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, Ectocarpus présente un cycle de vie haplo-diploïde avec l'alternance de deux générations multicellulaires : un gamétophyte haploïde et un sporophyte diploïde. Deux mutants présentent un changement homéotique entre les programmes de développement des générations sporophyte et gamétophyte. Les mutants réitèrent le programme de développement du gamétophyte à la place du sporophyte. Ces mutants, appelés ouroboros (oro) et samsara (sam), sont affectés dans deux gènes différents codant pour des facteurs de transcription à homéodomaine de classe TALE. Ma thèse porte sur la caractérisation des deux facteurs de transcription ORO et SAM ainsi que sur les dynamiques chromatiniennes sous-jacentes. Ainsi, cette thèse présente les phénotypes des deux mutants oro et sam ainsi qu'une comparaison du transcriptome des mutants avec celui des générations gamétophyte et sporophyte (Chapitre 2). L'interaction entre ORO et SAM a été également testée et a lieu au niveau de chaque homéodomaine (Chapitre 2). Les préférences de liaison à l'ADN des deux facteurs de transcription ont été évaluées in vitro en utilisant les techniques de Protein Binding Microarray et de DAP-seq (Chapitre 3). De plus, un criblage par double-hybride de levure a permis d'identifier deux sous-unités C de la famille de facteurs de transcription Nuclear Factor Y interagissant avec ORO (Chapitre 3). Cette thèse a également permis des avancées importantes dans l'étude de la régulation de la chromatine notamment en mettant au point un protocole d'immunoprecipitation de la chromatine (Chapitre 4). Ainsi, les profils de six modifications posttraductionnelles d'histones sur l'ensemble du génome ont été établis (Chapitre 5). ORO et SAM sont deux régulateurs majeurs de l'initiation du programme associé au sporophyte. Les résultats suggèrent également que ORO et SAM pourrait être impliqués directement dans la reprogrammation de la, RESUME Les processus moléculaires qui contrôlent le cycle de vie sont essentiels pour que divers processus biologiques, y compris le développement multicellulaire, soient correctement initiés. Le découplage entre les programmes de développement et le cycle de vie peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques sur l'organisme. L'algue brune filamenteuse Ectocarpus est d'un intérêt particulier pour analyser les processus moléculaires impliqués dans le développement et la progression du cycle de vie

. Mots-clés,