The process of institutionalization of intangible heritage : their stakes mediation and updating
Le Rhizome patrimonial : analyser un mouvement hétérogène d'acteurs et de sens
Résumé
This thesis seeks to explore the regimes of patrimonialization of patrimonies, or patrimonial heritage, based on social dynamics of identification, recognition and enhancement of objects called "patrimonies". However, there is a communicational interpretation envisaging the understanding of a discursive productivity of the patrimonial value. In other words, we are interested in the construction of the patrimonial sense from the social discourse. Through the realization of two field surveys, in the city of Valença, in the region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the "Territoire des Garrigues", in the Occitanie region, in France, we question how an object material or immaterial, is likely to become heritage through symbolic productions. A third observation, of distinct characteristics, was important for the development of this research: it is the "Ninth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage", an event which took place in November 2014 in the UNESCO Headquarters, Paris. This work attempts to describe the heritage as a movement that is transformed and actualized from the discourse of the different actors involved: owners, amateurs, practitioners, associations, researchers, institutional, among others. This is why we consider the discourse from its illocutionary force, which allows us to identify it as an action that aims to "make-do" (Austin, [1962] 1970) or "to make action". In this respect, we have developed a methodological method of webdocumentary writing with the aim of analyzing semio-pragmatically the different discourses collected and provoked during our observations. This device gives us the initiative to produce and manipulate different formats of documents, such as audio-visual, sound, photographic and cartographic. Added to this production is the collection of a heterogeneity of documents produced by the actors themselves or by third parties. Therefore, our methodological method of webdocumentary writing allows us to manipulate this set of heterogeneous documents, that is to say the organization and formatting, with the aim of exposing the possible layouts of actors. and the begetting of actions and patrimonial meanings. From this manipulation, considered as the "intermediate writing" (Achard, 1994) of our research, is gradually emerging a "rhizomatic" conception (Deleuze and Guattari, 1980) of the patrimonialisation, where the actors are at the same time act and act of this movement in perpetual transformation. The idea of a "rhizome" of heritage rhizomes evolves during the chapters of this thesis revealing a patrimonial movement that organizes the actors and generates the senses. This rhizomatic movement is notably the producer of reflections on the past "which borrows from the signified in the present and opens the way for the future" (Mattos and Abreu, 2005). Patrimonialization described as a "Heritage Rhizome" becomes an integrated exercise in the public space, also allowing us to open up to other conceptions of public space.
Cette thèse cherche à explorer les régimes de patrimonialisation des patrimoines, ou encore de patrimonialité des patrimoines, à partir des dynamiques sociales d’identification, de reconnaissance et de mise en valeur des objets dits « patrimoines ». Pour autant, s’opère une interprétation communicationnelle envisageant la compréhension d’une productivité discursive de la valeur patrimoniale. En d’autres termes, nous nous intéressons à la construction du sens patrimonial à partir du discours social. Ce travail s’efforce alors à décrire la patrimonialisation comme un mouvement qui se transforme et s’actualise à partir du discours des différents acteurs impliqués : détenteurs, amateurs, praticiens, associatifs, chercheurs, institutionnels, entre autres. C’est pourquoi nous considérons le discours depuis sa force illocutoire, ce qui nous permet de l’identifier comme une action qui vise « faire-faire » (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou encore « faire agir ». À cet égard, nous avons élaboré un dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire dans la finalité d’analyser sémio-pragmatiquement les différents discours collectés et provoqués lors des nos observations. Pour lors, notre dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire nous autorise la manipulation d’un ensemble de documents hétérogènes, c’est-à-dire l’organisation et la mise en forme, dans l’objectif d’exposer les possibles agencements d’acteurs et l’engendrement d’actions et de sens patrimoniaux. De cette manipulation, considérée comme l’« écriture intermédiaire » (Achard, 1994) de notre recherche, se manifeste peu à peu une conception « rhizomatique » (Deleuze et Guattari, 1980) de la patrimonialisation, où les acteurs sont tout à la fois agis et agissants de ce mouvement en perpétuelle transformation. L’idée d’un « Rhizome » des rhizomes patrimoniaux évolue durant les chapitres de ce mémoire de thèse nous révélant un mouvement patrimonial qui agence les acteurs et engendre les sens. Tel mouvement rhizomatique est notamment producteur de réflexions sur le passé « qui emprunte des signifiés au présent et ouvre les chemins pour le futur » (Mattos et Abreu, 2005).
Esta tese tem por objetivo explorar os regimes de patrimonialização dos patrimônios, ou ainda de patrimonialidade dos patrimônios, através das dinâmicas sociais de identificação, de reconhecimento e de valorização dos objetos ditos “patrimônios”. No entanto, opera-se uma interpretação comunicacional com o propósito de compreender a produtividade discursiva do valor patrimonial. Em outras palavras, nós nos interessamos pela construção do sentido patrimonial à partir do discurso social. Este trabalho esforça-se em descrever a patrimonialização como um movimento que se transforma e se atualiza à partir do discurso dos diferentes atores envolvidos : detentores, amadores, praticantes, associativos, pesquisadores, institucionais, entre outros. Portanto, consideramos o discurso desde sua força ilocutória, o que nos permite identificá-lo como uma ação que busca “fazer-fazer” (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou ainda “fazer agir”. Para tanto, elaboramos um dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumentária afim de analisar semio-pragmaticamente os diferentes discursos coletados e provocados durante nossas observações. Logo, nosso dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumental nos autoriza a manipulação de um conjunto de documentos heterogêneos, ou seja a sua organização e edição, no intuito de expor possíveis associações entre os atores e o engendramento de ações e de sentidos patrimoniais. Desta manipulação, considerada como a “escrita intermediária” (Achard, 1994) da nossa pesquisa, se descobre pouco a pouco uma concepção “rizomática” (Deleuze e Guattari, 1980) de patrimonialização, onde os atores são ao mesmo tempo agidos e ativos de um movimento em constante transformação. A ideia de um “Rizoma” dos rizomas patrimoniais evolui durante os capítulos desta dissertação de tese nos revelando um movimento patrimonial que associa os atores e engendra os sentidos. Tal movimento rizomático é particularmente produtor de reflexões sobre o passado “que empresta significados para o presente e abre novos caminhos para o futuro” (Mattos e Abreu, 2005).
Mots clés
Heritage rhizome
Institutionalization
Transmission
Intermediate writing
Meaning production
Documentary representation
Patrimonialisation
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Origine : Version validée par le jury (STAR)