, Part 1: Literature review: Global Talent Offshoring -an emerging trend for working abroad 19

, Company and employee perspectives: what are the key factors for Global Talent Offshoring?, From expatriation to offshoring global talent

Q. .. Mmr, Chapter

, 162 1. Preparation for the QCA : transposition of criteria and senior executive interviews, Field work: intervention and, 2008.

, 213 2 Factors positively influencing global talent to accept GTO, Main results and their implications

, 261 3. Limitations and suggestions for further research, Added value and limitations of this research

. .. Résumé-en-français,

.. .. Annexes???,

.. .. Index??,

, Les futures recherches possibles: Tout d'abord, d'autres recherches pourraient permettre de comprendre si les résultats obte

, Enfin, cette étude était focalisée sur la délocalisation. Cependant, une autre forme d'optimi

M. Abdellatif, Organisation et contrôle des filiales des multinationales : une approche en termes de risque, 2007.

M. Abdellatif, B. Amann, and J. Jaussaud, International Firm Strategies: Is Cultural Distance a Main Determinant?, Transit Studies Review, vol.17, issue.4, pp.611-634, 2010.

S. J. Adamson, N. Doherty, and C. Viney, The Meaning of Career Revisited: Implications for Theory and Practice, British Journal of Management, vol.9, issue.4, pp.251-59, 1998.

N. J. Adler and S. Bartholomew, Managing Globally Competent People, Academy of Management Executive, vol.6, issue.3, pp.52-65, 1992.

T. Agarwala, Factors Influencing Career Choice of Management Students in India, Career Development International, vol.13, issue.4, pp.362-76, 2008.

M. Andresen, Job Embeddedness as a Predictor of Performance of Organizational and SelfInitiated Expatriates, 2014.

M. Andresen and F. Bergdolt, A Systematic Literature Review on the Definitions of Global Mindset and Cultural Intelligence -Merging Two Different Research Streams, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.28, pp.170-95, 2017.

M. Andresen and F. Bergdolt, Internationale Karrieren von Erwerbstätigen, 2018.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-48750-1_25

M. Andresen, F. Bergdolt, J. Margenfeld, and M. Dickmann, Addressing International Mobility Confusion -Developing Definitions and Differentiations for Self-Initiated and Assigned Expatriates as Well as Migrants, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.25, issue.16, 2014.

M. Andresen and T. Biemann, A Taxonomy of Global Careers: Identifying Different Types of International Managers, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.24, issue.3, pp.533-57, 2013.

M. Andresen, T. Biemann, and M. W. Pattie, What Makes Them Move Abroad? Reviewing and Exploring Differences between Self-Initiated and Assigned Expatriation, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.26, issue.7, pp.932-979, 2015.
DOI : 10.1080/09585192.2012.669780

A. Ariss, A. Cascio, W. F. Paauwe, and J. , Talent Management: Current Theories and Future Research Directions, Journal of World Business, vol.49, issue.2, pp.173-79, 2014.

A. Ariss, A. Crowley-henry, and M. , Self-Initiated Expatriation and Migration in the Management Literature: Present Theorizations and Future Research Directions, Career Development International, vol.18, issue.1, pp.0-34, 2013.

A. Ariss, A. Sidani, Y. , and S. , Le management international des talents dans une perspective institutionnelle: les conflits de logique dans les pays du Golfe, Management International Review, vol.19, issue.4, pp.168-183, 2014.

A. Shah, I. Fakhr, Z. Ahmad, M. S. Zaman, and K. , Measuring Push , Pull and Personal Factors Affecting Turnover Intention : A Case of university teachers in Pakistan, Review of Economic and Business Studies, vol.3, issue.1, pp.167-92, 2010.

U. M. Apte and R. O. Mason, Global Disaggregation of Information-Intensive Services, Management Science, vol.41, issue.7, pp.1250-62, 1995.

M. Armstrong-stassen, Designated Redundant but Escaping Lay-off: A Special Group of Layoff Survivors, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, vol.75, issue.1, pp.1-13, 2002.

R. Aron and J. V. Singh, Getting Offshoring Right, Harvard Business Review, vol.83, issue.12, pp.135-178, 2005.

M. B. Arthur and D. M. Rousseau, The Boundaryless Career, Academy of management review, vol.23, issue.1, pp.176-85, 1998.

R. Ashkenas, Signals: Capability: Strategic Tool for a Competitive Edge, Journal of Business Strategy, vol.16, issue.6, pp.13-15, 1995.

C. Ashton and L. Morton, Managing Talent for Competitive Advantage: Taking a Systemic Approach to Talent Management, Strategic HR Review, vol.4, issue.5, pp.28-31, 2005.

. At and . Kearney, Making Offshore Decisions: Offshore Location Attractiveness Index, 2004.

R. Athey, It's 2008: Do You Know Where Your Talent Is? Why Acquisition and Retention Strategies Don't Work, Deloitte Development LLC, vol.1, 2008.

N. Bajpai, J. D. Sachs, R. Arora, and H. Khurana, Global Services Sourcing: Issues of Cost and Quality, 2004.

S. Balakrishnan and M. P. Koza, Information Asymmetry, Adverse Selection and Joint Ventures: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol.20, issue.1, pp.99-117, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2681(93)90083-2

C. Y. Baldwin, Where Do Transactions Come from? Modularity, Transactions, and the Boundaries of Firms, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol.17, issue.1, pp.155-95, 2008.

C. Barmeyer and E. Davoine, Comment gérer le retour d'expatriation et utiliser les compétences acquises par les expatriés?, Gestion, vol.37, issue.2, pp.45-53, 2012.
DOI : 10.3917/riges.372.0045

J. Barney, Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, vol.17, issue.1, pp.99-120, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4

J. Barney and P. M. Wright, On Becoming a Strategic Partner: The Role of Human Resources in Gaining Competitive Advantage, Human Resource Management Journal, vol.37, issue.1, 1998.

Y. Baruch, Transforming Careers:from Linear to Multidirectional Career Paths: Organizational and Individual Perspectives, Career Development International, vol.9, issue.1, pp.58-73, 2004.
DOI : 10.1108/13620430410518147

Y. Baruch and Y. Altman, Expatriation and Repatriation in MNCS: A Taxonomy, Human Resource Management, vol.41, issue.2, pp.239-59, 2002.

Y. Baruch, P. S. Budhwar, and N. Khatri, Brain Drain: Inclination to Stay Abroad after Studies, Journal of World Business, vol.42, issue.1, pp.99-112, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jwb.2006.11.004

Y. Baruch, P. S. Budhwar, and N. Khatri, Brain Drain: Inclination to Stay Abroad after Studies, Journal of World Business, vol.42, issue.1, pp.99-112, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jwb.2006.11.004

Y. Baruch, M. Dickmann, Y. Altman, and F. Bournois, Exploring International Work: Types and Dimensions of Global Careers, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.24, issue.12, pp.2369-93, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00739956

Y. Barzel, Measurement cost and the organization of markets. The journal of law and economics, p.25, 1982.

X. Basurto, Linking Multi-Level Governance to Local Common-Pool Resource Theory Using Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Insights from Twenty Years of Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica, Global Environmental Change, vol.23, issue.3, pp.573-87, 2013.

S. Beechler and I. C. Woodward, The Global 'war for Talent, Journal of International Management, vol.15, issue.3, pp.273-85, 2009.

P. Berthon, M. Ewing, and L. L. Hah, Captivating Company: Dimensions of Attractiveness in Employer Branding, International journal of advertising, pp.151-72, 2005.

T. Biemann and M. Andresen, Self-initiated Foreign Expatriates versus Assigned Expatriates: Two Distinct Types of International Careers?, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol.25, issue.4, pp.430-478, 2010.

J. S. Black and H. B. Gregersen, High Impact Training: Forging Leaders for the Global Frontier, Human Resource Management, vol.39, issue.2-3, pp.173-84, 2000.

T. Blackman, Exploring Explanations for Local Reductions in Teenage Pregnancy Rates in England: An Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Social Policy and Society, vol.12, issue.1, pp.61-72, 2013.

S. Bonini, S. Görner, and A. Jones, How Companies Manage Sustainability, McKinsey Global Survey results, pp.1-8, 2010.

J. W. Boudreau and P. M. Ramstad, Talenthip Talent Segmentation, and Sustainability: A New HR Decision Science Paradigm for a New Strategy Definition, Human Resource Management, vol.44, issue.2, pp.129-165, 2005.

F. Bournois and S. Roussillon, The Management of 'Highflier'Executives In France: the Weight of the National Culture, Human Resource Management Journal, vol.3, issue.1, pp.37-56, 1992.

D. Bowen and E. Lawler, Empowering service employees, Sloan Management Review, vol.36, issue.4, 1995.

. Brookfield, Global Mobility Trends Survey, 2014.

N. S. Bruning and F. Cadigan, Corner Diversity and Global Talent Management : Are There Cracks in the Glass Ceiling and Glass Border ?, People and Strategy, vol.37, issue.3, pp.18-22, 2014.

A. Bryman, Integrating qualitative and quantitative research: how is it done?, Qualitative Research, vol.6, issue.1, pp.97-113, 2006.

M. Buckingham and R. Vosburgh, The 21st Century Human Resources Function: It's the Talent, Stupid!, People and Strategy, vol.24, issue.4, pp.17-23, 2001.

K. Bunyaratavej, E. D. Hahn, and J. P. Doh, International Offshoring of Services: A Parity Study, Journal of International Management, vol.13, issue.1, pp.7-21, 2007.

T. J. Calo, Talent Management in the Era of the Aging Workforce: The Critical Role of Knowledge Transfer, SAGE journals, 2008.

K. Cameron and J. Smart, Maintaining effectiveness amid downsizing and decline in institutions of higher education, Research in Higher Education, vol.39, issue.1, pp.65-86, 1998.

S. Carnahan and D. Somaya, The Other Talent War : Competing Through Alumni The Other Talent War, MIT Sloan management review, 2015.

M. Carpenter, G. Sanders, and H. Gregerse, Bundling human capital with organizational context: The impact of international assignment experience on multinational firm performance and CEO pay, vol.44, pp.493-511, 2001.

S. C. Carr, K. Inkson, and K. Thorn, From Global Careers to Talent Flow: Reinterpreting 'Brain Drain, Journal of World Business, vol.40, issue.4, pp.386-98, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jwb.2005.08.006

D. Cazal, E. Davoine, C. Louart, and P. , GRH et Mondialisation: Nouveaux Contextes, pp.1-8, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00805650

G. Chanson, Contributions a l'etude Des Determinants de La Decision d'externalisation: Une Analyse Dans Le, 2006.

H. Cheillan, Analyse et Conceptualisation Des Strategies BoP Par Le Prisme Des Performances Economique et Sociale: Du Sondage de Cas Aux Tests Empiriques, 2016.

D. G. Collings and K. Mellahi, Strategic Talent Management: A Review and Research Agenda, Human Resource Management Review, vol.19, issue.4, pp.304-317, 2009.

F. J. Contractor and S. Mudambi, The Influence of Human Capital Investment on the Exports of Services: An analysis of the top 25 services outsourcing countries, Management International Review, vol.48, issue.4, pp.433-445, 2008.

F. J. Contractor, V. Kumar, S. K. Kundu, and T. Pedersen, Reconceptualizing the Firm in a World of Outsourcing and Offshoring: The Organizational and Geographical Relocation of High-Value Company Functions, Journal of Management Studies, vol.47, issue.8, pp.1417-1450, 2010.

B. C. Coulson-thomas, Talent Management and building high performance organisations, Industrial and Commercial Training, vol.44, issue.7, pp.429-436, 2012.

V. Couto, M. Mani, A. Y. Lewin, and C. Peeters, The Globalization of White-Collar Work The Facts and Fallout of Next-Generation Offshoring, Booz Allen Hamilton, pp.1-13, 2006.

J. A. Coyle-shapiro and L. M. Shore, The Employee-Organization Relationship: Where Do We Go from Here?, Human Resource Management Review, vol.17, issue.2, pp.166-79, 2007.

J. A. Coyle-shapiro, A Psychological Contract Perspective on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol.23, pp.927-973, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/job.173
URL : http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/831/1/JOB_PC_and_OCB.pdf

J. A. Coyle-shapiro and I. Kessler, Exploring Reciprocity through the Lens of the Psychological Contract: Employee and Employer Perspectives, Journal of work and organizational psychology, vol.11, pp.69-86, 2002.

J. A. Coyle-shapiro and J. H. Neuman, The Psychological Contract and Individual Differences : The Role of Exchange and Creditor, Journal of vocational behavior, vol.64, pp.150-64, 2004.

J. W. Creswell and V. L. Clark, Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, 2011.

M. Crowley-henry, E. O'-connor, A. Ariss, and A. , Portrayal of Skilled Migrants' Careers in Business and Management Studies: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda, 2016.

E. Management-review, European Management Review

R. M. Cyert and J. March, A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, 1963.

E. Davoine, C. Ravasi, X. Salamin, and C. Cudré-mauroux, A "dramaturgical" analysis of spouse role enactment in expatriation: An exploratory gender comparative study in the diplomatic and consular field, vol.1, p.92, 2013.

R. J. Defillippi and M. B. Arthur, The Boundaryless Career: A Competency Based Perspective, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol.15, issue.4, pp.307-331, 1994.

T. Deloitte, Global Financial Services Offshoring Report, 2007.

M. Dickmann, Strategic Global Mobility and the Talent Management Conundrum, RES Forum Annual Report, 2015.

M. Dickmann and Y. Baruch, Global Careers, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00739956

M. Dickmann, N. Doherty, T. Mills, and C. Brewster, Why do they go? Individual and corporate perspectives on the factors influencing the decision to accept an international assignment, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.19, issue.4, pp.731-751, 2008.

M. Dickmann and H. Harris, Developing Career Capital for Global Careers: The Role of International Assignments, Journal of World Business, vol.40, pp.339-408, 2005.

K. T. Dirks and D. L. Ferrin, Trust in Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.87, issue.4, pp.611-639, 2002.

N. Doherty, M. Dickmann, and T. Mills, Exploring the motives of company-backed and selfinitiated expatriates, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.22, issue.3, pp.595-611, 2011.

N. Doherty and M. Dickmann, Measuring the Return on Investment in International Assignments: An Action Research Approach, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.23, issue.16, pp.3434-54, 2012.

R. Dossani and M. Kenney, The next Wave of Globalization: Relocating Service Provision to India, World Development, vol.35, issue.5, pp.772-91, 2007.

P. J. Dowling, R. S. Schuler, and D. Welch, International Dimensions of Human Resource Management, 1994.

D. W. Drezner, The Outsourcing Bogeyman, Foreign Affairs, vol.83, issue.3, pp.22-34, 2004.

N. Dries, The Psychology of Talent Management: A Review and Research Agenda, Human Resource Management Review, vol.23, issue.4, pp.272-85, 2013.

. Dries and R. Pepermans, Real ' High-Potential Careers An Empirical Study, Personal Review, vol.37, issue.1, pp.85-108, 2007.
DOI : 10.1108/00483480810839987

J. H. Dunning, The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions, Journal of international business studies, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-31, 1988.

F. Duvivier and C. Peeters, The use of expatriates in the offshoring of services -Framework and research propositions, 2011.

A. Edström and J. Galbraith, Alternative Policies for International Transfers of Managers, Management International Review, vol.34, pp.71-82, 1994.

F. Van-eenennaam and K. D. Brouthers, Global Relocation: High Hopes and Big Risks!, Long Range Planning, vol.29, issue.1, pp.84-93, 1996.

D. Farrell, Offshoring: Value Creation through Economic Change, Journal of Management Studies, vol.42, issue.3, pp.675-83, 2005.

D. Farrell and M. Laboissière, Sizing the Emerging Global Labor Market, McKinsey Quarterly, issue.3, pp.92-103, 2005.

M. Fenwick, International Compensation and Performance Management, in Harzing, International Human Resource Management, vol.307, 2004.

M. Fisher and P. A. Lewin, Push and Pull Factors and Hispanic Self-Employment in the USA, Small Business Economics, pp.1-16, 2018.

P. C. Fiss, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vols. 30A and 30B: Markets on Trial: The Economic Sociology of the US Fi, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.57, issue.2, pp.363-65, 2012.

N. J. Foss, Resources, Firms and Strategies, 1997.

N. J. Foss, The Competence-Based Approach: Veblenian Ideas in the Contemporary Theory on the Firm, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol.22, pp.479-96, 1998.

N. J. Foss, C. Knudsen, and C. A. Montgomery, An Exploration of Common Ground: Integrating Evolutionary and Strategic Theories of the Firm, Resource Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm : toward a synthesis, pp.1-17, 1995.

F. Gagne, Understanding the Complex Choreography of Talent Development through DMGTBased Analysis, International Handbook of giftedness and Talent, 2000.

E. Gallardo-gallardo, N. Dries, and T. F. González-cruz, What Is the Meaning of ' Talent ' in the World of Work ?, Human Resource Management Review, vol.23, issue.4, pp.290-300, 2013.

G. Gereffi, The New Offshoring of Jobs and Global Development, 2006.

J. Gooris and C. Peeters, Home -Host Country Distance in Offshore Governance Choices, Journal of international management, vol.20, pp.73-86, 2014.

J. C. Greene, Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry, 2007.

R. Grimaldi, E. Mattarelli, and M. R. Tagliaventi, The Influence of Professional Identity on New Opportunity Recognition in Offshoring Processes, 2009.

K. J. Gritzmacher, Staying Competitive through Strategic Management of Fast-Track Employees, National Productivity Review, vol.8, issue.4, pp.421-432, 1989.

T. G. Gutteridge, Organizational Career Development: Benchmarks for Building a World-Class Workforce, 1993.

D. T. Hall, Careers Protean Century of the, Academy of Management Executive, vol.10, issue.4, pp.8-16, 1996.

A. Haslberger, C. Brewster, and T. Hippler, The Dimensions of Expatriate Adjustment, Human Resource Management, vol.52, issue.3, pp.333-351, 2013.

J. F. Hennart, A Transaction Costs Theory of Equity Joint Ventures, Strategic Management Journal, vol.9, issue.4, pp.361-74, 1988.

G. Hofstede, Motivation, Leadership, and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?, Organizational Dynamics, vol.9, issue.1, pp.42-63, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-2616(80)90013-3

P. Holland, C. Sheehan, and A. Pyman, Attracting and Retaining Talent: Exploring Human Resources Development Trends in Australia, Human Resource Development International, vol.10, issue.3, pp.247-62, 2007.

L. Howe-walsh and B. Schyns, Self-Initiated Expatriation: Implications for HRM, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.21, issue.2, pp.260-73, 2010.
DOI : 10.1080/09585190903509571

E. C. Hughes, Institutional Office and the Person, American Journal of Sociology, vol.43, issue.3, pp.404-417, 1937.

T. Hutzschenreuter, A. Y. Lewin, and S. Dresel, Time to Success in Offshoring Business Processes a Multi Level Analysis, Management International Review, vol.51, issue.1, pp.65-92, 2011.

T. Hutzschenreuter, A. Y. Lewin, and W. Ressler, The Growth of White-Collar Offshoring: Germany and the US from 1980 to 2006, European Management Journal, vol.29, issue.4, pp.245-59, 2011.

P. Iles, Commentary on 'The Meaning of "Talent" in the World of Work, Human Resource Management Review, vol.23, issue.4, pp.301-305, 2013.

K. Inkson, M. B. Arthur, J. Pringle, and S. Barry, Expatriate Assignment versus Overseas Experience: Contrasting Models of International Human Resource Development, Journal of World Business, vol.32, issue.4, pp.351-68, 1997.

R. D. Iverson and J. Pullman, Determinants of Voluntary Turnover and Layoffs in an Environment of Repeated Downsizing Following a Merger: An Event History Analysis, Journal of Management, vol.26, issue.5, pp.977-1003, 2000.

J. Jaussaud and U. Mayrhofer, Les Tensions Global-Local : L'organisation et La Coordination Des Activités Internationales, Management international, vol.18, issue.1, pp.18-25, 2013.
DOI : 10.7202/1022217ar
URL : http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/mi/2013-v18-n1-mi01139/1022217ar.pdf

M. E. Jennex and O. A. Adelakun, Success Factors For Offshore Information Systems Development, Journal of Information Technology Cases and Applications, vol.5, issue.3, 2003.

P. D. Jensen, A Learning Perspective on the Offshoring of Advanced Services, Journal of International Management, vol.15, issue.2, pp.181-93, 2009.

B. Johnson and R. Gray, A History of Philosophical and Theoretical Issues for Mixed Methods Research, Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research, pp.69-94, 2010.

J. Kask and G. Linton, Business Mating: When Startups Get It Right, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, vol.26, issue.5, pp.511-536, 2013.
DOI : 10.1080/08276331.2013.876765
URL : http://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:705449/FULLTEXT01

S. E. Khilji, I. Tarique, and R. S. Schuler, Incorporating the Macro View in Global Talent Management, Human Resource Management Review, vol.25, issue.3, pp.236-284, 2015.

S. Kinkel and S. Maloca, Drivers and Antecedents of Manufacturing Offshoring and Backshoring-A German Perspective, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol.15, issue.3, pp.154-65, 2009.

Y. Y. Kor and J. T. Mahoney, Penrose's Resource-Based Approach: The Process and Product of Research Creativity, Journal of Management Studies, vol.37, issue.1, pp.109-148, 2000.

K. Kumar, P. C. Van-fenema, and M. A. Von-glinow, Offshoring and the Global Distribution of Work: Implications for Task Interdependence Theory and Practice, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.40, issue.4, pp.642-67, 2009.

M. M. Larsen and S. Manning, The hidden cost of offshoring: the impact of complexity, design orientation and experience, 2011.

N. Legewie, An Introduction to Applied Data Analysis with Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), Forum: qualitative social research, vol.14, issue.3, 2013.

C. Legrand, Dynamique Strategique Des Organisations Sportives et Modes de Regulation, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562313

D. Leonard and W. Swap, Deep Smarts, Harvard Business School Pres, pp.9-11, 2005.

A. Y. Lewin, S. Manning, C. Peeters, and S. Massini, Shifting firm boundaries in global services sourcing: transaction costs, emerging capabilities and experience-based learning, 2010.

A. Y. Lewin, S. Massini, and C. Peeters, Why Are Companies Offshoring Innovation? The Emerging Global Race for Talent, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.40, issue.8, pp.901-925, 2009.

A. Y. Lewin and C. Peeters, Offshoring Work: Business Hype or the Onset of Fundamental Transformation?, Long Range Planning, vol.39, issue.3, pp.221-260, 2006.

A. Y. Lewin and H. W. Volberda, Co-Evolution of Global Sourcing: The Need to Understand the Underlying Mechanisms of Firm-Decisions to Offshore, International Business Review, vol.20, issue.3, pp.241-51, 2011.

A. Y. Lewin and X. Zhong, The Evolving Diaspora of Talent: A Perspective on Trends and Implications for Sourcing Science and Engineering Work, Journal of International Management, vol.19, issue.1, pp.6-13, 2013.

M. Lewis, Happy Returns, Medical economics, vol.86, issue.8, pp.14-16, 2009.

J. P. Liebeskind, Knowledge, Strategy, and the Theory of the Firm, Strategic Management Journal, vol.17, issue.S2, pp.93-107, 1996.

A. Lochab and K. Mor, Career Boundaries in a 'Boundaryless' World, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, vol.3, issue.2, pp.119-143, 2013.

J. T. Mahoney, Resource-Based Theory, Dynamic Capabilities, and Real Options, pp.167-218, 2005.

J. T. Mahoney and G. Goertz, The Possibility Principle: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Research, American political science review, vol.98, issue.4, pp.653-69, 2004.

S. Mahroum, Highly Skilled Globetrotters : Mapping the International Migration of Human Capital, Research and Development Management, vol.30, issue.1, pp.23-31, 2000.

S. Manning, Mitigate, Tolerate or Relocate? Offshoring Challenges, Strategic Imperatives and Resource Constraints, Journal of World Business, vol.49, issue.4, pp.522-557, 2013.

. Manning and A. Y. Lewin, Why distance matters: the dynamics of offshor location choices, pp.0-37, 2009.

S. Manning, S. Massini, and A. Y. Lewin, A Dynamic Perspective on Next-Generation Offshoring: The Global Sourcing of Science and Engineering Talent, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol.22, issue.3, pp.35-54, 2008.

S. Manning, J. Sydow, and A. Windeler, Securing Access to Lower-Cost Talent Globally: The Dynamics of Active Embedding and Field Structuration, Regional Studies, vol.46, issue.9, pp.1201-1219, 2012.

J. Markusen, Modeling the Offshoring of White-Collar Services: From Comparative Advantage to the New Theories of Trade and FDI, National Bureau of Economic Research Working, 2005.

J. Martin and C. Schmidt, How to Keep Your Top Talent, Harvard Business Review, vol.88, issue.5, pp.54-61, 2010.

S. Massini, N. Perm-ajchariyawong, and A. Y. Lewin, Role of Corporate-Wide Offshoring Strategy on Offshoring Drivers, Risks and Performance, Industry and Innovation, vol.17, pp.337-71, 2010.

E. Mattarelli and M. R. Tagliaventi, work related identities, virtual work acceptance and the development of glocalized work practices in globally distributed teams, Industry and innovation, vol.17, issue.4, 2010.

H. Mayerhofer, L. C. Hartmann, G. Michelitsch-riedl, and I. Kollinger, Flexpatriate Assignments: A Neglected Issue in Global Staffing, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1371-89, 2004.

A. Mcdonnell, R. Lamare, P. Gunnigle, and J. Lavelle, Developing Tomorrow's LeadersEvidence of Global Talent Management in Multinational Enterprises, Journal of World Business, vol.45, issue.2, pp.150-60, 2010.

R. Mcivor, How the Transaction Cost and Resource-Based Theories of the Firm Inform Outsourcing Evaluation, Journal of Operations Management, vol.27, issue.1, pp.45-63, 2009.

. Mckinsey, The War for Talent, The McKinsey Quarterly, 1998.

M. Mcluhan, The Medium Is the Message, Communication Theory by Mortensen, 1967.

Y. Mcnulty and C. Brewster, The Concept of Business Expatriates, Research Handbook of Expatriates, 2017.

Y. Mcnulty and H. De-cieri, Linking Global mobility to Global Talent Management: the role of ROI. Employee relations, vol.38, pp.8-30, 2016.

Y. Mcnulty and J. Selmer, Biculturals , Monoculturals , and Adult Third Culture Kids : Individual Differences in Identities and Outcomes Kathrin J . Hanek, 2017.

, Mercer 2015. 2015 Quality of Living Survey

M. C. Meyers, M. Van-woerkom, and N. Dries, Talent -Innate or Acquired? Theoretical Considerations and Their Implications for Talent Management, Human Resource Management Review, vol.23, issue.4, pp.305-326, 2013.

D. Miller and J. Shamsie, The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Firm Studios from 1936-1965, Academy of Management Journal, vol.39, issue.3, pp.519-562, 1996.

S. Mithas and J. Whitaker, Is the World Flat or Spiky? Information Intensity, Skills, and Global Service Disaggregation, Information Systems Research, vol.18, issue.3, pp.237-59, 2007.

R. Mudambi and M. Venzin, The Strategic Nexus of Offshoring and Outsourcing Decisions, Journal of Management Studies, vol.47, issue.8, pp.1510-1543, 2010.

A. Nanda, N. Nohria, and B. Groysberg, The Risky Buisness of Hiring Stars, Havard Buisness Review, pp.93-100, 2009.

P. T. Ng, The Global War for Talent: Responses and Challenges in the Singapore Higher Education System, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol.35, issue.3, pp.280-92, 2013.

H. Olya and Y. Gavilyan, Configurational Models to Predict Residents' Support for Tourism Development, Journal of Travel Research, 2017.

H. G. Olya and L. Altinay, Asymmetric modeling of intention to purchase tourism weather insurance and loyalty, Journal of Business Research, vol.69, issue.8, pp.2791-2800, 2015.

. Ornstein, The Search for Talent, Society, vol.52, issue.2, pp.142-191, 2015.

S. J. Palmisano, The Globally Integrated Enterprise, Foreign affairs, vol.85, issue.3, pp.127-163, 2006.

C. Peeters, S. Point, P. Garcia-prieto, and A. Davila, La diversité culturelle dans les délocalisations : apports nuancés de deux littératures, vol.18, pp.178-93, 2007.

M. Peiperl and Y. Baruch, Back to Square Zero: The Post-Corporate Career, Organizational Dynamics, vol.25, issue.4, pp.7-22, 1997.

M. Peiperl, O. Levy, and M. Sorell, Cross-Border Mobility of Self-Initiated and Organizational Expatriates, International Studies of Management and Organization, vol.44, issue.3, pp.44-65, 2014.

E. Penrose, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, 1959.

E. T. Penrose, Limits to the Growth and Size of Firms, American Economic Review, vol.45, pp.531-574, 1955.

R. Pepermans, D. Vloeberghs, and B. Perkisas, High Potential Identification Policies : An Empirical Study among Belgian Companies, Journal of Management Development, vol.22, issue.8, pp.660-78, 2003.

S. Peter, L'institutionnalisation Du Marche de La Microfinance: Le Cas Du Gabon, 2015.

M. Peteraf, The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View, Strategic Management Journal, vol.14, pp.179-91, 1993.

T. Peters, Leaders as Talent Fanatics, Leadership Excellence, pp.12-13, 2006.

J. Pfeffer, Fighting the War for Talent Is Hazardous to Your Organization's Health, Organizational Dynamics, vol.29, issue.4, pp.248-59, 2001.

S. Point and D. Dickmann, Branding International Careers: An Analysis of Multinational Corporations' Official Wording, European Management Journal, vol.30, issue.1, pp.18-31, 2012.

E. E. Potter, Changing Workforce Demographics and Management Challenges, 2005.

A. Ericsson, M. J. Prietula, and E. T. Cokely, The making of an expert, Harvard Business Review, pp.115-121, 2007.

C. Ragin, The Comparative Mathod: Moving beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies, 2014.

C. Ragin, Turning the tables: how case-oriented research challenges varable-oriented research, Comparative Social Research, vol.16, pp.27-42, 1997.

C. Ragin, Fuzzy-Set Social Science, 2000.

C. Ragin, Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage, Political Analysis, vol.14, issue.3, pp.291-310, 2006.

S. Ravasi, X. Salamin, and E. Davoine, Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Skilled Migrants in a Multicultural and Multilingual Environment: An Explorative Study of Foreign Employees and Their Spouses in the Swiss Context, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.26, issue.10, pp.1335-59, 2015.

D. A. Ready, J. A. Conger, and L. A. Hill, Are You a Potential ?, Harvard business Review, pp.79-84, 2010.

S. L. Robinson and E. W. Morrison, Psychological Contracts and OCB: The Effect of Unfulfilled Obligations on Civic Virtue Behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol.16, issue.3, pp.289-98, 1995.

S. L. Robinson and E. W. Morrison, The Development of Psychological Contract Breach and Violation: A Longitudinal Study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol.21, issue.5, pp.525-571, 2000.

J. E. Rosenbaum, Tournament Mobility: Career Patterns in a Corporation, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.24, pp.220-261, 1979.

D. M. Rousseau, Psychological and implied contracts in organizations, Employee Responsabilities and Rights Journal, vol.2, issue.2, pp.121-139, 1989.

D. M. Rousseau, Changing the Deal While Keeping the People, Academy of Management Executive, vol.10, issue.1, pp.50-59, 1996.

A. M. Rugman and A. Verbeke, Edith Penrose's Contribution to the Resource-Based View of Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, vol.23, issue.8, pp.769-80, 2002.

J. Salt, Highly-Skilled International Migrants, Careers and Internal Labour Markets, Geoforum;Journal of physical, human, and regional geosciences, vol.19, issue.4, pp.387-99, 1988.

J. Salt, International Movements of the Highly Skilled, 1997.

C. Q. Schneider and C. Wagemann, Standards of Good Practice in Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Fuzzy Sets, 2010.

F. Sen and M. Shiel, From Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) to Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO): Some Issues, Human Systems Management, vol.25, issue.2, pp.145-55, 2006.

K. A. Seny-kan, Interaction des systèmes de gouvernance d'entreprise : les groupes multinationaux comme terrain d'analyse, 2010.

S. Duncan and A. L. , Le contrôle dans la relation client-fournisseur à l'international : le cas des PME françaises à l, 2008.

J. Shaw, T. Y. Park, and E. Kim, A Resource-Based Perpsective on Human Capital Lossed, HRM Investments, and Organizational Performance, Strategic Management Journal, vol.34, pp.572-589, 2013.

B. Smart, The Sport Star: Modern Sport and the Cultural Economy of Sporting Celebrity, 2005.

P. Sparrow, C. Brewster, and C. Chung, Routledge Global Human Resource Management, 2016.

M. Stack and R. Downing, Another Look at Offshoring: Which Jobs Are at Risk and Why?, Business Horizons, vol.48, issue.6, pp.513-536, 2005.

G. K. Stahl, I. Bjorkman, E. Farndale, S. Morris, P. Stiles et al., Global Talent Management: How Leading Multinationals Build and Sustain Their Talent Pipeline -INSEAD, 2007.

G. K. Stahl and J. L. Cerdin, Global Careers in French and German Multinational Corporations, Journal of Management Development, vol.23, pp.885-902, 2004.

I. Stevenson, Does Technology Have an Impact on Learning? A Fuzzy Set Analysis of Historical Data on the Role of Digital Repertoires in Shaping the Outcomes of Classroom Pedagogy, Computers and Education, vol.69, pp.148-58, 2013.

T. Straubhaar and A. Wolter, Globalisation, Internal Labour Markets and the Migration of the Highly Skilled, Intereconomics, vol.32, issue.4, pp.174-80, 1997.

L. K. Stroh, Predicting Turnover among Repatriates: Can Organizations Affect Retention Rates?, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.6, issue.2, pp.443-56, 1995.

S. E. Sullivan and Y. Baruch, Advances in career theory and research: a critical review and agenda for future exploration, Journal of management, vol.35, pp.1542-1571, 2009.

V. Suutari and C. Brewster, Making Their Own Way : Through Self-Initiated Foreign, Journal of World Business, pp.417-453, 2000.

V. Suutari, C. Brewster, L. Mäkelä, M. Dickmann, and C. Tornikoski, The Effect of International Work Experience on the Career Success of Expatriates: A Comparison of Assigned and Self-Initiated Expatriates, Human Resource Management, vol.57, issue.1, pp.37-54, 2018.

H. Tanriverdi, P. Konana, and G. Ling, The Choice of Sourcing Mechanisms for Business Processes, Information Systems Research, vol.18, issue.3, pp.280-99, 2007.

C. Tansley, What Do We Mean by the Term '" Talent "' in Talent Management ?, Industrial and Commercial Training, vol.43, issue.5, pp.266-74, 2012.

A. Thiem and M. Baumgartner, Modeling causal irrelevance in evaluations of configurational comparative methods, American Sociological Review, vol.46, issue.1, pp.345-57, 2016.

R. L. Tung, V. Worm, and S. A. Petersen, How small nations fare in the global war on talent: the case of Denmark, Journal of Small Business Strategy, vol.19, issue.1, 2008.

R. L. Tung and M. Lazarova, Brain Drain versus Brain Gain: An Exploratory Study of ExHost Country Nationals in Central and East Europe, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.17, issue.11, pp.1853-72, 2006.

D. Ulrich, From War for Talent to Victory through Organization, Strategic HR Review, vol.14, issue.2, pp.8-12, 2015.

D. Ulrich and N. Smallwood, What Is Talent ? Leader to Leader, pp.55-62, 2012.

K. Vaccarini, Managing Sino-European FDI : Perceptions of Psychic Distance and Culture, 2016.

K. Vaccarini, C. Lattemann, F. Spigarelli, and E. Tavoletti, Chinese FDI and Psychic Distance Perceptions on Regulations in the German Renewable Energy Sector, Energy Policy, vol.101, pp.723-755, 2017.

V. Vaiman, A. Haslberger, and C. M. Vance, Recognizing the Important Role of Self-Initiated Expatriates in Effective Global Talent Management, Human Resource Management Review, vol.25, issue.3, pp.280-86, 2015.

S. D. Vivek, R. G. Richey, and V. Dalela, A Longitudinal Examination of Partnership Governance in Offshoring: A Moving Target, Journal of World Business, vol.44, issue.1, pp.16-30, 2009.

J. Walker and J. Larocco, Talent Pools: The Best and the Rest, Human Resource Planning, pp.12-14, 2003.

B. Wernerfelt, A Resource-Based View of the Firm, Journal of Strategic Management, vol.5, pp.171-80, 1982.

B. Wernerfelt, The Resource-Based View of the Firm: Ten Years Later, Strategic Management Journal, vol.16, issue.3, pp.171-74, 1995.

M. K. Westner and S. Strahringer, Evaluation Criteria for Selecting Offshoring Candidates: An Analysis of Practices in German Businesses, Journal of Information Technology Management XIX, issue.4, pp.16-34, 2008.

M. Westner and S. Strahringer, Determinants of Success in IS Offshoring Projects: Results from an Empirical Study of German Companies, Information and Management, vol.47, issue.5, pp.291-99, 2010.

H. L. Wilensky, The Professionalization of Everyone?, American Journal of Sociology, vol.70, pp.137-58, 1964.

M. Williams, The War for Talent: Getting the Best from the Best, Human Resource Management Journal, vol.11, p.91, 2001.

O. E. Williamson, Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.36, issue.2, pp.269-96, 1991.

O. E. Williamson, Strategy Research: Governance and Competence Perspectives, Strategic Management Journal, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1087-1108, 1999.

N. C. Williamson, J. Bhadury, K. Dobie, V. Ofori-boadu, S. P. Troy et al., Business Coursework and the Resource-Based View (RBV), International Journal of Wine Business Research, vol.24, issue.1, pp.19-32, 2012.

D. Winkler, Services Offshoring and Its Impact on Productivity and Employment: Evidence from Germany, World Economy, vol.33, issue.12, pp.1672-1701, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01269.x

J. Yurkiewicz and B. Rosen, Increasing Receptivity to Expatriate Assignment, pp.37-56, 1995.

W. Zhao and X. Zhou, Intraorganizational Career Advancement and Voluntary Turnover in a Multinational Bank in Taiwan, Career Development International, vol.13, issue.5, pp.402-426, 2008.

. Dickmann, , vol.333, p.346

. Talent, , vol.331, p.336

, GTO, vol.310, p.369

I. Ia, , vol.252, p.255

M. Mayerhofer, , vol.10, p.331

, Mixed Methods Research, vol.15, p.329

, MMR, vol.15, p.282

, Organizational offshoring, vol.279, p.345

, P Psychological contract, vol.279, p.282

Q. Qca, , vol.367, p.369

, Qualitative comparative analysis, vol.116, p.121

R. Rbv, , vol.86, p.337

, Resource based view, 15 S Self-initiated-expatriation, vol.2, p.248

, SIE, vol.10, p.255