 3.3($3& @R& QA JBJ" >$4+104+1%(.3)5-')& ,)'-:1($0,& $#& P)'+-#1'+)5,"0& 2)59$>"0Z" H$&#*)1( $8( 6)%5-#+$1$, !BBJ1" JBB" 6OFY8BBC-ASS7Z" BSS" JCZ",2&&2TT*3*"Ej1"M)3<.+*4+&"F5Y"L!MB8!&$#')52)5)#3)?&!YEA>$5)3')>&

. Bs$,

$. #3-;-wagner, J. C. Cady, K. C. Murphy, D. M. Hammond, J. H. et al., #'& -#>& L!MB8!A-0013$-')>& %)#)0& -#>& BS7" 5)4)-'0Z" H$&#*)1( $8( 6)%5-#+$1$, >)0& %)#)0& )00)#'$-(& 215& P.T13133"0& T-#'+"0& >)9

$. Bz, 4&:)+-9$150&12&80)">1,1#-0&-)5"%$#10-Z" BSC" H$&#*)1( $8( 6)%5-#+$1$, #SSB1" 6<6Y#

, #)& 0.0'),& $#& 451X-5.1')0?& 31,4

. B!!, #SSA1" 6YCZ"

. B!#&quot;-b!z&quot;m, *:23

B. Sz,

. B!7, B#Z"r?+*3"@51, *3"s1"F00^"M@Y" Y1#31>$#%&!YE&%)#)0&$>)#'$2$)>&$#&E*A5$3+&+.4)5'+)5,14+$(, p.0

, 5+$*)1( A%), vol.8, pp.9-12

. B!a&quot;-b$z, /&2^242"L1"M.*4*H/"b1"U2a*(/-.*"M1"=262"p1"j4*3)"b1"b)&*/-.*"U1"M+a*4*H/"r1

. B!c&quot;-215&amp;m#91, #'&12&Z03+)5$3+$-&31($&K)#)0&4,:ER&305E&-#>&-&85)9$1"0(.&[#5)31%#$=)>&K)#)&'(>HR&$#&

. B!j, H& \33>G]& 12& B)T& J-3'15& JZ, H$&#*), vol.1

. B!b&quot;-@;7y7j$-8s#z, B#S" B7Z" E)+3+3" mY" BA->)#10.(,)'+$1#$#)?& b-3X& 12& -((& '5->)0& -#>& ,-0')5& 12& )9)5.'+$#%c" D+$%0-3+%)1( B#!" 2$%+-5"( =#)*')%5+$*'"

. B#$&quot;-!$7az&quot;-b#7, KE1" m))0;)3" 5`1" F;-2?, 23<+DM+4+&+32" 5KY" *+)& 31:d& %)#)& 12& P)'+-#10-53$#-& ,-=)$& K?6& B#8" )#31>)0& '+)& #1#15'+1(1%1"0& 5)4(-3),)#'& 12& '+)& ?A5$:-=1(

, %5-#+$1$, #SSA1" 6OOY#C7S-#C7$Z" B#C" BCZ" @)<." 5@1" E2_&+3-+" 5%1" @/6+3T*+?0" ,1" r*+TT+&Db*

Y. Az,

B. Bjz&quot;f??+0(+, M51"s.)/"s1"j??, +3"5=Y"!$:1#"3()1'$>)&5)>"3'-0)?&5)%"(-'$1#R&5)%"(-'$1#R&5)%"(-'$1#Z"=#-*9

B. Bbz, :*"=Y"!$:1#"3()1'$>)&5)>"3'-0)&-#>&'+)&5)%"(-'$

. B$$, #>& -#& -#3$)#'& +)5$'-%)Z" ?$1-%&1)#( 3+%#$6+$1$

. B$, SSZ"j?6+&;"MDk1"r)3*3, p.1

. B$a&quot;-!s!z, @+3"w1"K.+3"r1"G2/?, ;+3"RUY"*5-#0415'HG?&-&31,45)+)#0$9

. B$c, -#)& '5-#0415'& 0.0'),0& -#>& 1"')5& ,),:5-#)& 3+-##)(0Z" N&%1-+%( )%+9'( #-'-)#%0" #SSC1, p.5

B. #cbz,

B. S#z, %51" K)33+&;" M=1" ,)3<+&)" KR1" 5).3;)3, E++" bDM1" M.)-a?+^" r@1" M-./<"

, 0& 2"5$10"0Z" H$&#*)1( $8( 6)%5-#+$1$, B7!" +.4)5'+)5,14+$($3& -53+-)1#& 8.513133"

, <G?)<")T"_.)?+"(+3)4+;"6+<_++3

, <&2*3

. Z&quot;u.+&quot;,

(. I*(/&amp;+&quot;#&quot;y&quot;-;-*&lt;;z&quot;! and . B8!-;-*$&apos;++, )T")&<.)?)()/;"(+3+;"-2?-/?2<+0"6^"&+-*V&)-2?, P^+??)_Q1"!,(8&#+$'&'"

, <)&2(+"230" B87" #B

. V&amp;)-+;;*3, P)&23(+"V2?+<<+Q1"K+??/?2&"V&)-+;;+, vol.230

, 32?*3("P(&++3"V2?+<<+Q1" B88" ,+<26)?*;4"P6?/+"V2?+<<+Q"+<"V))&?^"-.2&2-<+&*H+0

*. , &*6);)42?"V&)<+*3

. &lt;&amp;2*3z&quot;-b8j,

. +3&lt;*3-;-*$&apos;++z&quot;-bc#,

. **z&quot;-u.+&quot;-2&amp;&amp;)_;&quot;-&amp;+v&amp;+;+3&lt;;&quot;-&lt;.+,

. Z&quot;-u.+&quot;-&amp;+0,

, _3&+(/?2<*)3")3"-)30

. *&lt;*)3-;-3&quot;&lt;.+&quot;?+t&lt;z&quot;-bcj&quot;-&quot;-bcb&quot;-$!&quot;-&quot;-*-bjs&quot;-i*-;-*$&apos;++z&quot;u.+&quot;2&amp;&amp;)_;&quot;&amp;+v&amp;+;+3&lt;&quot;&lt;.+&quot;-bj!, Y"I)&42<+"230".^0&)(+32;+"-?/;<+&;")T"!

, V)30

, V)30;"<

, V&)<)3;"<)"b#"n8BoZ" BJC, +0"*3"<.+" BJA" &+0, vol.3

, +0" &)?+;" )T" <.+" T0.#D4T.#D43.#1" BBS, vol.6

*. Bb!, V&)0/-<*)3" )T" b#

V. K@rmg@d%,

. &lt;+&amp;&quot;-_*&lt;-;-t&quot;-=0-#3$%$%%&amp;,

, &"4+23"<.+"0)_3D&+(/?2<*)3"), vol.3, p.30

. *&lt;*)3, *30*-2<+0")3"<.+" !SS!" ?

, /VD&+(/?2<*)3Z"U.+"2?*(34+3<, p.2

&. ?/+&quot;!s-d7-qnb!oz and . Ss$-;-*-!ss8, !SS7" _&(+*$2*K-30

*. +01&quot;-gz&quot;-26^;;*&quot;-%f81&quot;-!, (. Ssc&quot;-8&amp;#+$&apos;&amp;&apos;&quot;`m-;-*$&apos;++&quot;kb, and !. Ssj, $A$J1"!,(0$#+@$'0++">U$"230"!

. &amp;*a);.**&quot;&gt;u$, G^&)-), 2^23

!. **&quot;kb and . #sa!&quot;-!b!, %K"c" 78" 7!" 7#" 8#" K`M"c" B#ZJA" BSZ7!" B!ZB7" JBZB!, vol.8

$. ,

, <.+" 42*3" V&)<+*3

. !s!a&quot;-$,

. ^3&lt;.+;*,

. &lt;&quot;+3h^4+&quot;-!s!b,

. ^3&lt;.+;*;&quot;-gz&quot;26^;;*&quot;-!-;-*$&apos;++(-k^,

A. A. Brindley, R. W. Pickersgill, J. C. Partridge, D. J. Dunstan, D. M. Hunt et al., Enzyme Sequence and Its Relationship to Hyperbaric Stability of Artificial and Natural Fish Lactate Dehydrogenases, PLoS ONE, vol.3, p.2042, 2008.

T. Morita, Strucutre based analysis of high-pressure adaptation of alpha-actin, J. Biol. Chem, vol.278, pp.28060-28066, 2003.

Y. Nishiguchi, T. Miwa, A. , and F. , Pressure-adaptive differences in lactate dehydrogenases of three hagfishes: Eptatretus burgeri, Paramyxine atami and Eptatretus okinoseanus, Extremophiles, vol.12, pp.477-480, 2008.

W. B. Whitman, D. C. Coleman, and W. J. Wiebe, Prokaryotes: the unseen majority, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.95, pp.6578-83, 1998.

J. Kallmeyer, R. Pockalny, R. R. Adhikari, D. C. Smith, and S. Hondt, Global distribution of microbial abundance and biomass in subseafloor sediment, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.109, pp.16213-16216, 2012.

A. A. Yayanos, A. S. Dietz, and R. Van-boxtel, Obligately barophilic bacterium from the Mariana trench, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.78, pp.5212-5215, 1981.

M. Sinensky, Homeoviscous adaptation -homerostatic process that regulates viscosity of membrane lipids in escherichia coli, Proc Nat Acad Sci, vol.71, pp.522-525, 1974.

D. H. Bartlett, Pressure effects on in vivo microbial processes, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA), pp.367-381, 2002.

M. Tehei, B. Franzetti, D. Madern, M. Ginzburg, B. Z. Ginzburg et al., Adaptation to extreme environments: macromolecular dynamics in bacteria compared in vivo by neutron scattering, EMBO Rep, vol.5, pp.66-70, 2004.

S. Zeng, J. Birrien, Y. Fouquet, G. Cherkashov, M. Jebbar et al., Pyrococcus ch1, an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophile : Extending the upper pressure-temperature limits for life, ISME Journal, vol.3, pp.873-876, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406501

J. Peters, M. Trapp, D. Hughes, S. Rowe, B. Demé et al., High hydrostatic pressure equipment for neutron scattering studies of samples in solutions, High Pressure Res, vol.32, pp.97-102, 2011.

W. Doster, H. Nakagawa, and M. S. Appavou, Scaling analysis of bio-molecular dynamics derived from elastic Incoherent neutron scattering experiments, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.139, pp.45105-45121, 2013.

V. F. Sears, Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections, Neutron News, vol.3, pp.26-37, 1992.

F. Natali, J. Peters, D. Russo, S. Barbieri, C. Chiapponi et al., IN13 Backscattering Spectrometer at ILL: looking for motions in biological macromolecules and organisms. Neutron News, vol.19, pp.14-18, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00370471

A. Rahman, K. S. Singwi, and A. Sjölander, Theory of slow neutron scattering by liquids. I, Phys. Rev, vol.126, pp.986-996, 1962.

V. Réat, G. Zaccai, C. Ferrand, and C. Pfister, Functional Dynamics in Purple Membranes, pp.117-122, 1997.

H. H. Paalman and C. J. Pings, Numerical Evaluation of X-Ray Absorption Factors for Cylindrical Samples and Annular Sample Cells, J. Appl. Phys, vol.33, pp.2635-2639, 1962.

D. Richard, M. Ferrand, and G. J. Kearley, J. Neutron Research, vol.4, pp.33-39, 1996.

, Analysis and Visualisation of Neutron-Scattering Data

, LAMP, the Large Array Manipulation Program

V. Marty, M. Jasnin, E. Fabiani, P. Vauclare, F. Gabel et al., Neutron scattering: a tool to detect in vivo thermal stress effects at the molecular dynamics level in micro-organisms, J. R. Soc. Interface, vol.10, p.20130003, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01326140

M. Tehei, B. Franzetti, K. Wood, F. Gabel, E. Fabiani et al., Neutron scattering reveals extremely slow cell water in a Dead Sea organism, PNAS, vol.104, pp.766-771, 2007.

W. Doster, S. Cusack, and W. Petry, Dynamical transition of myoglobin revealed by inelastic neutron scattering, Nature, vol.337, 1989.

G. Zaccai, How Soft Is a Protein? A Protein Dynamics Force Constant Measured by Neutron Scattering, Science, vol.288, pp.1604-1607, 2000.

A. Filabozzi, A. Deriu, M. T. Di-bari, D. Russo, S. Croci et al., Elastic incoherent neutron scattering as a probe of high pressure induced changes in protein flexibility, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, pp.63-67, 2010.

M. G. Ortore, F. Spinozzi, P. Mariani, A. Paciaroni, L. R. Barbosa et al., Combining structure and dynamics: non-denaturing high-pressure effect on lysozyme in solution, J. R. Soc. Interface, vol.6, pp.619-634, 2009.

W. Doster and R. Gebhardt, High pressure -unfolding of myoglobin studied by dynamic neutron scattering, Chem. Phys, vol.292, pp.383-387, 2003.

L. Meinhold and J. C. Smith, Pressure-dependent transition in protein dynamics at about 4 kbar revealed by molecular dynamics simulation, Phys. Rev. E, vol.72, p.61908, 2005.

L. Meinhold, J. C. Smith, A. Kitao, and A. H. Zewail, Picosecond fluctuating protein energy landscape mapped by pressure-temperature molecular dynamics simulation, PNAS, vol.104, pp.17261-17265, 2007.

, Genomic DNA extraction of T. barophilus was performed using a phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) extraction method, as follows. A 20-ml portion of cell culture at exponential growth phase (approximately 10 8 cells/ml) was centrifuged at 7,500 ? g for 15 min at 4°C. The cell pellet was

, The DNA was quantified by NanoDrop, and the quality of extraction , with a 1-kb ladder (Promega) as the size marker. PCR conditions. hmg Pf , pyrF, hisB, and all homologous regions were amplified using Pfu polymerase (Promega), pp.94-99

V. T. Marteinsson, J. L. Birrien, A. L. Reysenbach, M. Vernet, M. D. Gambacorta et al., Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol, vol.49, pp.351-359, 1999.

X. Zeng, X. Zhang, L. Jiang, A. K. Jebbar, M. Shao et al., Palaeococcus pacificus sp. nov., a novel archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal sediment, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, vol.63, pp.2155-2159, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00808545

K. Takai, A. Sugai, T. Itoh, and K. Horikoshi, Palaeococcus ferrophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a barophilic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deepsea hydrothermal vent chimney, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, vol.50, pp.489-500, 2000.

K. Alain, V. T. Marteinsson, M. L. Miroshnichenko, E. A. Bonch-osmolovskaya, D. Prieur et al., Marinitoga piezophila sp. nov., a rodshaped, thermo-piezophilic bacterium isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, vol.52, pp.1331-1339, 2002.

K. Takai, K. Nakamura, T. Toki, U. Tsunogai, M. Miyazaki et al., Cell proliferation at 122 degrees C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.105, pp.10949-10954, 2008.

J. L. Birrien, X. Zeng, M. Jebbar, M. A. Cambon-bonavita, J. Querellou et al., Pyrococcus yayanosii sp. nov., an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, vol.61, pp.2827-2831, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00609785

X. Zeng, J. L. Birrien, Y. Fouquet, G. Cherkashov, M. Jebbar et al., Pyrococcus CH1, an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophile: extending the upper pressuretemperature limits for life, ISME J, vol.3, pp.873-876, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406501

A. I. Slesarev, K. V. Mezhevaya, K. S. Makarova, N. N. Polushin, O. V. Shcherbinina et al., The complete genome of hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri AV19 and monophyly of archaeal methanogens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.99, pp.4644-4649, 2002.

P. Vannier, V. T. Marteinsson, O. H. Fridjonsson, P. Oger, and M. Jebbar, Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic, piezophilic, heterotrophic, and carboxydotrophic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus MP, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00683928

, J. Bacteriol, vol.193, pp.1481-1482

X. Jun, L. Lupeng, X. Minjuan, P. Oger, W. Fengping et al., Complete genome sequence of the obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1, J. Bacteriol, vol.193, pp.4297-4298, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00683340

S. Lucas, J. Han, A. Lapidus, J. F. Cheng, L. A. Goodwin et al., Complete genome sequence of the thermophilic, piezophilic, heterotrophic bacterium Marinitoga piezophila KA3, J. Bacteriol, vol.194, pp.5974-5975, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00773159

T. Sato, T. Fukui, H. Atomi, and T. Imanaka, Improved and versatile transformation system allowing multiple genetic manipulations of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.71, pp.3889-3899, 2005.

R. Matsumi, K. Manabe, T. Fukui, H. Atomi, and T. Imanaka, Disruption of a sugar transporter gene cluster in a hyperthermophilic archaeon using a host-marker system based on antibiotic resistance, J. Bacteriol, vol.189, pp.2683-2691, 2007.

J. Farkas, K. Stirrett, G. L. Lipscomb, W. Nixon, R. A. Scott et al., Recombinogenic properties of Pyrococcus furiosus strain COM1 enable rapid selection of targeted mutants, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.78, pp.4669-4676, 2012.

T. H. Hileman and T. J. Santangelo, Genetics techniques for Thermococcus kodakarensis, Front. Microbiol, vol.3, p.195, 2012.

J. A. Cabrera, J. Bolds, P. E. Shields, C. M. Havel, and A. Watson, Isoprenoid synthesis in Halobacterium halobium, J. Biol. Chem, vol.261, pp.3578-3583, 1986.

J. A. Leigh, S. Albers, H. Atomi, and T. Allers, Model organisms for genetics in the domain Archaea: methanogens, halophiles, Thermococcales and Sulfolobales, FEMS Microbiol. Rev, vol.35, pp.577-608, 2011.

T. J. Santangelo, L. Cubonová, J. N. Reeve, and L. Cubonova, Thermococcus kodakarensis genetics: TK1827-encoded beta-glycosidase, new positive-selection protocol, and targeted and repetitive deletion technology, 2010.

, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.76, pp.2497-2506

T. Sato, T. Fukui, H. Atomi, and T. Imanaka, Targeted gene disruption by homologous recombination in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1, J. Bacteriol, vol.185, pp.210-220, 2003.

T. J. Santangelo, L. Cubonova, and J. N. Reeve, Shuttle vector expression in Thermococcus kodakaraensis: contributions of cis elements to protein synthesis in a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.74, pp.3099-3104, 2008.

B. Higuchi-krummel and R. Saiki, A general method of in vitro preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.16, pp.7351-7367, 1988.

R. M. Horton, Z. L. Cai, S. N. Ho, and L. R. Pease, Gene splicing by overlap extension: tailor-made genes using the polymerase chain reaction, Biotechniques, vol.8, pp.528-535, 1990.

G. Bertani and L. Baresi, Genetic transformation in the methanogen Methanococcus voltae PS, J. Bacteriol, vol.169, pp.2730-2738, 1987.

P. Vannier, , 2012.

N. Soler, A. Justome, S. Quevillon-cheruel, F. Lorieux, L. Cam et al., The rolling-circle plasmid pTN1 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus nautilus, Mol. Microbiol, vol.66, pp.357-370, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00192504

T. Zheng, Q. Huang, C. Zhang, J. Ni, Q. She et al., Development of a simvastatin selection marker for a hyperthermophilic acidophile, Sulfolobus islandicus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.78, pp.568-574, 2012.

C. Zhang and R. J. Whitaker, A broadly applicable gene knockout system for the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus based on simvastatin selection, Microbiology, vol.158, pp.1513-1522, 2012.

I. Waege, G. Schmid, S. Thumann, M. Thomm, and W. Hausner, Shuttle vector-based transformation system for Pyrococcus furiosus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.76, pp.3308-3313, 2010.

D. Wendoloski, C. Ferrer, and D. Ml, A new simvastatin (mevinolin)-resistance marker from Haloarcula hispanica and a new Haloferax volcanii strain cured of plasmid pHV2, Microbiology, vol.147, pp.959-964, 2001.

G. L. Lipscomb, K. Stirrett, G. J. Schut, F. Yang, F. E. Jenney et al., Natural competence in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus facilitates genetic manipulation: construction of markerless deletions of genes encoding the two cytoplasmic hydrogenases, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.77, pp.2232-2238, 2011.

M. Kreuzer, K. Schmutzler, I. Waege, M. Thomm, and W. Hausner, Genetic engineering of Pyrococcus furiosus to use chitin as a carbon source, BMC Biotechnol, vol.13, p.9, 2013.

F. Abe, Hydrostatic pressure enhances vital staining with carboxyfluorescein or carboxydichlorofluorescein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : efficient detection of labeled yeasts by flow cytometry, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.64, issue.3, pp.1139-1142, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01631346

F. Abe and K. Et-horikoshi, Vacuolar acidification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by elevated hydrostatic pressure is transient and is mediated by vacuolar H+-ATPase, Extremophiles, vol.1, issue.2, pp.89-93, 1997.

F. Abe and K. Et-horikoshi, Analysis of hj pH in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under elevated hydrostatic pressure : a study in baro-(piezo-) physiology, Extremophiles, vol.2, issue.3, pp.223-228, 1998.

F. Abe and K. Et-horikoshi, Tryptophan permease gene TAT2 confers high-pressure growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Molecular and cellular biology, vol.20, issue.21, pp.8093-8102, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01631345

F. Abe and K. Et-horikoshi, The biotechnological potential of piezophiles, TRENDS in Biotechnology, vol.19, issue.3, pp.102-108, 2001.

A. Aertsen, P. De-spiegeleer, K. Vanoirbeek, M. Lavilla, and C. W. Et-michiels, Induction of oxidative stress by high hydrostatic pressure in Escherichia coli, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.71, issue.5, pp.2226-2231, 2005.

H. Akashi and T. Et-gojobori, Metabolic efficiency and amino acid composition in the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.6, pp.3695-3700, 2002.

A. K. Marteinsson, V. Miroshnichenko, M. Bonch-osmolovskaya, E. Prieur, D. Et-birrien et al., Marinitoga piezophila sp. nov., a rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacterium isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.52, issue.4, p.1331, 2002.

D. Alazard, S. Dukan, A. Urios, F. Verhé, N. Bouabida et al., Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis sp. nov., a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from hydrothermal vents, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.53, issue.1, pp.173-178, 2003.

B. Albers, S. V. Koning, S. M. Konings, W. N. Et-driessen, and A. J. , Insights into ABC transport in archaea, Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes, vol.36, issue.1, pp.5-15, 2004.

S. V. Albers and B. H. Meyer, The archaeal cell envelope, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.9, issue.6, pp.414-426, 2011.

K. Apel and H. Et-hirt, Reactive oxygen species : metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol, vol.55, pp.373-399, 2004.

Y. Arfi, D. Chevret, B. Henrissat, J. G. Berrin, A. Levasseur et al., Characterization of salt-adapted secreted lignocellulolytic enzymes from the mangrove fungus Pestalotiopsis sp, Nature communications, vol.4, p.1810, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000933

H. Atomi, Recent progress towards the application of hyperthermophiles and their enzymes, Current opinion in chemical biology, vol.9, issue.2, pp.166-173, 2005.

H. Atomi, T. Fukui, T. Kanai, M. Morikawa, and T. Et-imanaka, Description of Thermococcus kodakaraensis sp. nov., a well studied hyperthermophilic archaeon previously reported as Pyrococcus sp, KOD1. Archaea, vol.1, issue.4, pp.263-267, 2004.

S. Bae, Y. Kim, S. Yang, J. Lim, J. Jeon et al., Thermococcus onnurineus sp. nov., a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Area at the PACMANUS Field, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol.16, 2006.

I. Bagyan, J. Hobot, and S. Et-cutting, A compartmentalized regulator of developmental gene expression in Bacillus subtilis, Journal of bacteriology, vol.178, issue.15, pp.4500-4507, 1996.

S. Bale, K. Goodman, P. Rochelle, J. Marchesi, J. Fry et al., Desulfovibrio profundus sp. nov., a novel barophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from deep sediment layers in the Japan Sea, International journal of systematic bacteriology, vol.47, issue.2, pp.515-521, 1997.

C. Balny, P. Masson, and K. Et-heremans, High pressure effects on biological macromolecules : from structural changes to alteration of cellular processes, Biochimica et biophysica acta, p.3, 2002.

S. F. Baron and J. G. Et-ferry, Purification and properties of the membrane-associated coenzyme F420-reducing hydrogenase from Methanobacterium formicicum, Journal of bacteriology, vol.171, issue.7, pp.3846-3853, 1989.

E. R. Barry and S. D. Bell, DNA replication in the archaea, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.70, issue.4, pp.876-887, 2006.

D. Bartlett, Pressure effects on in vivo microbial processes, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, vol.1595, issue.1, pp.367-381, 2002.

S. E. Beaulieu, InterRidge Global Database of Active Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fields : prepared for InterRidge, 2010.

S. K. Behura and D. W. Et-severson, Codon usage bias : causative factors, quantification methods and genome-wide patterns : with emphasis on insect genomes, Biological Reviews, vol.88, issue.1, pp.49-61, 2013.

S. D. Bell, P. L. Kosa, P. B. Sigler, and S. P. Et-jackson, Orientation of the transcription preinitiation complex in archaea, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.24, pp.662-675, 1999.

D. A. Benson, I. Karsch-mizrachi, K. Clark, D. J. Lipman, J. Ostell et al., GenBank. Nucleic acids research, vol.40, issue.D1, pp.48-53, 2012.

H. C. Berg, The rotary motor of bacterial flagella, Biochemistry, vol.72, issue.1, p.19, 2003.

J. Bina, J. Zhu, M. Dziejman, S. Faruque, S. Calderwood et al., ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae and its expression in vibrios shed by cholera patients, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.5, pp.2801-2806, 2003.

J. L. Birrien, X. Zeng, M. Jebbar, C. Bonavita, M. A. Quérellou et al., Pyrococcus yayanosii sp. nov., an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.61, pp.2827-2881, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00609785

J. Blom, S. Albaum, D. Doppmeier, A. Pühler, F. J. Vorhölter et al., EDGAR : a software framework for the comparative analysis of prokaryotic genomes, BMC bioinformatics, vol.10, issue.1, p.154, 2009.

A. Boc and V. Makarenkov, T-REX : a web server for inferring, validating and visualizing phylogenetic trees and networks, Nucleic acids research, vol.40, issue.W1, pp.573-579, 2012.

P. Bork and E. V. Et-koonin, A new family of carbon-nitrogen hydrolases, Protein Science, vol.3, issue.8, pp.1344-1346, 1994.

J. P. Bowman, C. R. Bittencourt, and T. Et-ross, Differential gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes during high hydrostatic pressure processing, Microbiology, vol.154, issue.2, pp.462-475, 2008.

M. M. Bradford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical biochemistry, vol.72, pp.248-54, 1976.

S. L. Bridger, W. A. Lancaster, F. L. Poole, G. J. Schut, and M. W. Et-adams, Genome Sequencing of a Genetically Tractable Pyrococcus furiosus Strain Reveals a Highly Dynamic Genome, Journal of bacteriology, vol.194, issue.15, pp.4097-4106, 2012.

A. B. Brinkman, T. J. Ettema, W. M. De-vos, . Et-van-der, and J. Oost, The Lrp family of transcriptional regulators, Molecular microbiology, vol.48, issue.2, pp.287-294, 2003.

A. M. Brown, S. L. Hoopes, R. H. White, and C. A. Et-sarisky, Purine biosynthesis in archaea : variations on a theme, Biology direct, vol.6, issue.1, p.63, 2011.

J. Bruton and W. H. Horner, Biosynthesis of streptomycin III. Origin of the carbon atoms of streptose, Journal of Biological Chemistry, issue.13, pp.3142-3146, 1966.

A. Calteau, M. Gouy, and G. Et-perrière, Horizontal transfer of two operons coding for hydrogenases between bacteria and archaea, Journal of molecular evolution, vol.60, issue.5, pp.557-565, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427722

S. Campanaro, L. Treu, and G. Et-valle, Protein evolution in deep sea bacteria : an analysis of amino acids substitution rates, BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol.8, issue.1, p.313, 2008.

S. Campanaro, A. Vezzi, N. Vitulo, F. Lauro, M. Angelo et al., Laterally transferred elements and high pressure adaptation in Photobacterium profundum strains, BMC genomics, vol.6, issue.1, p.122, 2005.

A. Certes, Sur la culture, a l'abri des germes atmospheriques, des eaux et des sediments rapportes par les expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman ; 1882-1883, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci, vol.98, pp.690-693, 1884.

Y. Charbonnier, B. Gettler, P. François, M. Bento, A. Renzoni et al., A generic approach for the design of whole-genome oligoarrays, validated for genomotyping, deletion mapping and gene expression analysis on Staphylococcus aureus, BMC genomics, vol.6, issue.1, p.95, 2005.

P. Chomczynski and N. Et-sacchi, The single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction : twenty-something years on, Nature protocols, vol.1, issue.2, pp.581-585, 2006.

M. C. Ciobanu, G. Burgaud, A. Dufresne, A. Breuker, V. Rédou et al., Microorganisms persist at record depths in the subseafloor of the Canterbury Basin, The ISME journal, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01056621

G. N. Cohen, V. Barbe, D. Flament, M. Galperin, R. Heilig et al., An integrated analysis of the genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi, Molecular microbiology, vol.47, issue.6, pp.1495-1512, 2003.

D. P. Connelly, J. T. Copley, B. J. Murton, K. Stansfield, P. A. Tyler et al., Hydrothermal vent fields and chemosynthetic biota on the world's deepest seafloor spreading centre, Nature communications, vol.3, p.620, 2012.

V. Consalvi, R. Chiaraluce, L. Politi, R. Vaccaro, M. De-rosa et al., Extremely thermostable glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus, European journal of biochemistry/FEBS, vol.202, issue.3, pp.1189-1196, 1991.

J. B. Corliss, J. Dymond, L. I. Gordon, J. M. Edmond, R. P. Von-herzen et al., Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift, Science, vol.203, issue.4385, pp.1073-1083, 1979.

P. Cramer, Multisubunit RNA polymerases, Current opinion in structural biology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.89-97, 2002.

E. F. Delong, Archaea in coastal marine environments, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.89, issue.12, pp.5685-5689, 1992.

. Bibliographie,

E. F. Delong and A. A. Et-yayanos, Biochemical function and ecological significance of novel bacterial lipids in deep-sea procaryotes, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.51, issue.4, pp.730-737, 1986.

D. Giulio and M. , A comparison of proteins from Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrococcus abyssi : barophily in the physicochemical properties of amino acids and in the genetic code, Gene, vol.346, pp.1-6, 2005.

D. Giulio and M. , The origin of the genetic code in the ocean abysses : new comparisons confirm old observations, Journal of theoretical biology, 2013.

G. Dinos, D. L. Kalpaxis, D. N. Wilson, and K. H. Et-nierhaus, Deacylated tRNA is released from the E site upon A site occupation but before GTP is hydrolyzed by EF-Tu, Nucleic acids research, vol.33, issue.16, pp.5291-5296, 2005.

J. Diruggiero, D. Dunn, D. L. Maeder, H. Shanks, R. Chatard et al., Evidence of recent lateral gene transfer among hyperthermophilic archaea, Molecular microbiology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.684-693, 2000.

G. Dong, C. Vieille, and J. G. Et-zeikus, Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding amylopullulanase from Pyrococcus furiosus and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.63, issue.9, pp.3577-3584, 1997.

M. Dontsova, L. Frolova, J. Vassilieva, W. Piendl, L. Kisselev et al., Translation termination factor aRF1 from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii is active with eukaryotic ribosomes, FEBS letters, vol.472, issue.2, pp.213-216, 2000.

W. Doster, S. Cusack, and W. Et-petry, Dynamical transition of myoglobin revealed by inelastic neutron scattering, Nature, vol.337, issue.6209, pp.754-756, 1989.

K. Egorova and G. Et-antranikian, Industrial relevance of thermophilic Archaea, Current opinion in microbiology, vol.8, issue.6, pp.649-655, 2005.

J. Eichler and J. Et-maupin-furlow, Post-translation modification in Archaea : lessons from Haloferax volcanii and other haloarchaea, FEMS microbiology reviews, vol.37, issue.4, pp.583-606, 2013.

M. G. Elferink, S. V. Albers, W. N. Konings, and A. J. Et-driessen, Sugar transport in Sulfolobus solfataricus is mediated by two families of binding protein-dependent ABC transporters, Molecular microbiology, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1494-1503, 2001.

S. J. Elledge, Z. Zhou, and J. B. Et-allen, Ribonucleotide reductase : regulation, regulation, regulation, Trends in biochemical sciences, vol.17, issue.3, pp.119-123, 1992.

E. A. Eloe, F. M. Lauro, R. F. Vogel, and D. H. Bartlett, The deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum SS9 utilizes separate flagellar systems for swimming and swarming under high-pressure conditions, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.74, issue.20, pp.6298-6305, 2008.

E. A. Eloe, F. Malfatti, J. Gutierrez, K. Hardy, W. E. Schmidt et al., Isolation and characterization of a psychropiezophilic alphaproteobacterium, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.77, issue.22, pp.8145-8153, 2011.

B. Erauso, G. Reysenbach, A. L. Godfroy, A. Meunier, J. R. Crump et al., Pyrococcus abyssi sp. nov., a new hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, Archives of microbiology, vol.160, issue.5, pp.338-349, 1993.

L. Erijman and R. M. Et-clegg, Heterogeneity of E. coli RNA Polymerase Revealed by High Pressure, Journal of molecular biology, vol.253, issue.2, pp.259-265, 1995.

E. Pujada, M. Debeire, P. Duchiron, F. Donohue, and M. J. , The type II pullulanase of Thermococcus hydrothermalis : molecular characterization of the gene and expression of the catalytic domain, Journal of bacteriology, vol.181, issue.10, pp.3284-3287, 1999.

P. Escobar-páramo, S. Ghosh, and J. Et-diruggiero, Evidence for genetic drift in the diversification of a geographically isolated population of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus, Molecular biology and evolution, vol.22, issue.11, pp.2297-2303, 2005.

M. V. Fawaz, M. E. Topper, and S. M. Et-firestine, The ATP-grasp enzymes, Bioorganic chemistry, vol.39, issue.5, pp.185-191, 2011.

G. Fiala and K. O. Stetter, Pyrococcus furiosus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100 C, Archives of Microbiology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.56-61, 1986.

T. Franck and . Robb, Genomics of Thermophiles, 2004.

C. Garzoni, P. Francois, A. Huyghe, S. Couzinet, C. Tapparel et al., A global view of Staphylococcus aureus whole genome expression upon internalization in human epithelial cells, BMC genomics, vol.8, issue.1, p.171, 2007.

H. Gest, Unknowledgeables promote "unculturables, Microbe, vol.3, issue.11, p.499, 2008.

J. M. González, Y. Masuchi, F. T. Robb, J. W. Ammerman, D. L. Maeder et al., Pyrococcus horikoshii sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough, Extremophiles, vol.2, issue.2, pp.123-130, 1998.

S. Grill, C. O. Gualerzi, P. Londei, and U. Et-bläsi, Selective stimulation of translation of leaderless mRNA by initiation factor 2 : evolutionary implications for translation, The EMBO journal, vol.19, issue.15, pp.4101-4110, 2000.

I. Grissa, G. Vergnaud, and C. Et-pourcel, The CRISPRdb database and tools to display CRISPRs and to generate dictionaries of spacers and repeats, BMC bioinformatics, vol.8, issue.1, p.172, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00194456

D. Grohmann, A. Hirtreiter, and F. Werner, Molecular mechanisms of archaeal RNA polymerase, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.37, issue.1, p.12, 2009.

M. Gross, K. Lehle, R. Jaenicke, and K. H. Et-nierhaus, Pressure-induced dissociation of ribosomes and elongation cycle intermediates, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.218, issue.2, pp.463-468, 1993.

A. M. Grunden, F. E. Jenney, K. Ma, M. Ji, M. V. Weinberg et al., In vitro reconstitution of an NADPH-dependent superoxide reduction pathway from Pyrococcus furiosus, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.71, issue.3, pp.1522-1530, 2005.

S. Guindon, J. F. Dufayard, V. Lefort, M. Anisimova, W. Hordijk et al., New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies : assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic biology, vol.59, pp.307-321, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00511784

Y. Gunawardana and M. Et-niranjan, Bridging the gap between transcriptome and proteome measurements identifies post-translationally regulated genes, Bioinformatics, vol.29, issue.23, pp.3060-3066, 2013.

D. H. Haft, J. Selengut, E. F. Mongodin, and K. E. Et-nelson, A guild of 45 CRISPRassociated (Cas) protein families and multiple CRISPR/Cas subtypes exist in prokaryotic genomes, PLoS computational biology, vol.1, issue.6, p.60, 2005.

D. H. Haft, J. D. Selengut, and O. Et-white, The TIGRFAMs database of protein families, Nucleic acids research, vol.31, issue.1, pp.371-373, 2003.

C. Hale, K. Kleppe, R. M. Terns, and M. P. Et-terns, Prokaryotic silencing (psi) RNAs in Pyrococcus furiosus, Rna, vol.14, issue.12, pp.2572-2579, 2008.

P. J. Haney, J. H. Badger, G. L. Buldak, C. I. Reich, C. R. Woese et al., Thermal adaptation analyzed by comparison of protein sequences from mesophilic and extremely thermophilic Methanococcus species, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.7, pp.3578-3583, 1999.

N. Heinecke, B. Pratt, T. Vaisar, and L. Becker, PepC : proteomics software for identifying differentially expressed proteins based on spectral counting, Bioinformatics, vol.26, issue.12, pp.1574-1575, 2010.

E. M. Heizer, D. W. Raiford, M. L. Raymer, T. E. Doom, R. V. Miller et al., Amino acid cost and codon-usage biases in 6 prokaryotic genomes : a whole-genome analysis, Molecular biology and evolution, vol.23, issue.9, pp.1670-1680, 2006.

J. Herrick and B. Et-sclavi, Ribonucleotide reductase and the regulation of DNA replication : an old story and an ancient heritage, Molecular microbiology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.22-34, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00284818

B. Herzog and R. Et-wirth, Swimming Behavior of Selected Species of Archaea, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.78, issue.6, pp.1670-1674, 2012.

C. Hildebrand and E. Et-pollard, Hydrostatic pressure effects on protein synthesis, Biophysical journal, vol.12, issue.10, pp.1235-1250, 1972.

B. Holden, J. F. Takai, K. Summit, M. Bolton, S. Zyskowski et al., Diversity among three novel groups of hyperthermophilic deep-sea Thermococcus species from three sites in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, FEMS microbiology ecology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.51-60, 2001.

I. B. Holland and M. Blight, ABC-ATPases, adaptable energy generators fuelling transmembrane movement of a variety of molecules in organisms from bacteria to humans, Journal of molecular biology, vol.293, issue.2, pp.381-399, 1999.

A. Howe, Deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna : evolution, dispersal, succession and biogeography, Macalester Reviews in Biogeography, vol.1, issue.1, p.6, 2009.

T. Hu, T. Guan, and L. Et-gerace, Molecular and functional characterization of the p62 complex, an assembly of nuclear pore complex glycoproteins, The Journal of cell biology, vol.134, issue.3, pp.589-601, 1996.

R. Huber, T. A. Langworthy, H. König, M. Thomm, C. R. Woese et al., Thermotoga maritima sp. nov. represents a new genus of unique extremely thermophilic eubacteria growing up to 90 C, Archives of Microbiology, vol.144, issue.4, pp.324-333, 1986.

L. D. Hurst, E. J. Feil, and E. P. Et-rocha, Protein evolution : causes of trends in aminoacid gain and loss, Nature, vol.442, issue.7105, pp.11-12, 2006.

A. Ishii, T. Oshima, T. Sato, K. Nakasone, H. Mori et al., Analysis of hydrostatic pressure effects on transcription in Escherichia coli by DNA microarray procedure, Extremophiles, vol.9, issue.1, pp.65-73, 2005.

A. Ishii, T. Sato, M. Wachi, K. Nagai, and C. Et-kato, Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on bacterial cytoskeleton FtsZ polymers in vivo and in vitro, Microbiology, vol.150, issue.6, pp.1965-1972, 2004.

Y. Ishino, H. Shinagawa, K. Makino, M. Amemura, and A. Et-nakata, Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product, Journal of bacteriology, vol.169, issue.12, pp.5429-5433, 1987.

H. Iwahashi, M. Odani, E. Ishidou, and E. Et-kitagawa, Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high hydrostatic pressure causing growth inhibition, FEBS letters, vol.579, issue.13, pp.2847-2852, 2005.

H. W. Jannasch and M. J. Et-mottl, Geomicrobiology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, Science, vol.229, issue.4715, pp.717-725, 1985.

H. W. Jannasch and C. D. Taylor, Deep-sea microbiology, Annual Reviews in Microbiology, vol.38, issue.1, pp.487-487, 1984.

K. F. Jarrell and S. V. Et-albers, The archaellum : an old motility structure with a new name, Trends in microbiology, vol.20, issue.7, pp.307-312, 2012.

M. Jasnin, Bioneutronique : la diffusion de neutrons pour l'étude de la dynamique des protéines. Spectra analyse, vol.35, p.28, 2006.

B. Jenney, F. E. Verhagen, M. F. Cui, X. Et-adams, and M. W. , Anaerobic microbes : oxygen detoxification without superoxide dismutase, Science, vol.286, issue.5438, pp.306-309, 1999.

E. Jolivet, S. L&apos;haridon, E. Corre, P. Forterre, and D. Et-prieur, Thermococcus gammatolerans sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent that resists ionizing radiation, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol.53, issue.3, pp.847-851, 2003.

W. Jones, J. Leigh, F. Mayer, C. Woese, and R. Et-wolfe, Methanococcus jannaschii sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic methanogen from a submarine hydrothermal vent, Archives of Microbiology, vol.136, issue.4, pp.254-261, 1983.

S. Jørgensen, C. E. Vorgias, and G. Et-antranikian, Cloning, Sequencing, Characterization, and Expression of an Extracellular ?-Amylase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus in Escherichia coli andBacillus subtilis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.272, issue.26, pp.335-351, 1997.

X. Jun, L. Lupeng, X. Minjuan, P. Oger, W. Fengping et al., Complete genome sequence of the obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1, Journal of bacteriology, vol.193, issue.16, pp.4297-4298, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00683340

J. H. Jung, J. H. Lee, J. F. Holden, D. H. Seo, H. Shin et al., Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. strain ST04, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide chimney on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Journal of bacteriology, vol.194, issue.16, pp.4434-4435, 2012.

M. Kanehisa and S. Et-goto, KEGG : kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, Nucleic acids research, vol.28, issue.1, pp.27-30, 2000.

M. Kanehisa, S. Goto, Y. Sato, M. Furumichi, and M. Et-tanabe, KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets, Nucleic acids research, vol.40, issue.D1, pp.109-114, 2012.

S. M. Kaneshiro and D. S. Clark, Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile Methanococcus jannaschii, Journal of bacteriology, vol.177, issue.13, pp.3668-3672, 1995.

S. Karlin, A. M. Campbell, and J. Et-mrazek, Comparative DNA analysis across diverse genomes. Annual review of genetics, vol.32, pp.185-225, 1998.

S. Karlin and J. Et-mrázek, Predicted highly expressed genes of diverse prokaryotic genomes, Journal of bacteriology, vol.182, issue.18, pp.5238-5250, 2000.

C. Kato, L. Li, Y. Nogi, Y. Nakamura, J. Tamaoka et al., Extremely barophilic bacteria isolated from the Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep, at a depth of 11,000 meters, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.64, issue.4, pp.1510-1513, 1998.

C. Kato and M. Et-qureshi, Pressure response in deep-sea piezophilic bacteria, Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology, vol.1, issue.1, pp.87-92, 1999.

B. Kato, C. Sato, T. Et-horikoshi, and K. , Isolation and properties of barophilic and barotolerant bacteria from deep-sea mud samples, Biodiversity & Conservation, vol.4, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1995.

N. Kato, H. Yurimoto, and R. K. Et-thauer, The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, vol.70, issue.1, pp.10-21, 2006.

Y. Kawarabayasi, M. Sawada, H. Horikawa, Y. Haikawa, Y. Hino et al., Complete sequence and gene organization of the genome of a hyper-thermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3, DNA research, vol.5, issue.2, pp.55-76, 1998.

T. Kawarai, M. Wachi, H. Ogino, S. Furukawa, K. Suzuki et al., SulA-independent filamentation of Escherichia coli during growth after release from high hydrostatic pressure treatment, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, vol.64, issue.2, pp.255-262, 2004.

H. Kettenberger, K. J. Armache, and P. Et-cramer, Architecture of the RNA polymerase II-TFIIS complex and implications for mRNA cleavage, Cell, vol.114, issue.3, pp.347-357, 2003.

S. Khelaifia, M. L. Fardeau, N. Pradel, C. Aussignargues, M. Garel et al., Desulfovibrio piezophilus sp. nov., a piezophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from wood falls in the Mediterranean Sea, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.61, issue.11, pp.2706-2711, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00747501

Y. Kim, H. Lee, E. Kim, S. Bae, J. Lim et al., Formate-driven growth coupled with H2 production, Nature, vol.467, issue.7313, pp.352-355, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09375

R. J. Klein, Z. Misulovin, and S. R. Et-eddy, Noncoding RNA genes identified in AT-rich hyperthermophiles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.11, pp.7542-7547, 2002.

H. Kobori, M. Sato, A. Tameike, K. Hamada, S. Shimada et al., Ultrastructural effects of pressure stress to the nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : a study by immunoelectron microscopy using frozen thin sections, FEMS microbiology letters, vol.132, issue.3, pp.253-258, 1995.

S. M. Koning, M. G. Elferink, W. N. Konings, and A. J. Et-driessen, Cellobiose Uptake in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Is Mediated by an Inducible, HighAffinity ABC Transporter, Journal of bacteriology, vol.183, issue.17, pp.4979-4984, 2001.

S. M. Koning, W. N. Konings, and A. J. Et-driessen, Biochemical evidence for the presence of two ?-glucoside ABC-transport systems in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Archaea, vol.1, issue.1, pp.19-25, 2002.

A. Krogh, B. Larsson, V. Heijne, G. Et-sonnhammer, and E. L. , Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model : application to complete genomes, Journal of molecular biology, vol.305, issue.3, pp.567-580, 2001.

M. Krzywinski, J. Schein, ?. Birol, J. Connors, R. Gascoyne et al., Circos : an information aesthetic for comparative genomics, Genome research, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1639-1645, 2009.

A. Bibliographie-lagorce, A. Fourçans, M. Dutertre, B. Bouyssiere, Y. Zivanovic et al., Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of the Archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans to Cadmium, PloS one, vol.7, issue.7, pp.41-935, 2012.

D. Langer, J. Hain, P. Thuriaux, and W. Et-zillig, Transcription in archaea : similarity to that in eucarya, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.92, issue.13, pp.5768-5772, 1995.

M. G. Langille and F. S. Et-brinkman, IslandViewer : an integrated interface for computational identification and visualization of genomic islands, Bioinformatics, vol.25, issue.5, pp.664-665, 2009.

W. C. Lau and J. L. Et-rubinstein, Structure of intact Thermus thermophilus V-ATPase by cryo-EM reveals organization of the membrane-bound VO motor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.4, pp.1367-1372, 2010.

F. M. Lauro, R. A. Chastain, L. E. Blankenship, A. A. Yayanos, and D. H. Bartlett, The unique 16S rRNA genes of piezophiles reflect both phylogeny and adaptation, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.73, issue.3, pp.838-845, 2007.

B. S. Laursen, H. P. Sørensen, K. K. Mortensen, and H. U. Et-sperling-petersen, Initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.69, issue.1, pp.101-123, 2005.

L. Chatelier and H. , Sur un énoncé général des lois des équilibres chimiques. Comptesrendus de l'Académie des sciences, vol.99, pp.786-789, 1884.

A. Lee, J. Sevinsky, J. Bundy, A. Grunden, and J. Et-stephenson-jr, Proteomics of Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon refractory to traditional methods, Journal of proteome research, vol.8, issue.8, pp.3844-3851, 2009.

H. S. Lee, S. S. Bae, M. S. Kim, K. K. Kwon, S. G. Kang et al., Complete genome sequence of hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus sp. strain NA2, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent area, Journal of bacteriology, vol.193, issue.14, pp.3666-3667, 2011.

H. S. Lee, S. G. Kang, S. S. Bae, J. K. Lim, Y. Cho et al., The complete genome sequence of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 reveals a mixed heterotrophic and carboxydotrophic metabolism, Journal of bacteriology, vol.190, issue.22, pp.7491-7499, 2008.

H. S. Lee, K. R. Shockley, G. J. Schut, S. B. Conners, C. I. Montero et al., Transcriptional and biochemical analysis of starch metabolism in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Journal of bacteriology, vol.188, issue.6, pp.2115-2125, 2006.

A. Lehmacher and R. Et-hensel, Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding 2-phosphoglycerate kinase from Methanothermus fervidus, Molecular and General Genetics MGG, vol.242, issue.2, pp.163-168, 1994.

E. Lerat, V. Daubin, and N. A. Et-moran, From gene trees to organismal phylogeny in prokaryotes : The case of the ?-proteobacteria, PLoS biology, vol.1, issue.1, p.19, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427440

B. Lipscomb, G. L. Keese, A. M. Cowart, D. M. Schut, G. J. Thomm et al., SurR : a transcriptional activator and repressor controlling hydrogen and elemental sulphur metabolism in Pyrococcus furiosus, Molecular microbiology, vol.71, issue.2, pp.332-349, 2009.

O. Littlefield, Y. Korkhin, and P. B. Sigler, The structural basis for the oriented assembly of a TBP/TFB/promoter complex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.24, pp.668-681, 1999.

W. Loenen, S-adenosylmethionine : jack of all trades and master of everything ?, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.34, issue.2, p.330, 2006.

P. Londei, Translation. Dans Archaea : molecular and cellular biology, 2007.

P. Lons-dale, Clustering of suspension-feeding macrobenthos near abyssal hydrothermal vents at oceanic spreading centers, Deep Sea Research, vol.24, issue.9, pp.857-863, 1977.

E. Lyons and M. Et-freeling, How to usefully compare homologous plant genes and chromosomes as DNA sequences, The Plant Journal, vol.53, issue.4, pp.661-673, 2008.

M. Macdonell and R. Et-colwell, Phylogeny of the Vibrionaceae, and Recommendation for Two New Genera, Listonella and Shewanella. Systematic and applied microbiology, vol.6, issue.2, pp.171-182, 1985.

R. B. Macgregor, Effect of hydrostatic pressure on nucleic acids, Biopolymers, vol.48, issue.4, pp.253-263, 1998.

R. B. Macgregor, The interactions of nucleic acids at elevated hydrostatic pressure, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, vol.1595, issue.1, pp.266-276, 2002.

D. L. Maeder, R. B. Weiss, D. M. Dunn, J. L. Cherry, J. M. González et al., Divergence of the hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and P. horikoshii inferred from complete genomic sequences, Genetics, vol.152, issue.4, pp.1299-1305, 1999.

M. Magrane, UniProt Knowledgebase : a hub of integrated protein data. Database : the journal of biological databases and curation, 2011.

K. S. Makarova, N. V. Grishin, S. A. Shabalina, Y. I. Wolf, and E. V. Et-koonin, A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes : computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action, Biology direct, vol.1, issue.1, p.7, 2006.

P. Mañas and B. M. Et-mackey, Morphological and physiological changes induced by high hydrostatic pressure in exponential-and stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli : relationship with cell death, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.70, issue.3, pp.1545-1554, 2004.

A. V. Mardanov, N. V. Ravin, V. A. Svetlitchnyi, A. V. Beletsky, M. L. Miroshnichenko et al., Metabolic versatility and indigenous origin of the archaeon Thermococcus sibiricus, isolated from a Siberian oil reservoir, as revealed by genome analysis, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.75, issue.13, pp.4580-4588, 2009.

V. M. Markowitz, I. M. Chen, K. Palaniappan, K. Chu, E. Szeto et al., IMG : the integrated microbial genomes database and comparative analysis system, Nucleic acids research, vol.40, issue.D1, pp.115-122, 2012.

R. E. Marquis, High-pressure microbial physiology, Adv. Microb. Physiol, vol.14, pp.159-241, 1976.

L. A. Marraffini and E. J. Sontheimer, CRISPR interference : RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.11, issue.3, pp.181-190, 2010.

V. T. Marteinsson, J. L. Birrien, A. L. Reysenbach, M. Vernet, D. Marie et al., Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, International journal of systematic bacteriology, vol.49, issue.2, pp.351-359, 1999.

V. T. Marteinsson, P. Moulin, J. Birrien, A. Gambacorta, M. Vernet et al., Physiological Responses to Stress Conditions and Barophilic Behavior of the Hyperthermophilic Vent Archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.63, issue.4, pp.1230-1236, 1997.

F. H. Martin and I. Et-tinoco, DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes containing oligo (dA : rU) sequences are exceptionally unstable and may facilitate termination of transcription, Nucleic acids research, vol.8, issue.10, pp.2295-2300, 1980.

V. Marty, M. Jasnin, E. Fabiani, P. Vauclare, F. Gabel et al., Neutron scattering : a tool to detect in vivo thermal stress effects at the molecular dynamics level in micro-organisms, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.10, issue.82, p.3, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01326140

W. Marwan, M. Alam, and D. Et-oesterhelt, Rotation and switching of the flagellar motor assembly in Halobacterium halobium, Journal of bacteriology, vol.173, issue.6, pp.1971-1977, 1991.

A. M. Matser, B. Krebbers, R. W. Van-den-berg, and P. V. Bartels, Advantages of high pressure sterilisation on quality of food products, Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol.15, issue.2, pp.79-85, 2004.

R. Matsumi, K. Manabe, T. Fukui, H. Atomi, and T. Et-imanaka, Disruption of a sugar transporter gene cluster in a hyperthermophilic archaeon using a host-marker system based on antibiotic resistance, Journal of bacteriology, vol.189, issue.7, pp.2683-2691, 2007.

F. Matsunaga, A. Glatigny, M. H. Mucchielli-giorgi, N. Agier, H. Delacroix et al., Genomewide and biochemical analyses of DNA-binding activity of Cdc6/Orc1 and Mcm proteins in Pyrococcus sp, Nucleic acids research, vol.35, issue.10, pp.3214-3222, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00167503

T. E. Mattes, B. L. Nunn, K. T. Marshall, G. Proskurowski, D. S. Kelley et al., Sulfur oxidizers dominate carbon fixation at a biogeochemical hot spot in the dark ocean, The ISME journal, 2013.

B. Matussek, K. Moritz, P. Brunner, N. Eckerskorn, C. Et-hensel et al., Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase, the key enzyme of cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in Methanothermus fervidus, Journal of bacteriology, vol.180, issue.22, pp.5997-6004, 1998.

R. Meganathan and R. Marquis, Loss of bacterial motility under pressure, Nature, vol.246, pp.525-527, 1973.

D. Merico, R. Isserlin, O. Stueker, A. Emili, and G. D. Bader, Enrichment map : a network-based method for gene-set enrichment visualization and interpretation, PloS one, vol.5, issue.11, pp.13-984, 2010.

P. Michels and D. Clark, Pressure-enhanced activity and stability of a hyperthermophilic protease from a deep-sea methanogen, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.63, issue.10, p.3985, 1997.

Z. Minic and P. D. Et-thongbam, The biological deep sea hydrothermal vent as a model to study carbon dioxide capturing enzymes, Marine drugs, vol.9, issue.5, pp.719-738, 2011.

M. L. Miroshnichenko, H. Hippe, E. Stackebrandt, N. A. Kostrikina, N. A. Chernyh et al., Isolation and characterization of Thermococcus sibiricus sp. nov. from a Western Siberia hightemperature oil reservoir, Extremophiles, vol.5, issue.2, pp.85-91, 2001.

T. Miura, H. Minegishi, R. Usami, and F. Et-abe, Systematic analysis of HSP gene expression and effects on cell growth and survival at high hydrostatic pressure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Extremophiles, vol.10, issue.4, pp.279-284, 2006.

Y. J. Moon, J. Kwon, S. H. Yun, H. L. Lim, M. S. Kim et al., Proteome analyses of hydrogen-producing hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 in different one-carbon substrate culture conditions, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, issue.6, p.11, 2012.

R. Y. Morita, Psychrophilic bacteria, Bacteriological reviews, vol.39, issue.2, p.144, 1975.

V. V. Mozhaev, K. Heremans, J. Frank, P. Masson, and C. Et-balny, High pressure effects on protein structure and function, Proteins : Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol.24, issue.1, pp.81-91, 1996.

N. Murayama, H. Shimizu, S. Takiguchi, Y. Baba, H. Amino et al., Evidence for Involvement of Escherichia coli Genes pmbA, csrA and a Previously Unrecognized Gene tldD, in the Control of DNA Gyrase by letD (ccdB) of Sex Factor F, Journal of molecular biology, vol.256, issue.3, pp.483-502, 1996.

K. Nakasone, A. Ikegami, H. Kawano, C. Kato, R. Usami et al., Transcriptional regulation under pressure conditions by RNA polymerase ?54 factor with a two-component regulatory system in Shewanella violacea, Extremophiles, vol.6, issue.2, pp.89-95, 2002.

B. Nelson, K. E. Clayton, R. A. Gill, S. R. Gwinn, M. L. Dodson et al., Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima, Nature, vol.399, issue.6734, pp.323-329, 1999.

A. Neuner, H. W. Jannasch, S. Belkin, and K. O. Stetter, Thermococcus litoralis sp. nov. : a new species of extremely thermophilic marine archaebacteria, Archives of microbiology, vol.153, issue.2, pp.205-207, 1990.

M. Nishiyama, Y. Sowa, Y. Kimura, M. Homma, A. Ishijima et al., High Hydrostatic Pressure Induces Counterclockwise to Clockwise Reversals of the Escherichia coli Flagellar Motor, Journal of bacteriology, vol.195, issue.8, pp.1809-1814, 2013.

G. W. Niven, C. A. Miles, and B. M. Et-mackey, The effects of hydrostatic pressure on ribosome conformation in Escherichia coli : an in vivo study using differential scanning calorimetry, Microbiology, vol.145, issue.2, pp.419-425, 1999.

Y. Nogi, S. Hosoya, C. Kato, and K. Et-horikoshi, Colwellia piezophila sp. nov., a novel piezophilic species from deep-sea sediments of the Japan Trench, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.54, issue.5, pp.1627-1631, 2004.

Y. Nogi, S. Hosoya, C. Kato, and K. Et-horikoshi, Psychromonas hadalis sp. nov., a novel piezophilic bacterium isolated from the bottom of the Japan Trench, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.57, issue.6, pp.1360-1364, 2007.

Y. Nogi, C. Kato, and K. Et-horikoshi, Psychromonas kaikoae sp. nov., a novel from the deepest piezophilic bacterium cold-seep sediments in the Japan Trench, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.52, issue.5, pp.1527-1532, 2002.

Y. Nogi, N. Masui, and C. Et-kato, Photobacterium profundum sp. nov., a new, moderately barophilic bacterial species isolated from a deep-sea sediment, Extremophiles, vol.2, issue.1, pp.1-8, 1998.

C. Noirot, C. Gaspin, T. Schiex, and J. Et-gouzy, LeARN : a platform for detecting, clustering and annotating non-coding RNAs, BMC bioinformatics, vol.9, issue.1, p.21, 2008.

K. M. Noll, P. Lapierre, J. P. Gogarten, and D. M. Et-nanavati, Evolution of mal ABC transporter operons in the Thermococcales and Thermotogales, BMC evolutionary biology, vol.8, issue.1, p.7, 2008.

J. Oberto, SyntTax : a web server linking synteny to prokaryotic taxonomy, BMC bioinformatics, vol.14, issue.1, p.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2105-14-4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00779628

M. O&apos;donnell, L. Langston, and B. Et-stillman, Principles and Concepts of DNA Replication in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, vol.5, 2013.

P. Oger and M. Et-jebbar, The many ways of coping with pressure, Research in microbiology, vol.161, issue.10, pp.799-809, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618586

B. Oger, P. Sokolova, T. G. Kozhevnikova, D. A. Chernyh, N. A. Bartlett et al., Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. strain AM4, capable of organotrophic growth and growth at the expense of hydrogenogenic or sulfidogenic oxidation of carbon monoxide, Journal of bacteriology, vol.193, issue.24, pp.7019-7020, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00682014

P. M. Oger and A. Et-cario, Adaptation of the membrane in Archaea. Biophysical chemistry, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02122759

I. Orita, T. Sato, H. Yurimoto, N. Kato, H. Atomi et al., The ribulose monophosphate pathway substitutes for the missing pentose phosphate pathway in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis, Journal of bacteriology, vol.188, issue.13, pp.4698-4704, 2006.

M. Ouhammouch, Transcriptional regulation in Archaea. Current opinion in genetics & development, vol.14, pp.133-138, 2004.

R. J. Parkes, C. D. Linnane, G. Webster, H. Sass, A. J. Weightman et al., Prokaryotes stimulate mineral H2 formation for the deep biosphere and subsequent thermogenic activity, Geology, vol.39, issue.3, pp.219-222, 2011.
DOI : 10.1130/g31598.1

A. Parsons and R. Et-heal, Biological Sensor. US 2002/0192637 A1, United States Patent Application, 2002.

W. Pathom-aree, Y. Nogi, I. C. Sutcliffe, A. C. Ward, K. Horikoshi et al., Dermacoccus abyssi sp. nov., a piezotolerant actinomycete isolated from the Mariana Trench, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.56, issue.6, pp.1233-1237, 2006.

S. Perrett and J. M. Et-zhou, Expanding the pressure technique : insights into protein folding from combined use of pressure and chemical denaturants, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, vol.1595, issue.1, pp.210-223, 2002.

J. Peters, N. Martinez, G. Michoud, A. Cario, B. Franzetti et al., Deep sea microbes probed by incoherent neutron scattering under high hydrostatic pressure, 2014.
DOI : 10.1515/zpch-2014-0547

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01149032

M. K. Pietilä, E. Roine, L. Paulin, N. Kalkkinen, and D. H. Et-bamford, An ssDNA virus infecting archaea : a new lineage of viruses with a membrane envelope, Molecular microbiology, vol.72, issue.2, pp.307-319, 2009.

P. F. Pluchon, T. Fouqueau, C. Crezé, S. Laurent, J. Briffotaux et al., An Extended Network of Genomic Maintenance in the Archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi Highlights Unexpected Associations between Eucaryotic Homologs, PloS one, vol.8, issue.11, pp.79-707, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00911795

N. Pradel, B. Ji, G. Gimenez, E. Talla, P. Lenoble et al., The First Genomic and Proteomic Characterization of a Deep-Sea Sulfate Reducer : Insights into the Piezophilic Lifestyle of Desulfovibrio piezophilus, PloS one, vol.8, issue.1, pp.55-130, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00787201

D. Prangishvili, P. Forterre, and R. A. Garrett, Viruses of the Archaea : a unifying view, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.4, issue.11, pp.837-848, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00107400

D. Prieur, G. Erauso, C. Geslin, S. Lucas, M. Gaillard et al., Genetic elements of Thermococcales, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.32, issue.2, pp.184-187, 2004.

C. Puissant and L. M. Et-houdebine, An improvement of the single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, Biotechniques, vol.8, issue.2, p.148, 1990.

M. H. Qureshi, C. Kato, and K. Et-horikoshi, Purification of two pressure-regulated c-type cytochromes from a deep-sea barophilic bacterium, Shewanella sp. strain DB-172F, FEMS microbiology letters, vol.161, issue.2, pp.301-309, 1998.

W. D. Reiter, U. Hüdepohl, and W. Et-zillig, Mutational analysis of an archaebacterial promoter : essential role of a TATA box for transcription efficiency and start-site selection in vitro, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.24, pp.9509-9513, 1990.

Q. Ren, K. Chen, and I. T. Et-paulsen, TransportDB : a comprehensive database resource for cytoplasmic membrane transport systems and outer membrane channels, Nucleic acids research, vol.35, issue.1, pp.274-279, 2007.

F. T. Robb, D. L. Maeder, J. R. Brown, J. Diruggiero, M. D. Stump et al., Genomic sequence of hyperthermophile, Pyrococcus furiosus : Implications for physiology and enzymology, Methods in enzymology, vol.330, pp.134-157, 2001.

E. Rosenbaum, F. Gabel, M. A. Durá, S. Finet, C. Barraud et al., Effects of hydrostatic pressure on the quaternary structure and enzymatic activity of a large peptidase complex from Pyrococcus horikoshii, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, vol.517, issue.2, pp.104-110, 2012.

J. R. Roth, J. G. Lawrence, M. Rubenfield, K. Higgins, S. Et-church et al., Characterization of the cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes of Salmonella typhimurium, Journal of bacteriology, vol.175, issue.11, pp.3303-3316, 1993.

E. G. Roussel, M. A. Bonavita, J. Querellou, B. A. Cragg, G. Webster et al., Extending the sub-sea-floor biosphere, Science, vol.320, issue.5879, pp.1046-1046, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617515

S. Rozen and H. Et-skaletsky, Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers, Bioinformatics methods and protocols, pp.365-386, 1999.

A. Saeed, V. Sharov, J. White, J. Li, W. Liang et al., TM4 : a free, open-source system for microarray data management and analysis, Biotechniques, vol.34, issue.2, p.374, 2003.

R. Y. Samson and S. D. Bell, Cell cycles and cell division in the archaea, Current opinion in microbiology, vol.14, issue.3, pp.350-356, 2011.

B. Sapra, R. Bagramyan, K. Et-adams, and M. W. , A simple energy-conserving system : proton reduction coupled to proton translocation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.13, pp.7545-7550, 2003.

M. K. Sarkar, K. Paul, and D. Blair, Chemotaxis signaling protein CheY binds to the rotor protein FliN to control the direction of flagellar rotation in Escherichia coli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.20, pp.9370-9375, 2010.

M. Schlesner, A. Miller, S. Streif, W. F. Staudinger, J. Müller et al., Identification of Archaea-specific chemotaxis proteins which interact with the flagellar apparatus, BMC microbiology, vol.9, issue.1, p.56, 2009.

E. Schneider, ABC transporters catalyzing carbohydrate uptake, vol.152, pp.303-310, 2001.

G. J. Schut, E. S. Boyd, J. W. Peters, and M. W. Et-adams, The modular respiratory complexes involved in hydrogen and sulfur metabolism by heterotrophic hyperthermophilic archaea and their evolutionary implications, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2012.

G. J. Schut, S. L. Bridger, and M. W. Et-adams, Insights into the metabolism of elemental sulfur by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus : characterization of a coenzyme A-dependent NAD (P) H sulfur oxidoreductase, Journal of bacteriology, vol.189, issue.12, pp.4431-4441, 2007.

R. Sealfon, M. Hibbs, C. Huttenhower, C. Myers, and O. Et-troyanskaya, GOLEM : an interactive graph-based gene-ontology navigation and analysis tool, BMC bioinformatics, vol.7, issue.1, p.443, 2006.

R. Serrano, Structure and function of plasma membrane ATPase. Annual review of plant biology, vol.40, pp.61-94, 1989.

P. Shannon, A. Markiel, O. Ozier, N. S. Baliga, J. T. Wang et al., Cytoscape : a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks, Genome research, vol.13, issue.11, pp.2498-2504, 2003.

K. R. Shockley, D. E. Ward, S. R. Chhabra, S. B. Conners, C. I. Montero et al., Heat shock response by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.69, issue.4, pp.2365-2371, 2003.

F. Sievers, A. Wilm, D. Dineen, T. J. Gibson, K. Karplus et al., Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega, Molecular systems biology, vol.7, issue.1, 2011.

M. Sinensky, Homeoviscous adaptation-a homeostatic process that regulates the viscosity of membrane lipids in Escherichia coli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.71, issue.2, pp.522-525, 1974.

L. Smeller, Pressure-temperature phase diagrams of biomolecules, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, pp.11-29, 2002.

B. Soderberg and T. , Biosynthesis of ribose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate in archaea : a phylogenetic analysis of archaeal genomes, Archaea, vol.1, issue.5, pp.347-352, 2005.

N. Soler, E. Marguet, D. Cortez, N. Desnoues, J. Keller et al., Two novel families of plasmids from hyperthermophilic archaea encoding new families of replication proteins, Nucleic acids research, vol.38, issue.15, pp.5088-5104, 2010.

R. Sorek, V. Kunin, and P. Et-hugenholtz, CRISPR-a widespread system that provides acquired resistance against phages in bacteria and archaea, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.6, issue.3, pp.181-186, 2008.

K. R. Strand, C. Sun, T. Li, F. E. Jenney, G. J. Schut et al., Oxidative stress protection and the repair response to hydrogen peroxide in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and in related species, Archives of microbiology, vol.192, issue.6, pp.447-459, 2010.

M. Strauch, G. Spiegelman, M. Perego, W. Johnson, D. Burbulys et al., The transition state transcription regulator abrB of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA binding protein, The EMBO journal, vol.8, issue.5, p.1615, 1989.

M. J. Sullivan, N. K. Petty, and S. A. Et-beatson, Easyfig : a genome comparison visualizer, Bioinformatics, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1009-1010, 2011.

N. Sun, C. Pan, S. Nickell, M. Mann, W. Baumeister et al., Quantitative proteome and transcriptome analysis of the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Journal of proteome research, vol.9, issue.9, pp.4839-4850, 2010.

J. Swire, Selection on synthesis cost affects interprotein amino acid usage in all three domains of life, Journal of molecular evolution, vol.64, issue.5, pp.558-571, 2007.

H. Szurmant and G. W. Et-ordal, Diversity in chemotaxis mechanisms among the bacteria and archaea, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.68, issue.2, pp.301-319, 2004.

M. Ta-kács, A. Tóth, B. Bogos, A. Varga, G. Rákhely et al., Formate hydrogenlyase in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus litoralis, BMC microbiology, vol.8, issue.1, p.88, 2008.

K. Takai, K. Nakamura, T. Toki, U. Tsunogai, M. Miyazaki et al., Cell proliferation at 122 C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.31, pp.949-959, 2008.

G. Talavera and J. Et-castresana, Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic biology, vol.56, pp.564-577, 2007.

H. Tamegai, C. Kato, and K. Et-horikoshi, Pressure-regulated respiratory system in barotolerant bacterium, Shewanella sp. strain DSS 12, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, vol.1, issue.3, pp.213-220, 1998.

H. Tamegai, S. Nishikawa, M. Haga, and D. H. Bartlett, The respiratory system of the piezophile Photobacterium profundum SS9 grown under various pressures, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, vol.76, issue.8, pp.1506-1510, 2011.

J. Tang, Microbial metabolomics, Current genomics, vol.12, issue.6, p.391, 2011.

A. Teske and K. B. Et-sørensen, Uncultured archaea in deep marine subsurface sediments : have we caught them all ?, The ISME journal, vol.2, issue.1, pp.3-18, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01663338

R. K. Thauer, A Fifth Pathway of Carbon Fixation, Science, vol.318, issue.5857, pp.1732-1733, 2007.

A. Thiel, G. Michoud, Y. Moalic, D. Flament, and M. Et-jebbar, Genetic manipulations of the hyperthermophilic piezophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus, Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01111536

T. Torsvik and I. D. Et-dundas, Bacteriophage of Halobacterium salinarium, Nature, vol.248, pp.680-681, 1974.

T. Tran, P. Büscher, G. Vandenbussche, L. Wyns, J. Messens et al., Heterologous expression, purification and characterisation of the extracellular domain of trypanosome invariant surface glycoprotein ISG75, Journal of biotechnology, vol.135, issue.3, pp.247-254, 2008.

T. Ulas, S. A. Riemer, M. Zaparty, B. Siebers, and D. Et-schomburg, Genome-scale reconstruction and analysis of the metabolic network in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, PloS one, vol.7, issue.8, pp.43-401, 2012.

G. Unden and J. Et-bongaerts, Alternative respiratory pathways of Escherichia coli : energetics and transcriptional regulation in response to electron acceptors, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, vol.1320, issue.3, pp.217-234, 1997.

J. Van-der-oost, G. Schut, S. M. Kengen, W. R. Hagen, M. Thomm et al., The Ferredoxin-dependent Conversion of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Represents a Novel Site of Glycolytic Regulation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.273, issue.43, pp.28-149, 1998.

C. Van-dover, S. Humphris, D. Fornari, C. Cavanaugh, R. Collier et al., Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents, Science, vol.294, issue.5543, pp.818-823, 2001.

M. W. Van-passel, E. E. Kuramae, A. C. Luyf, A. Bart, and T. Et-boekhout, The reach of the genome signature in prokaryotes, BMC evolutionary biology, vol.6, issue.1, p.84, 2006.

P. Vannier, Bases génomiques, protéomiques et transcriptomiques de l'adaptation aux hautes pressions hydrostatiques de l'archée hyperthermophiles : Thermococcus barophilus, 2012.

S. R. Vartoukian, R. M. Palmer, and W. G. Et-wade, Strategies for culture of 'unculturable'bacteria, FEMS microbiology letters, vol.309, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2010.

B. Verhees, C. Kengen, S. Tuininga, J. Schut, G. Adams et al., The unique features of glycolytic pathways in Archaea, Biochem. J, vol.375, pp.231-246, 2003.

A. Vezzi, S. Campanaro, M. Angelo, F. Simonato, N. Vitulo et al., Life at depth : Photobacterium profundum genome sequence and expression analysis, Science, vol.307, issue.5714, p.1459, 2005.

G. Vierke, A. Engelmann, C. Hebbeln, and M. Et-thomm, A novel archaeal transcriptional regulator of heat shock response, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.1, pp.18-26, 2003.

P. M. Vignais and B. Et-billoud, Occurrence, classification, and biological function of hydrogenases : an overview, Chemical Reviews, vol.107, issue.10, pp.4206-4272, 2007.

P. M. Vignais and A. Et-colbeau, Molecular biology of microbial hydrogenases, Current issues in molecular biology, vol.6, issue.2, pp.159-188, 2004.

P. Viswanathan, K. Murphy, B. Julien, A. G. Garza, and L. Et-kroos, Regulation of dev, an operon that includes genes essential for Myxococcus xanthus development and CRISPR-associated genes and repeats, Journal of bacteriology, vol.189, issue.10, pp.3738-3750, 2007.

C. Vogel and E. M. Et-marcotte, Insights into the regulation of protein abundance from proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.227-232, 2012.

W. Voorhorst, R. Eggen, E. Luesink, and W. Et-de-vos, Characterization of the celB gene coding for beta-glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and its expression and site-directed mutation in Escherichia coli, Journal of bacteriology, vol.177, issue.24, p.7105, 1995.

G. H. Wadhams and J. P. Et-armitage, Making sense of it all : bacterial chemotaxis, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.5, issue.12, pp.1024-1037, 2004.

I. Waege, G. Schmid, S. Thumann, M. Thomm, and W. Et-hausner, Shuttle vector-based transformation system for Pyrococcus furiosus, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.76, issue.10, pp.3308-3313, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/aem.01951-09

URL : https://aem.asm.org/content/76/10/3308.full.pdf

F. Wang, J. Wang, H. Jian, B. Zhang, S. Li et al., Environmental adaptation : genomic analysis of the piezotolerant and psychrotolerant deep-sea iron reducing bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3, PLoS One, vol.3, issue.4, p.1937, 2008.

X. Wang, Z. Gao, X. Xu, and L. Et-ruan, Complete Genome Sequence of Thermococcus sp. Strain 4557, a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Area, Journal of bacteriology, vol.193, issue.19, pp.5544-5545, 2011.

G. R. Warnes, B. Bolker, L. Bonebakker, R. Gentleman, W. Huber et al., gplots : Various R programming tools for plotting data, vol.2, 2009.

. Bibliographie,

M. V. Weinberg, G. J. Schut, S. Brehm, S. Datta, and M. W. Et-adams, Cold shock of a hyperthermophilic archaeon : Pyrococcus furiosus exhibits multiple responses to a suboptimal growth temperature with a key role for membrane-bound glycoproteins, Journal of bacteriology, vol.187, issue.1, pp.336-348, 2005.

T. Welch and D. Bartlett, Identification of a regulatory protein required for pressureresponsive gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9, Molecular microbiology, vol.27, issue.5, pp.977-985, 1998.

T. J. Welch and D. H. Bartlett, Isolation and characterization of the structural gene for OmpL, a pressure-regulated porin-like protein from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium species strain SS9, Journal of bacteriology, vol.178, issue.16, pp.5027-5031, 1996.

T. J. Welch, A. Farewell, F. C. Neidhardt, and D. H. Bartlett, Stress response of Escherichia coli to elevated hydrostatic pressure, Journal of bacteriology, vol.175, issue.22, pp.7170-7177, 1993.

F. Werner, Structure and function of archaeal RNA polymerases. Molecular microbiology, vol.65, pp.1395-1404, 2007.

F. Werner and R. O. Et-weinzierl, A recombinant RNA polymerase II-like enzyme capable of promoter-specific transcription, Molecular cell, vol.10, issue.3, pp.635-646, 2002.

J. R. White, P. Escobar-paramo, E. F. Mongodin, K. E. Nelson, and J. Et-diruggiero, Extensive genome rearrangements and multiple horizontal gene transfers in a population of Pyrococcus isolates from Vulcano Island, Italy. Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.74, issue.20, pp.6447-6451, 2008.

C. O. Wirsen, H. W. Jannasch, S. G. Wakeham, and E. A. Et-canuel, Membrane lipids of a psychrophilic and barophilic deep-sea bacterium, Current Microbiology, vol.14, issue.6, pp.319-322, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/bf01568697

R. Wirth, Response to Jarrell and Albers : seven letters less does not say more, Trends in microbiology, 2012.

C. R. Woese and G. E. Fox, Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain : the primary kingdoms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.74, issue.11, pp.5088-5090, 1977.

Y. I. Wolf, K. S. Makarova, N. Yutin, and E. V. Koonin, Updated clusters of orthologous genes for Archaea : a complex ancestor of the Archaea and the byways of horizontal gene transfer, Biol Direct, 2012.

G. Wu, D. E. Culley, and W. Et-zhang, Predicted highly expressed genes in the genomes of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis and the implications for their metabolism, Microbiology, vol.151, issue.7, pp.2175-2187, 2005.

K. B. Xavier, R. Peist, M. Kossmann, W. Boos, and H. Et-santos, Maltose metabolism in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis : purification and characterization of key enzymes, Journal of bacteriology, vol.181, issue.11, pp.3358-3367, 1999.

. Bibliographie,

X. Xiao, P. Wang, X. Zeng, D. H. Bartlett, and F. Et-wang, Shewanella psychrophila sp. nov. and Shewanella piezotolerans sp. nov., isolated from west Pacific deep-sea sediment, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.57, issue.1, pp.60-65, 2007.

C. Xie, X. Mao, J. Huang, Y. Ding, J. Wu et al., KOBAS 2.0 : a web server for annotation and identification of enriched pathways and diseases, Nucleic acids research, vol.39, issue.2, pp.316-322, 2011.

Y. Xu, Y. Nogi, C. Kato, Z. Liang, H. J. Rüger et al., Moritella profunda sp. nov. and Moritella abyssi sp. nov., two psychropiezophilic organisms isolated from deep Atlantic sediments, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.53, issue.2, pp.533-538, 2003.

Y. Xu, Y. Nogi, C. Kato, Z. Liang, H. J. Rüger et al., Psychromonas profunda sp. nov., a psychropiezophilic bacterium from deep Atlantic sediments, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, vol.53, issue.2, pp.527-532, 2003.

M. Yamada, K. Nakasone, H. Tamegai, C. Kato, R. Usami et al., Pressure Regulation of Soluble Cytochromesc in a Deep-Sea Piezophilic Bacterium, Shewanella violacea, Journal of bacteriology, vol.182, issue.10, pp.2945-2952, 2000.

Y. Yano, A. Nakayama, K. Ishihara, and H. Saito, Adaptive changes in membrane lipids of barophilic bacteria in response to changes in growth pressure. Applied and environmental microbiology, vol.64, pp.479-485, 1998.

N. Y. Yao and M. Donnell, SnapShot : the replisome, Cell, vol.141, issue.6, pp.1088-1088, 2010.

A. Yayanos, Evolutional and ecological implications of the properties of deep-sea barophilic bacteria, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.83, issue.24, p.9542, 1986.

A. Yayanos and R. Et-chastain, The influence of nutrition on the physiology of piezophilic bacteria, Microbial Biosystems : New Frontiers. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, 1999.

A. Yayanos, A. Dietz, and R. Et-van-boxtel, Obligately barophilic bacterium from the Mariana Trench, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.78, p.5212, 1981.

A. Yayanos and E. Et-pollard, A study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli, Biophysical Journal, vol.9, issue.12, pp.1464-1482, 1969.

A. A. Yayanos, Microbiology to 10,500 meters in the deep sea, Annual Reviews in Microbiology, vol.49, issue.1, pp.777-805, 1995.

H. Yoon and T. F. Et-donahue, The suil suppressor locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a translation factor that functions during tRNA (iMet) recognition of the start codon, Molecular and cellular biology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.248-260, 1992.

T. Yoshimochi, R. Fujikane, M. Kawanami, F. Matsunaga, and Y. Et-ishino, The GINS complex from Pyrococcus furiosus stimulates the MCM helicase activity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.283, issue.3, pp.1601-1609, 2008.

C. L. Zayas, J. D. Woodson, and J. C. Et-escalante-semerena, The cobZ gene of Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 encodes the nonorthologous replacement of the ?-ribazole-5'-phosphate phosphatase (CobC) enzyme of Salmonella enterica, Journal of bacteriology, vol.188, issue.7, pp.2740-2743, 2006.

M. E. Zegans, J. C. Wagner, K. C. Cady, D. M. Murphy, J. H. Hammond et al., Interaction between bacteriophage DMS3 and host CRISPR region inhibits group behaviors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Journal of bacteriology, vol.191, issue.1, pp.210-219, 2009.

X. Zeng, J. L. Birrien, Y. Fouquet, G. Cherkashov, M. Jebbar et al., Pyrococcus CH1, an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophile : extending the upper pressure-temperature limits for life, The ISME journal, vol.3, issue.7, pp.873-876, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406501

Y. Zhang, R. H. White, and S. E. Et-ealick, Crystal structure and function of 5-formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide synthetase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Biochemistry, vol.47, issue.1, pp.205-217, 2008.

Y. Zhou, Y. Liang, K. H. Lynch, J. J. Dennis, and D. S. Et-wishart, PHAST : a fast phage search tool, Nucleic acids research, vol.39, issue.2, pp.347-352, 2011.

Y. Zivanovic, J. Armengaud, A. Lagorce, C. Leplat, P. Guérin et al., Genome analysis and genomewide proteomics of Thermococcus gammatolerans, the most radioresistant organism known amongst the Archaea, Genome Biol, vol.10, issue.6, p.70, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00401146

C. E. Zobell and A. B. Et-cobet, Filament formation by Escherichia coli at increased hydrostatic pressures, Journal of bacteriology, vol.87, issue.3, pp.710-719, 1964.

C. E. Zobell and F. H. Et-johnson, The influence of hydrostatic pressure on the growth and viability of terrestrial and marine bacteria, Journal of bacteriology, vol.57, issue.2, p.179, 1949.