M. Bili, A. M. Cortesero, C. Mougel, J. P. Gauthier, G. Ermel et al., Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01372446

D. K. Aanen and R. F. Hoekstra, Why sex is good: on fungi and beyond, Sex in fungi: molecular determination and evolutionary implications, pp.527-534, 2007.

M. Z. Ahmed, S. Li, X. Xue, X. Yin, S. Ren et al., The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia uses parasitoid wasps as phoretic vectors for efficient horizontal transmission, PLOS Pathogens, vol.11, p.1004672, 2015.

R. Anderson and R. May, Coevolution of hosts and parasites, Parasitology, vol.85, issue.2, pp.411-426, 1982.

C. L. Anderson and T. L. Karr, Wolbachia: evolutionary novelty in a rickettsial bacteria, BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol.1, issue.1, p.10, 2001.

J. M. Archibald, Endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, Current Biology, vol.25, pp.911-921, 2015.

E. A. Archie and J. Tung, Social behavior and the microbiome, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, vol.6, pp.28-34, 2015.

A. K. Arora and A. E. Douglas, Hype or opportunity? Using microbial symbionts in novel strategies for insect pest control, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.103, pp.10-17, 2017.

C. Bandi, T. Anderson, C. Genchi, and M. Blaxter, Phylogeny of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.265, pp.2407-2413, 1998.

P. Baumann, Biology bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects, Annual Review of Microbiology, vol.59, pp.155-189, 2005.

D. Bignell, Introduction to Symbiosis, Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology, pp.189-208, 2000.

M. Bili, A. M. Cortesero, C. Mougel, J. P. Gauthier, G. Ermel et al., Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01372446

D. G. Biron, B. S. Landry, J. P. Nenon, D. Coderre, and G. Boivin, Geographical origin of an introduced pest species, Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), determined by RAPD analysis and egg micromorphology, Bulletin of Entomological Research, vol.90, pp.23-32, 2000.

D. G. Biron, J. P. Nenon, D. Coderre, and G. Boivin, lntra-and interspecifìc variation on chorionic ultrastructures of Delia eggs (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol.96, pp.245-249, 2003.

S. Bordenstein and R. B. Rosengaus, Discovery of a novel Wolbachia supergroup in Isoptera, Current Microbiology, vol.51, pp.393-398, 2005.

D. Bouchon, R. Cordaux, and P. Grève, Feminizing Wolbachia and the evolution of sex determination in isopods, Insect Symbiosis, vol.3, pp.273-294, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00345410

K. Bourtzis and T. A. Miller, Insect Symbiosis, vol.368, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01737129

A. R. Brooks, Identification of the root maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) attacking cruciferous garden crops in Canada, with notes on biology and control, The Canadian Entomologist, vol.83, pp.109-120, 1951.

J. C. Brownlie, B. N. Cass, M. Riegler, J. J. Witsenburg, I. Iturbe-ormaetxe et al., Evidence for metabolic provisioning by a common invertebrate endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, during periods of nutritional stress, PLoS pathogens, vol.5, issue.4, p.1000368, 2009.

R. M. Brucker and S. R. Bordenstein, The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia, Science, vol.341, pp.667-669, 2013.

A. Brune, Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.12, pp.168-180, 2014.

P. Buchner, Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms, 1965.

L. Bull and T. C. Fogarty, Artificial symbiogenesis, Journal of Artificial Life, vol.2, issue.3, pp.369-392, 1996.

, Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. Distribution maps of pests No, CABI, issue.83, 1989.

S. Charlat, K. Bourtzis, and H. Mercot, Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility, pp.621-644, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427162

D. Q. Chen, C. B. Montllor, and A. H. Purcell, Fitness effects of two facultative endosymbiotic bacteria on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the blue alfalfa aphid, A. kondoi, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.95, pp.315-323, 2000.

W. W. Cheung and A. H. Purcell, Ultrastructure of the digestive system of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus Kirshbaum (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with and without congenital bacterial infections, International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, vol.22, pp.49-61, 1993.

K. Clay, Fungal endophytes of grasses: a defensive mutualism between plants and fungi, Ecology, vol.69, pp.10-16, 1988.

T. H. Coaker and D. A. Williams, The importance of some carabidae and staphylinidae as predators of the cabbage root fly, Erioischia brassicae (Bouché), Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.6, pp.156-164, 1963.

T. H. Coaker and S. Finch, Report of the National Vegetable Research Station for, pp.23-42, 1970.

R. Cordaux, D. Bouchon, and P. Grève, The impact of endosymbionts on the evolution of host sex-determination mechanisms, Trends in Genetics, vol.27, issue.8, pp.332-341, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00626381

C. C. Correa and J. W. Ballard, Wolbachia associations with insects: winning or losing against a master manipulator, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol.3, p.153, 2016.

A. B. Czarnetzki and C. C. Tebbe, Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in Collembola, Environmental Microbiology, vol.6, pp.35-44, 2004.

C. Dale and N. A. Moran, Molecular interactions between bacterial symbionts and their hosts, Cell, vol.126, pp.453-465, 2006.

H. C. Godfray, Parasitoids: behavioural and evolutionary ecology, 1994.

S. K. Goffredi, Indigenous ectosymbiotic bacteria associated with diverse hydrothermal vent invertebrates, Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol.2, issue.4, pp.479-488, 2010.

Y. Gottlieb, E. Zchori-fein, J. H. Werren, and T. L. Karr, Diploidy restoration in Wolbachiainfected Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: pteromalidae), Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.81, issue.3, pp.166-174, 2002.

J. Graf, Lessons from digestive-tract symbiosis between bacteria and invertebrates, Annual Review of Microbiology, vol.70, pp.375-393, 2016.

M. W. Gray, Mitochondrial evolution, Science, vol.283, pp.1476-1481, 1999.

G. C. Griffiths, Phenology and dispersion of Delia radicum, Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola fields at, vol.22, pp.29-50, 1986.

G. C. Griffiths, Economic assessment of cabbage maggot damage in canola. Farming for the Future, Alberta Agriculture, 1991.

J. F. Guay, S. Boudreault, D. Michaud, and C. Cloutier, Impact of environmental stress on aphid clonal resistance to parasitoids: role of Hamiltonella defensa bacterial symbiosis in association with a new facultative symbiont of the pea aphid, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.55, pp.919-926, 2009.

J. Guo, S. Hatt, K. He, J. Chen, F. Francis et al., Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids, A review. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, vol.20, pp.794-801, 2017.

L. M. Henry, J. Peccoud, J. Simon, J. D. Hadfield, M. J. Maiden et al., Horizontally Transmitted Symbionts and Host Colonization of Ecological Niches, Current Biology, vol.23, pp.1713-1717, 2013.

M. Hertig and S. B. Wolbach, Studies on rickettsia-like micro-organisms in insects, The Journal of Medical Research, vol.44, issue.3, p.329, 1924.

M. Hertig, The rickettsia, Wolbachia pipientis (gen. et sp. n.) and associated inclusions of the mosquito, Culex pipiens, Parasitology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.453-486, 1936.

E. R. Heyworth and J. Ferrari, A facultative endosymbiont in aphids can provide diverse ecological benefits, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol.28, pp.1753-1760, 2015.

K. Hilgenboecker, P. Hammerstein, P. Schlattmann, A. Telschow, and J. H. Werren, How many species are infected with Wolbachia? -a statistical analysis of current data, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.281, issue.2, pp.215-220, 2008.

A. A. Hoffmann, M. Turelli, and L. G. Harshman, Factors affecting the distribution of cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila simulans, Genetics, vol.126, pp.933-948, 1990.

A. A. Hoffmann, D. Clancy, and J. Duncan, Naturally-occurring Wolbachia infection in Drosophila simulans that does not cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, Heredity, vol.76, issue.1, pp.1-8, 1996.

R. J. Hopkins, D. W. Griffiths, R. G. Mckinlay, and A. N. Birch, The relationship between cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) larval feeding and the freeze-dried matter and sugar content of Brassica roots, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.92, pp.109-117, 1999.

T. Hosokawa, Y. Kikuchi, N. Nikoh, M. Shimada, and T. Fukatsu, Strict host-symbiont cospeciation and reductive genome evolution in insect gut bacteria, PLoS Biology, vol.4, p.337, 2006.

T. Hosokawa, Y. Kikuchi, M. Shimada, and T. Fukatsu, Obligate symbiont involved in pest status of host insect, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.274, pp.1979-1984, 2007.

T. Hosokawa, R. Koga, Y. Kikuchi, X. Y. Meng, and T. Fukatsu, Wolbachia as a bacteriocyteassociated nutritional mutualist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.2, pp.769-774, 2010.

R. D. Hugues, The natural mortality of Erioischia brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) during the egg stage of the first generation, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.28, pp.343-357, 1959.

L. D. Hurst, The incidences and evolution of cytoplasmic male killers, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.244, pp.91-99, 1991.

G. D. Hurst and C. L. Frost, Reproductive parasitism: maternally inherited symbionts in a biparental world, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, vol.7, issue.5, p.17699, 2015.

G. D. Hurst, Extended genomes: symbiosis and evolution, Interface Focus, vol.7, 2017.

J. Jaenike, Spontaneous emergence of a new Wolbachia phenotype, Evolution, vol.61, issue.9, pp.2244-2252, 2007.

F. M. Jiggins, J. P. Randerson, G. D. Hurst, and M. E. Majerus, How can sex ratio distorters reach extreme prevalences? Male-killing Wolbachia are not suppressed and have nearperfect vertical transmission efficiency in Acraea encedon, Evolution, vol.56, pp.2290-2295, 2002.

M. Lipsitch, S. Siller, and M. A. Nowak, The evolution of virulence in pathogens with vertical and horizontal transmission, Evolution, vol.50, issue.5, pp.1729-1741, 1996.

C. M. Lively, K. Clay, M. J. Wade, and C. Fuqua, Competitive co-existence of vertically and horizontally transmitted parasites, Evolutionary Ecology Research, vol.7, pp.1183-1190, 2005.

N. Lo, C. Paraskevopoulos, K. Bourtzis, S. L. Ooneill, J. (. Werren et al., Taxonomic status of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol.57, pp.654-657, 2007.

P. ?ukasik, M. Van-asch, H. F. Guo, J. Ferrari, and H. C. Godfray, Unrelated facultative endosymbionts protect aphids against a fungal pathogen, Ecology Letters, vol.16, pp.214-218, 2013.

L. Margulis and R. Fester, Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation, speciation and morphogenesis, 1991.

L. Margulis, Symbiotic planet: a new look at evolution, 1998.

W. Martin and M. Muller, The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote, Nature, vol.392, pp.37-41, 1998.

J. Martinez, R. Cogni, C. Cao, S. Smith, C. J. Illingworth et al., Addicted? Reduced host resistance in populations with defensive symbionts, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.283, p.20160778, 1833.

V. G. Martinson, J. Moy, and N. A. Moran, Establishment of characteristic gut bacteria during development of the honeybee worker, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.78, pp.2830-2840, 2012.

M. Smith and J. , Generating novelty by symbiosis, Nature, vol.341, pp.224-225, 1989.

M. Miles, Observations on the biology and control of cabbage root fly, Erioischia brassicae (Bouché), Annals of Applied Biology, vol.37, pp.260-267, 1950.

K. T. Min and S. Benzer, Wolbachia, normally a symbiont of Drosophila, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.94, pp.10792-10796, 1997.

A. Mock, K. Tajovský, M. ?urovcová, A. Jaro?ová, P. Kocourek et al., Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology, Zootaxa, vol.4178, issue.2, pp.234-256, 2016.

N. A. Moran, Symbiosis. Current Biology, vol.16, pp.866-871, 2006.

J. Ryan and M. F. Ryan, Observations on the natural mortality of the overwintering pupa of the cabbage root fly, Delia brassicae (Wiedemann), in Ireland, Plant Pathology, vol.29, pp.38-44, 1980.

M. B. Saffo, Invertebrates in endosymbiotic associations, American Zoologist, vol.32, pp.557-565, 1992.

L. Sagan, On the origin of mitosing cells, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.14, pp.225-274, 1967.

J. P. Sandström, J. A. Russell, J. P. White, and N. A. Moran, Independent origins and horizontal transfer of bacterial symbionts of aphids, Molecular Ecology, vol.10, pp.217-228, 2001.

S. Domingo, J. W. Kaufman, M. G. Klug, M. J. Holben, W. E. Harris et al., Influence of diet on the structure and function of the bacterial hindgut community of crickets, Molecular Ecology, vol.7, pp.761-767, 1998.

J. Sapp, The dynamics of symbiosis: an historical overview, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.82, pp.1046-1056, 2004.

C. L. Scarborough, J. Ferrari, and H. C. Godfray, Aphid protected from pathogen by endosymbiont, Science, vol.310, pp.1781-1781, 2005.

W. J. Schoene, The cabbage maggot: its biology and control, New York Agricultural Station Bulletin, vol.419, pp.99-160, 1916.

M. Segoli, R. Stouthamer, C. M. Stouthamer, P. Rugman-jones, and J. A. Rosenheim, The effect of Wolbachia on the lifetime reproductive success of its insect host in the field, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol.26, pp.2716-2720, 2013.

L. R. Serbus, C. Casper-lindley, F. Landmann, and W. Sullivan, The genetics and cell biology of Wolbachia-host interactions, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.42, pp.683-707, 2008.

S. Shigenobu, H. Watanabe, M. Hattori, Y. Sakaki, and H. Ishikawa, Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp, Nature, vol.407, pp.81-86, 2000.

S. C. Shin, S. H. Kim, H. You, B. Kim, A. C. Kim et al., , 2011.

, Drosophila microbiome modulates host developmental and metabolic homeostasis via insulin signaling, Science, vol.334, pp.670-674

W. Shuhang, R. E. Voorrips, G. Steenhuis-broers, B. Vosman, and J. J. Van-loon, Antibiosis resistance against larval cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, in wild Brassica-species, Euphytica, pp.1-17, 2016.

L. W. Simmons, T. Llorens, M. Schinzig, D. Hosken, and M. Craig, Sperm competition selects for male mate choice and protandry in the bushcricket, Requena verticalis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), Animal Behaviour, vol.47, pp.117-122, 1994.

S. Siozios, M. Gerth, J. S. Griffin, and G. D. Hurst, Symbiosis: Wolbachia host shifts in the fast lane, Current Biology, vol.28, pp.269-271, 2018.

G. Skinner and S. Finch, Reduction of cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) damage by protective discs, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.108, pp.1-10, 1986.

K. M. Smith, A study of Hylemyia (Chortophila) brassicae bouché, the cabbage root fly and its parasites, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.14, pp.312-330, 1927.

R. Soler, T. Bezemer, A. M. Cortesero, W. Van-der-putten, L. Vet et al., Impact of foliar herbivory on the development of a root-feeding insect and its parasitoid, Oecologia, vol.152, issue.2, pp.257-264, 2007.

R. Soler, J. A. Harvey, A. F. Kamp, L. E. Vet, W. H. Van-der-putten et al., Root herbivores influence the behaviour of an above-ground parasitoid through changes in plant-volatile signals, Oikos, vol.116, pp.367-376, 2007.

D. Söndgerath and W. Müller-pietralla, A model for the development of the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum L.) based on the extended Leslie model, Ecological Modelling, vol.91, pp.67-76, 1996.

R. Sontowski, D. Bernhard, C. Bleidorn, M. Schlegel, and M. Gerth, Wolbachia distribution in selected beetle taxa characterized by PCR screens and MLST data, Ecology and Evolution, vol.5, pp.4345-4353, 2015.

J. Soroka, Crucifer root maggot survey 1996. Canola Country Newsletter. Saskatchewan Canola Growers Association, 1997.

R. Stouthamer, J. D. Pinto, G. R. Platner, and R. F. Luck, Taxonomic status of thelytokous forms of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol.83, issue.3, pp.475-481, 1990.

R. Stouthamer and R. F. Luck, Influence of microbe-associated parthenogenesis on the fecundity of Trichogramma deion and T. pretiosum, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.67, pp.183-192, 1993.

G. Swailes, Laboratory studies on mating and oviposition of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), The Canadian Entomologist, vol.93, pp.940-943, 1961.

J. Takabayashi and M. Dicke, Plant-carnivore mutualism through herbivore-induced carnivore attractants, Trends in Plant Science, vol.1, issue.4, pp.90004-90011, 1996.

X. Tang, D. Freitak, H. Vogel, L. Ping, Y. Shao et al., Complexity and variability of gut commensal microbiota in polyphagous lepidopteran larvae, PLoS ONE, vol.7, p.36978, 2012.

A. R. Weeks and J. A. Breeuwer, Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis in a genus of phytophagous mites, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, vol.268, pp.2245-2251, 1482.

L. A. Weinert, E. V. Araujo-jnr, M. Z. Ahmed, and J. J. Welch, The incidence of bacterial endosymbionts in terrestrial arthropods, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.282, p.20150249, 1807.

J. H. Werren, W. Zhang, and L. R. Guo, Evolution and phylogeny of Wolbachia reproductive parasites of arthropods, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.261, pp.55-63, 1995.

J. H. Werren, The evolution of heritable symbionts, Endless forms, species and speciation, pp.1-41, 1997.

J. H. Werren, L. Baldo, and M. E. Clark, Wolbachia: master manipulators of invertebrate biology, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.6, pp.741-751, 2008.

J. H. Werren, Selfish genetic elements, genetic conflict, and evolutionary innovation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.108, pp.10863-10870, 2011.

W. B. Whitman, D. C. Coleman, and W. J. Wiebe, Prokaryotes: the unseen majority, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.95, pp.6578-6583, 1998.

A. C. Wilson and R. P. Duncan, Signatures of host/symbiont genome coevolution in insect nutritional endosymbioses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.112, pp.10255-10261, 2015.

G. Wishart, J. F. Doane, and G. E. Maybee, Notes on beetles as predators of eggs of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), The Canadian Entomologist, vol.88, pp.634-639, 1956.

A. C. Wong, A. J. Dobson, and A. E. Douglas, Gut microbiota dictates the metabolic response of Drosophila to diet, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.217, pp.1894-1901, 2014.

D. W. Wright, R. D. Hugues, and J. Worrall, The effect of certain predators on the numbers of cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bouché)) and on the subsequent damage caused by the pest, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.48, pp.756-763, 1960.

N. Yamamura, Vertical transmission and evolution of mutualism from parasitism, Theoretical Population Biology, vol.44, pp.95-109, 1993.

O. Yañez, L. Gauthier, P. Chantawannakul, and P. Neumann, Endosymbiotic bacteria in honey bees: Arsenophonus spp. are not transmitted transovarially, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.363, issue.14, p.147, 2016.

E. Zchori-fein and K. Bourtzis, Manipulative tenants: bacteria associated with Arthropods, 2011.

W. Zhou, F. Rousset, and S. Ooneill, Phylogeny and PCR-based classification of Wolbachia strains using wsp gene sequences, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.265, pp.509-515

E. Zohren, Laboruntersuchungen zu Massenanzucht, Lebensweise, Eiablage und Eiablageverhalten der Kohlfliege, Chortophila brassicae Bouché (Diptera, Anthomyiidae), Journal of Applied Entomology, vol.62, pp.139-188, 1968.

R. Zug and P. Hammerstein, Still a host of hosts for Wolbachia: analysis of recent data suggests that 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are infected, PloS One, vol.7, issue.6, p.38544, 2012.

R. Zug and P. Hammerstein, Bad guys turned nice? A critical assessment of Wolbachia mutualisms in arthropod hosts, Biological Reviews, vol.90, pp.89-111, 2015.

E. A. Archie and J. Tung, Social behavior and the microbiome, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, vol.6, pp.28-34, 2015.

M. Bakula, The ecogenetics of a Drosophila-bacteria association, Biology-Genetics, 1967.

J. W. Ballard and R. G. Melvin, Tetracycline treatment influences mitochondrial metabolism and mtDNA density two generations after treatment in Drosophila: Tetracycline treatment affects mitochondria, Insect Molecular Biology, vol.16, pp.799-802, 2007.

D. Bates, M. Maechler, B. Bolker, and S. Walker, Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4, Journal of Statistical Software, vol.67, issue.1, pp.1-48, 2015.

P. Baumann, Biology bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects, Annual Review of Microbiology, vol.59, pp.155-189, 2005.

M. Bili, A. M. Cortesero, C. Mougel, J. P. Gauthier, G. Ermel et al., Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01372446

R. M. Brucker and S. R. Bordenstein, The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia, Science, vol.341, pp.667-669, 2013.

A. Brune, Symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.12, pp.168-180, 2014.

L. Bull and T. C. Fogarty, Artificial symbiogenesis, Journal of Artificial Life, vol.2, issue.3, pp.369-392, 1996.

I. A. Chatzispyrou, N. M. Held, L. Mouchiroud, J. Auwerx, and R. H. Houtkooper, Tetracycline antibiotics impair mitochondrial function and its experimental use confounds research, Cancer Research, issue.21, pp.4446-4449, 2015.

I. Chopra and M. Roberts, Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.65, pp.232-260, 2001.

G. D. Clark-walker and A. W. Linnane, In vivo differentiation of yeast cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis with antibiotics, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.25, pp.8-13, 1966.

L. Després, J. P. David, and C. Gallet, The evolutionary ecology of insect resistance to plant chemicals, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.22, pp.298-307, 2007.

L. Dethlefsen, M. Mcfall-ngai, and D. A. Relman, An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human-microbe mutualism and disease, Nature, vol.449, pp.811-818, 2007.

R. J. Dillon and V. M. Dillon, The gut bacteria of insects: nonpathogenic interactions, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.49, pp.71-92, 2004.

R. J. Dillon, C. T. Vennard, A. Buckling, and A. K. Charnley, Diversity of locust gut bacteria protects against pathogen invasion, Ecology Letters, vol.8, pp.1291-1298, 2005.

A. E. Douglas, Mycetocyte symbiosis in insects, Biological Reviews, vol.64, pp.409-434, 1989.

A. E. Douglas, Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.43, pp.17-37, 1998.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.17

A. E. Douglas, Multiorganismal insects: diversity and function of resident microorganisms, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.60, pp.17-34, 2015.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020822

URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4465791?pdf=render

N. Dubilier, C. Bergin, and C. Lott, Symbiotic diversity in marine animals: the art of harnessing chemosynthesis, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.6, issue.10, 2008.

P. Engel and N. A. Moran, The gut microbiota of insects -diversity in structure and function, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.37, pp.699-735, 2013.

S. Finch, Ecological considerations in the management of Delia pest species in vegetable crops, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.34, pp.117-137, 1989.

H. J. Flint, K. P. Scott, P. Louis, and S. H. Duncan, The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol.9, pp.577-589, 2012.

J. Fox and S. Weisberg, An {R} Companion to Applied Regression, Second Edition, 2011.

H. C. Godfray, Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, 1994.

S. K. Goffredi, Indigenous ectosymbiotic bacteria associated with diverse hydrothermal vent invertebrates, Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol.2, issue.4, pp.479-488, 2010.

J. Guo, S. Hatt, K. He, J. Chen, F. Francis et al., Nine facultative endosymbionts in aphids, A review. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, vol.20, pp.794-801, 2017.

M. Hervé, RVAideMemoire: testing and plotting procedures for biostatistics, 2017.

M. C. Roberts, Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.19, pp.1-24, 1996.

D. Schnappinger and W. Hillen, Tetracyclines: antibiotic action, uptake, and resistance mechanisms, Archives of Microbiology, vol.165, pp.359-369, 1996.

G. Sharon, D. Segal, I. Zilber-rosenberg, and E. Rosenberg, Symbiotic bacteria are responsible for diet-induced mating preference in Drosophila melanogaster, providing support for the hologenome theory of evolution, Gut Microbes, vol.2, pp.190-192, 2011.

S. Shigenobu, H. Watanabe, M. Hattori, Y. Sakaki, and H. Ishikawa, Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp, Nature, vol.407, pp.81-86, 2000.

S. C. Shin, S. H. Kim, H. You, B. Kim, A. C. Kim et al., , 2011.

, Drosophila microbiome modulates host developmental and metabolic homeostasis via insulin signaling, Science, vol.334, pp.670-674

L. W. Simmons, T. Llorens, M. Schinzig, D. Hosken, and M. Craig, Sperm competition selects for male mate choice and protandry in the bushcricket, Requena verticalis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), Animal Behaviour, vol.47, pp.117-122, 1994.

M. Van-keymeulen, L. Hertveldt, and C. Pelerents, Methods for improving both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of rearing Delia brassicae for sterile release programs, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.30, pp.231-240, 1981.

B. S. Walsh, C. Heys, and Z. Lewis, Gut microbiota influences female choice and fecundity in the nuptial gift-giving species, Drosophila subobscura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), European Journal of Entomology, vol.114, pp.439-445, 2017.

C. U. Welte, R. M. De-graaf, . Van-den, T. J. Bosch, H. J. Op-den-camp et al., Plasmids from the gut microbiome of cabbage root fly larvae encode SaxA that catalyses the conversion of the plant toxin -phenylethyl isothiocyanate, Environmental microbiology, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1379-1390, 2016.

C. N. Wong, P. Ng, and A. E. Douglas, Low-diversity bacterial community in the gut of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Environmental Microbiology, vol.13, pp.1889-1900, 2011.

A. C. Wong, A. J. Dobson, and A. E. Douglas, Gut microbiota dictates the metabolic response of Drosophila to diet, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.217, pp.1894-1901, 2014.

J. A. Zeh, M. M. Bonilla, A. J. Adrian, S. Mesfin, and D. W. Zeh, From father to son: transgenerational effect of tetracycline on sperm viability, Scientific Reports, vol.2, p.375, 2012.

N. Agerbirk and C. E. Olsen, Glucosinolate structures in evolution, Phytochemistry, vol.77, pp.16-45, 2012.

A. A. Agrawal and N. S. Kurashige, A role for isothiocyanates in plant resistance against the specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.29, issue.6, pp.1403-1415, 2003.

J. G. Ali and A. A. Agrawal, Specialist versus generalist insect herbivores and plant defense, Trends in Plant Science, vol.17, issue.5, pp.293-302, 2012.

K. L. Barr, L. B. Hearne, S. Briesacher, T. L. Clark, and G. E. Davis, Microbial symbionts in insects influence down-regulation of defense genes in maize, PLoS One, vol.5, p.11339, 2010.

E. Bartlet, Chemical cues to host-plant selection by insect pests of oilseed rape, Agricultural and Zoological Reviews, vol.7, pp.89-116, 1996.

G. J. Beckers and S. H. Spoel, Fine-tuning plant defense signalling: salicylate versus jasmonate, Plant Biology, vol.8, pp.1-10, 2006.

T. M. Bezemer and N. M. Van-dam, Linking aboveground and belowground interactions via induced plant defenses, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.20, pp.617-624, 2005.

M. Body, W. Kaiser, G. Dubreuil, J. Casas, and D. Giron, Leaf-miners co-opt microorganisms to enhance their nutritional environment, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.39, pp.969-977, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00858963

S. H. Chung, C. Rosa, E. D. Scully, M. Peiffer, J. F. Tooker et al., Herbivore exploits orally secreted bacteria to suppress plant defenses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.110, issue.39, pp.15728-15733, 2013.

A. Costacurta and J. Vanderleyden, Synthesis of phytohormones by plant-associated bacteria, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol.21, pp.1-18, 1995.

C. M. De-moraes, W. J. Lewis, P. W. Pare, and J. H. Tumlinson, Herbivore infested plants selectively attract parasitoids, Nature, vol.393, pp.570-574, 1998.

M. Dicke, Are herbivore-induced plant volatiles reliable indicators of herbivore identity to foraging carnivorous arthropods?, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.91, pp.131-142, 1999.

M. Dicke, R. M. Poecke, and J. G. Van-de-boer, Inducible indirect defence of plants: from mechanisms to ecological functions, Basic and Applied Ecology, vol.4, pp.27-42, 2003.

M. Dicke, J. J. Van-loon, and R. Soler, Chemical complexity of volatiles from plants induced by multiple attack, Nature Chemical Biology, vol.5, pp.317-324, 2009.

M. Dicke and I. T. Baldwin, The evolutionary context for herbivore-induced plant volatiles: beyond the cry for helpp, Trends in Plant Science, p.175, 2010.

P. R. Ehrlich and P. H. Raven, Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution, Evolution, vol.18, pp.586-608, 1964.

M. J. Endara, P. D. Coley, G. Ghabash, J. A. Nicholls, K. G. Dexter et al., Coevolutionary arms race versus host defense chase in a tropical herbivore-plant system, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.114, issue.36, 2017.

M. Erb, J. Ton, J. Degenhardt, and T. C. Turlings, Interactions between arthropod-induced aboveground and belowground defenses in plants, Plant Physiology, vol.146, pp.867-874, 2008.

M. Erb, S. Meldau, and G. A. Howe, Role of phytohormones in insect-specific plant reactions, Trends in Plant Science, vol.17, pp.250-259, 2012.

J. W. Fahey, A. T. Zalcmann, and P. Talalay, The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants, Phytochemistry, vol.56, pp.5-51, 2001.

G. W. Felton and J. H. Tumlinson, Plant-insect dialogs: complex interactions at the plantinsect interface, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.457-463, 2008.

E. Frago, M. Dicke, and H. C. Godfray, Insect symbionts as hidden players in insect-plant interactions, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.27, pp.705-711, 2012.

D. Giron, E. Frago, G. Glevarec, C. M. Pieterse, and M. Dicke, Cytokinins as key regulators in plant-microbe-insect interactions: connecting plant growth and defense, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.599-609, 2013.

D. Giron, E. Huguet, G. N. Stone, and M. Body, Insect-induced effects on plants and possible effectors used by galling and leaf-mining insects to manipulate their host-plant, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.84, pp.70-89, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312965

D. Giron, F. Dedeine, G. Dubreuil, E. Huguet, L. Mouton et al., Influence of microbial symbionts on plant-insect interactions, Insect-plant interactions in a crop protection perspective, pp.225-257, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099484

M. Grant and C. Lamb, Systemic immunity, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol.9, pp.414-420, 2006.

B. A. Halkier and J. Gershenzon, Biology and biochemistry of glucosinolates, Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol.57, pp.303-333, 2006.

M. Heil and J. Ton, Long-distance signalling in plant defence, Trends in Plant Science, vol.13, pp.264-272, 2008.

A. A. Agrawal and N. S. Kurashige, A role for isothiocyanates in plant resistance against the specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.29, issue.6, pp.1403-1415, 2003.

J. G. Ali and A. A. Agrawal, Specialist versus generalist insect herbivores and plant defense, Trends in Plant Science, vol.17, issue.5, pp.293-302, 2012.

H. E. Amuzu, C. P. Simmons, and E. A. Mcgraw, Effect of repeat human blood feeding on Wolbachia density and dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti, Parasites & Vectors, vol.8, issue.1, 2015.

K. L. Barr, L. B. Hearne, S. Briesacher, T. L. Clark, and G. E. Davis, Microbial symbionts in insects influence down-regulation of defense genes in maize, PLoS One, vol.5, p.11339, 2010.

E. Bartlet, Chemical cues to host-plant selection by insect pests of oilseed rape, Agricultural and Zoological Reviews, vol.7, pp.89-116, 1996.

Y. Benjamini and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, vol.57, pp.289-300, 1995.

R. N. Bennett and R. M. Wallsgrove, Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms, New Phytologist, vol.127, issue.4, pp.617-633, 1994.

M. Bili, A. M. Cortesero, C. Mougel, J. P. Gauthier, G. Ermel et al., Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01372446

A. N. Birch, D. W. Griffiths, R. J. Hopkins, W. H. Macfarlane-smith, and R. G. Mckinlay, , 1992.

, Glucosinolate responses of swede, kale, forage and oilseed rape to root damage by turnip root fly (Delia floralis) larvae, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.60, pp.1-9

M. Body, W. Kaiser, G. Dubreuil, J. Casas, and D. Giron, Leaf-miners co-opt microorganisms to enhance their nutritional environment, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.39, pp.969-977, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00858963

M. Bruinsma, M. A. Posthumus, R. Mumm, M. J. Mueller, J. J. Van-loon et al., Jasmonic acid-induced volatiles of Brassica oleracea attract parasitoids: effects of time and dose, and comparison with induction by herbivores, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.60, issue.9, pp.2575-2587, 2009.

X. M. Cai, X. L. Sun, W. X. Dong, G. C. Wang, and Z. M. Chen, Herbivore species, infestation time, and herbivore density affect induced volatiles in tea plants, Chemoecology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.1-14, 2014.

C. Casper-lindley, S. Kimura, D. S. Saxton, Y. Essaw, I. Simpson et al., Rapid fluorescence-based screening for Wolbachia endosymbionts in Drosophila germ line and somatic tissues, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.14, pp.4788-4794, 2011.

J. Dittmer and D. Bouchon, Feminizing Wolbachia influence microbiota composition in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare, Scientific reports, vol.8, issue.1, p.6998, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01891893

P. R. Ehrlich and P. H. Raven, Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution, Evolution, vol.18, pp.586-608, 1964.

A. Ferry, S. Dugravot, T. Delattre, J. P. Christides, J. Auger et al., Identification of a widespread monomolecular odor differentially attractive to several Delia radicum ground-dwelling predators in the field, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.33, issue.11, pp.2064-2077, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00193705

A. Ferry, S. Le-tron, S. Dugravot, and A. M. Cortesero, Field evaluation of the combined deterrent and attractive effects of dimethyl disulfide on Delia radicum and its natural enemies, Biological Control, vol.49, issue.3, pp.219-226, 2009.

S. Finch, Volatile plant chemicals and their effect on host plant finding by the cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae), Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.24, issue.3, pp.350-359, 1978.

S. Finch and G. Skinner, Trapping cabbage root flies in traps baited with plant extracts and with natural and synthetic isothiocyanates, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.31, pp.133-139, 1982.

S. Finch, Ecological considerations in the management of Delia pest species in vegetable crops, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.34, pp.117-137, 1989.

E. Frago, M. Dicke, and H. C. Godfray, Insect symbionts as hidden players in insect-plant interactions, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.27, pp.705-711, 2012.

D. Giron, W. Kaiser, N. Imbault, and J. Casas, Cytokinin-mediated leaf manipulation by a leafminer caterpillar, Biology Letters, vol.3, issue.3, pp.340-343, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00193394

D. Giron, E. Frago, G. Glevarec, C. M. Pieterse, and M. Dicke, Cytokinins as key regulators in plant-microbe-insect interactions: connecting plant growth and defense, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.599-609, 2013.

D. Giron, E. Huguet, G. N. Stone, and M. Body, Insect-induced effects on plants and possible effectors used by galling and leaf-mining insects to manipulate their host-plant, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.84, pp.70-89, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312965

D. Giron, F. Dedeine, G. Dubreuil, E. Huguet, L. Mouton et al., Influence of microbial symbionts on plant-insect interactions, Insect-plant interactions in a crop protection perspective, pp.225-257, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/bs.abr.2016.09.007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099484

K. Grosser and N. M. Van-dam, A straightforward method for glucosinolate extraction and analysis with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Journal of Visualized Experiments, vol.121, p.55425, 2017.
DOI : 10.3791/55425

URL : https://www.jove.com/pdf/55425/a-straightforward-method-for-glucosinolate-extraction-analysis-with

M. R. Hervé, RVAideMemoire: testing and plotting procedures for biostatistics, 2017.

M. R. Hervé, F. Nicolè, and K. A. Lê-cao, Multivariate analysis of multiple datasets: a practical guide for chemical ecology, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.44, issue.3, pp.215-234, 2018.

K. Hilgenboecker, P. Hammerstein, P. Schlattmann, A. Telschow, and J. H. Werren, How many species are infected with Wolbachia? -A statistical analysis of current data, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.281, pp.215-220, 2008.

R. J. Hopkins, D. W. Griffiths, A. N. Birch, and R. G. Mckinlay, Influence of increasing herbivore pressure on modification of glucosinolate content of swedes (Brassica napus spp. rapifera), Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.24, issue.12, pp.2003-2019, 1998.

R. J. Hopkins, N. M. Van-dam, and J. J. Van-loon, Role of glucosinolates in insect-plant relationships and multitrophic interactions, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.54, issue.1, p.57, 2009.

T. Hosokawa, R. Koga, Y. Kikuchi, X. Y. Meng, and T. Fukatsu, Wolbachia as a bacteriocyteassociated nutritional mutualist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, vol.107, issue.2, pp.769-774, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0911476107

URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/107/2/769.full.pdf

G. A. Howe and G. Jander, Plant immunity to insect herbivores, Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol.59, issue.1, pp.41-66, 2008.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092825

H. Insam and M. S. Seewald, Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.46, issue.3, pp.199-213, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00374-010-0442-3

URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00374-010-0442-3.pdf

W. Kaiser, E. Huguet, J. Casas, C. Commin, and D. Giron, Plant green-island phenotype induced by leaf-miners is mediated by bacterial symbionts, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.277, pp.2311-2319, 2010.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2010.0214

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00550459

R. J. Lamb, Entomology of oilseed Brassica crops, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.211-229, 1989.

V. Lopez, A. M. Cortesero, and D. Poinsot, Influence of the symbiont Wolbachia on life history traits of the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum), Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.158, pp.24-31, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02010147

J. Martinez, R. Cogni, C. Cao, S. Smith, C. J. Illingworth et al., Addicted? Reduced host resistance in populations with defensive symbionts, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.283, 2016.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2016.0778

URL : http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/283/1833/20160778.full.pdf

A. K. Murchie, L. E. Smart, and I. H. Williams, Responses of Dasineura brassicae and its parasitoids Platygaster subuliformis and Omphale clypealis to field traps baited with organic isothiocyanates, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.23, pp.917-926, 1997.

N. Neveu, J. Grandgirard, J. P. Nenon, and A. M. Cortesero, Systemic release of herbivoreinduced plant volatiles by turnips infested by concealed root-feeding larvae Delia radicum L, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.28, pp.1717-1732, 2002.

J. Oksanen, F. G. Blanchet, M. Friendly, R. Kindt, P. Legendre et al., , 2017.

P. W. Paré and J. H. Tumlinson, Plant volatiles as a defense against insect herbivores, Plant Physiology, vol.121, issue.2, pp.325-332, 1999.

P. S. Pierre, J. J. Jansen, C. A. Hordijk, N. M. Van-dam, A. M. Cortesero et al., Differences in volatile profiles of turnip plants subjected to single and dual herbivory above-and belowground, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.37, pp.368-377, 2011.

. R-core-team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2017.

A. Ratzka, H. Vogel, D. J. Kliebenstein, T. Mitchell-olds, and J. Kroymann, Disarming the mustard oil bomb, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.17, pp.11223-11228, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02104706

G. A. Rosenthal and M. R. Berenbaum, Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites: ecological and evolutionary processes, vol.2, 2012.

R. Schmidt, D. W. Etalo, V. De-jager, S. Gerards, H. Zweers et al., Microbial small talk: volatiles in fungal-bacterial interactions, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol.6, p.1495, 2016.

R. K. Simhadri, E. M. Fast, R. Guo, M. J. Schultz, N. Vaisman et al., The gut commensal microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster is modified by the endosymbiont Wolbachia, vol.2, pp.287-304, 2017.

R. Soler, J. A. Harvey, A. F. Kamp, L. E. Vet, W. H. Van-der-putten et al., Root herbivores influence the behaviour of an aboveground parasitoid through changes in plant-volatile signals, Oikos, vol.116, pp.367-376, 2007.

R. Stouthamer and R. F. Luck, Influence of microbe-associated parthenogenesis on the fecundity of Trichogramma deion and T. pretiosum, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.67, pp.183-192, 1993.

Q. Su, K. M. Oliver, W. Xie, Q. Wu, S. Wang et al., The whitefly associated facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa suppresses induced plant defences in tomato, Functional Ecology, vol.29, pp.1007-1018, 2015.

A. Sugio, G. Dubreuil, D. Giron, and J. C. Simon, Plant-insect interactions under bacterial influence: ecological implications and underlying mechanisms, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.66, pp.467-478, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312942

S. Textor and J. Gershenzon, Herbivore induction of the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system: major trends, biochemical bases and ecological significance, Phytochemistry Reviews, vol.8, issue.1, pp.149-170, 2009.

N. M. Van-dam and C. E. Raaijmakers, Local and systemic induced responses to cabbage root fly larvae (Delia radicum) in Brassica nigra and B. oleracea, Chemoecology, vol.16, pp.17-24, 2006.

N. M. Van-dam, T. O. Tytgat, and J. A. Kirkegaard, Root and shoot glucosinolates: a comparison of their diversity, function and interactions in natural and managed ecosystems, Phytochemical Reviews, vol.8, issue.1, pp.171-186, 2009.

M. Van-keymeulen, L. Hertveldt, and C. Pelerents, Methods for improving both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of rearing Delia brassicae for sterile release programs, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.30, pp.231-240, 1981.

F. Vavre, C. Girin, and M. Boulétreau, Phylogenetic status of a fecundity enhancing Wolbachia that does not induce thelytoky in Trichogramma, Insect Molecular Biology, vol.8, pp.67-72, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428464

A. P. Vig, G. Rampal, T. S. Thind, and S. Arora, Bio-protective effects of glucosinolates -a review, LWT -Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol.42, pp.1561-1572, 2009.

A. R. War, M. G. Paulraj, T. Ahmad, A. A. Buhroo, B. Hussain et al., Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores, Plant Signaling & Behavior, vol.7, issue.10, 2012.

J. H. Werren, Biology of Wolbachia, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.42, pp.587-607, 1997.

J. H. Werren, L. Baldo, and M. E. Clark, Wolbachia: master manipulators of invertebrate biology, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.6, pp.741-751, 2008.

D. R. Wolstenholme, A DNA and RNA-containing cytoplasmic body in Drosophila melanogaster and its relation to flies, Genetics, vol.52, pp.949-975, 1965.

Y. H. Ye, A. Seleznev, H. A. Flores, M. Woolfit, and E. A. Mcgraw, Gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster interacts with Wolbachia but does not contribute to Wolbachia-mediated antiviral protection, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.143, pp.18-25, 2017.

M. Zaynab, M. Fatima, S. Abbas, Y. Sharif, M. Umair et al., Role of secondary metabolites in plant defense against pathogens, Microbial pathogenesis, vol.124, pp.198-202, 2018.

P. J. Zhang, J. P. Shu, C. X. Fu, Y. Zhou, Y. Hu et al., Trade-offs between constitutive and induces resistance in wild crucifers shown by a natural, but not artificial, elicitor, Oecologia, vol.157, issue.1, pp.83-92, 2008.

R. Zug and P. Hammerstein, Still a host of hosts for Wolbachia: analysis of recent data suggests that 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are infected, PLoS ONE, vol.7, p.38544, 2012.

M. E. Afkhami, J. A. Rudgers, and J. J. Stachowicz, Multiple mutualist effects: conflict and synergy in multispecies mutualisms, Ecology, vol.95, pp.833-844, 2014.

M. E. Ahrens and D. Shoemaker, Evolutionary history of Wolbachia infections in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol.5, issue.1, p.35, 2005.

R. Albertson, C. Casper-lindley, J. Cao, U. Tram, and W. Sullivan, Symmetric and asymmetric mitotic segregation patterns influence Wolbachia distribution in host somatic tissue, Journal of Cell Science, vol.122, issue.24, pp.4570-4583, 2009.

S. M. Altizer and D. J. Augustine, )nteractions between frequency-dependent and vertical transmission in host-parasite systems, Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, vol.264, pp.807-814

H. E. Amuzu, C. P. Simmons, and E. A. Mcgraw, Effect of repeat human blood feeding on Wolbachia density and dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti, Parasites & Vectors, vol.8, issue.1, 2015.

K. L. Barr, L. B. Hearne, S. Briesacher, T. L. Clark, and G. E. Davis, Microbial symbionts in insects influence down-regulation of defense genes in maize, PLoS One, vol.5, p.11339, 2010.

M. Bili, A. M. Cortesero, C. Mougel, J. P. Gauthier, G. Ermel et al., Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species, PloS One, vol.11, issue.6, p.155392, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01372446

M. Body, W. Kaiser, G. Dubreuil, J. Casas, and D. Giron, Leaf-miners co-opt microorganisms to enhance their nutritional environment, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.39, pp.969-977, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00858963

S. R. Bordenstein and K. R. Theis, Host biology in light of the microbiome: ten principles of holobionts and hologenomes, PLoS Biology, vol.13, issue.8, p.1002226, 2015.

N. A. Broderick and B. Lemaitre, Gut-associated microbes of Drosophila melanogaster, Gut Microbes, vol.3, issue.4, pp.307-321, 2012.

J. C. Brownlie, B. N. Cass, M. Riegler, J. J. Witsenburg, I. Iturbe-ormaetxe et al., Evidence for metabolic provisioning by a common invertebrate endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, during periods of nutritional stress, PLoS Pathogens, vol.5, issue.4, p.1000368, 2009.

C. Casper-lindley, S. Kimura, D. S. Saxton, Y. Essaw, I. Simpson et al., Rapid fluorescence-based screening for Wolbachia endosymbionts in Drosophila germ line and somatic tissues, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.14, pp.4788-4794, 2011.

J. A. Chandler, J. Morgan-lang, S. Bhatnagar, J. A. Eisen, and A. Kopp, Bacterial communities of diverse drosophila species: ecological context of a host-microbe model system, PLoS Genetics, vol.7, p.1002272, 2011.

S. H. Chung, C. Rosa, E. D. Scully, M. Peiffer, J. F. Tooker et al., Herbivore exploits orally secreted bacteria to suppress plant defenses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.110, issue.39, pp.15728-15733, 2013.

N. Christian, B. K. Whitaker, and K. Clay, Microbiomes: unifying animal and plant systems through the lens of community ecology theory, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol.6, p.869, 2015.

D. R. Colman, E. C. Toolson, and C. D. Takacs-vesbach, Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities?, Molecular Ecology, vol.21, pp.5124-5137, 2012.

K. Z. Coyte, J. Schluter, and K. R. Foster, The ecology of the microbiome: networks, competition, and stability, Science, vol.350, pp.663-666, 2015.

E. Crespo, C. A. Hordijk, R. M. De-graaf, D. Samudrala, S. M. Cristescu et al., On-line detection of root-induced volatiles in Brassica nigra plants infested with Delia radicum L. root fly larvae, Phytochemistry, vol.84, pp.68-77, 2012.

A. E. Douglas and J. H. Werren, Holes in the hologenome: why host-microbe symbioses are not holobionts, MBio, vol.7, issue.2, pp.2099-2114, 2016.

J. Z. Farkas, S. A. Gourley, R. Liu, and A. A. Yakubu, Modelling Wolbachia infection in a sexstructued mosquito population carrying West Nile virus, Journal of Mathematical Biology, vol.75, pp.621-647, 2017.

A. Ferry, S. Dugravot, T. Delattre, J. P. Christides, J. Auger et al., Identification of a widespread monomolecular odor differentially attractive to several Delia radicum ground-dwelling predators in the field, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.33, issue.11, pp.2064-2077, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00193705

S. Finch, Volatile plant chemicals and their effect on host plant finding by the cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae), Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol.24, issue.3, pp.350-359, 1978.

H. J. Flint, E. A. Bayer, M. T. Rincon, R. Lamed, and B. A. White, Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria: potential for new insights from genomic analysis, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.6, pp.121-131, 2008.

E. Frago, M. Dicke, and H. C. Godfray, Insect symbionts as hidden players in insect-plant interactions, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.27, pp.705-711, 2012.

S. Fraune and T. C. Bosch, Why bacteria matter in animal development and evolution, BioEssays, vol.32, pp.571-580, 2010.

P. Geetanjali-&-jain, Antibiotic production by rhizospheric soil microflora -a review, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol.7, issue.11, pp.4304-4314, 2016.

D. Giron, W. Kaiser, N. Imbault, and J. Casas, Cytokinin-mediated leaf manipulation by a leafminer caterpillar, Biology Letters, vol.3, issue.3, pp.340-343, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00193394

D. Giron, E. Frago, G. Glevarec, C. M. Pieterse, and M. Dicke, Cytokinins as key regulators in plant-microbe-insect interactions: connecting plant growth and defense, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.599-609, 2013.

D. Giron, E. Huguet, G. N. Stone, and M. Body, Insect-induced effects on plants and possible effectors used by galling and leaf-mining insects to manipulate their host-plant, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.84, pp.70-89, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312965

D. Giron, F. Dedeine, G. Dubreuil, E. Huguet, L. Mouton et al., Influence of microbial symbionts on plant-insect interactions, Insect-plant interactions in a crop protection perspective, pp.225-257, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099484

W. D. Hamilton, The genetical evolution of social behaviour I and II, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.7, pp.17-52, 1964.

P. A. Hancock, S. P. Sinkins, and H. C. Godfray, Population dynamic models of the spread of Wolbachia, American Naturalist, vol.177, pp.323-333, 2011.

P. A. Hancock, V. L. White, A. G. Callahan, C. H. Godfray, A. A. Hoffmann et al., Density-dependent population dynamics in Aedes aegypti slow the spread of wMel Wolbachia, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.53, issue.3, pp.785-793, 2016.

A. R. Hariri, J. H. Werren, G. S. Wilkinson, L. M. Edges, J. C. Brownlie et al., Distribution and fitness effects of Wolbachia in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae), Heredity, vol.81, pp.702-702, 1998.

E. R. Heyworth and J. Ferrari, Heat stress affects facultative symbiont-mediated protection from a parasitoid wasp, PLoS One, vol.11, issue.11, p.167180, 2016.

A. A. Hoffmann, M. Turelli, and L. G. Harshman, Factors affecting the distribution of cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila simulans, Genetics, vol.126, pp.933-948, 1990.

A. A. Hoffmann, M. Hercus, and H. Dagher, Population dynamics of the Wolbachia infection causing cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.148, pp.221-231, 1998.

T. Hosokawa, R. Koga, Y. Kikuchi, X. Y. Meng, and T. Fukatsu, Wolbachia as a bacteriocyteassociated nutritional mutualist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.107, issue.2, pp.769-774, 2010.

G. L. Hughes, R. Koga, P. Xue, T. Fukatsu, and J. L. Rasgon, Wolbachia infections are virulent and inhibit the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles Gambiae, PLoS Pathogens, vol.7, issue.5, p.1002043, 2011.

A. Kaczmarczyk, (. Kucharczyk, M. Kucharczyk, P. Kapusta, J. Sell et al., First insight into microbiome profile of fungivorous thrips Hoplothrips carpathicus (Insecta: Thysanoptera) at different developmental stages: molecular evidence of Wolbachia endosymbiosis, Scientific reports, vol.8, issue.1, p.14376

W. Kaiser, E. Huguet, J. Casas, C. Commin, and D. Giron, Plant green-island phenotype induced by leaf-miners is mediated by bacterial symbionts, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.277, pp.2311-2319, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00550459

P. Kittayapong, K. J. Baisley, R. G. Sharpe, V. Baimai, and S. L. Ooneill, Maternal transmission efficiency of Wolbachia superinfections in Aedes albopictus populations in Thailand, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.66, pp.103-107

M. G. Langille, J. Zaneveld, J. G. Caporaso, D. Mcdonald, D. Knights et al., Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences, Nature Biotechnology, vol.31, pp.814-821, 2013.

C. A. Lozupone, J. I. Stombaugh, J. I. Gordon, J. K. Jansson, and R. Knight, Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota, Nature, vol.489, pp.220-230, 2012.

A. T. Lukwinski, J. E. Hill, G. G. Khachatourians, S. M. Hemmingsen, and D. D. Hegedus, Biochemical and taxonomic characterization of bacteria associated with the crucifer root maggot (Delia radicum), Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.197-208, 2006.

L. Margulis, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution, 1993.

C. Martins, R. F. Souza, and O. C. Bueno, Presence and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia among Solenopsis spp.(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Brazil and its evolutionary history, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.109, issue.3, pp.287-296, 2012.

K. T. Min and S. Benzer, Wolbachia, normally a symbiont of Drosophila, can be virulent, causing degeneration and early death, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.94, pp.10792-10796, 1997.

D. P. Mindell, Phylogenetic consequences of symbioses: Eukarya and Eubacteria are not monophyletic taxa, Biosystems, vol.27, issue.1, pp.53-62, 1992.

N. A. Moran, Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.1, pp.8627-8633, 2007.

L. Murlas-cosmides and J. Tooby, Cytoplasmic inheritance and intragenomic conflict, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.89, issue.1, pp.83-129, 1981.

N. Neveu, J. Grandgirard, J. P. Nenon, and A. M. Cortesero, Systemic release of herbivoreinduced plant volatiles by turnips infested by concealed root-feeding larvae Delia radicum L, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.28, pp.1717-1732, 2002.

N. Nikoh, T. Hosokawa, M. Moriyama, K. Oshima, M. Hattori et al., Evolutionary origin of insect-Wolbachia nutritional mutualism, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.111, issue.28, pp.10257-10262, 2014.

D. Poinsot and H. Merçot, Wolbachia infection in Drosophila simulans: does the female host bear a physiological cost, Evolution, vol.51, pp.180-186, 1997.

M. C. Roberts, Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.19, pp.1-24, 1996.

R. K. Simhadri, E. M. Fast, R. Guo, M. J. Schultz, N. Vaisman et al., The gut commensal microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster is modified by the endosymbiont Wolbachia, vol.2, pp.287-304, 2017.

R. Soler, J. A. Harvey, A. F. Kamp, L. E. Vet, W. H. Van-der-putten et al., Root herbivores influence the behaviour of an aboveground parasitoid through changes in plant-volatile signals, Oikos, vol.116, pp.367-376, 2007.

F. Staubach, J. F. Baines, S. Künzel, E. M. Bik, and D. A. Petrov, Host species and environmental effects on bacterial communities associated with Drosophila in the laboratory and in the natural environment, PLoS One, vol.8, p.70749, 2013.

L. Stevens, Environmental factors affecting reproductive incompatibility in flour beetles, genus Tribolium, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.53, pp.78-84, 1989.

D. L. Strong, J. H. Lawton, and R. Southwood, Insects on Plants, 1984.

Q. Su, K. M. Oliver, W. Xie, Q. Wu, S. Wang et al., The whitefly associated facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa suppresses induced plant defences in tomato, Functional Ecology, vol.29, pp.1007-1018, 2015.

A. Sugio, G. Dubreuil, D. Giron, and J. C. Simon, Plant-insect interactions under bacterial influence: ecological implications and underlying mechanisms, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.66, pp.467-478, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01312942

T. Thimm and C. C. Tebbe, Protocol for rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization of bacteria in cryosections of microarthropods, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.69, issue.5, pp.2875-2878, 2003.

M. Turelli and A. A. Hoffmann, Rapid spread of an inherited incompatibility factor in California Drosophila, Nature, vol.353, pp.440-442, 1991.

M. Turelli, Evolution of incompatibility-inducing microbes and their hosts, Evolution, vol.48, pp.1500-1513, 1994.

M. Turelli and A. A. Hoffmann, Cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila simulans: dynamics and parameter estimates from natural populations, Genetics, vol.140, pp.1319-1338, 1995.

N. M. Van-dam, D. Samudrala, F. J. Harren, and S. M. Cristescu, Real-time analysis of sulfur-containing volatiles in Brassica plants infested with root-feeding Delia radicum larvae using proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry, AoB Plants, p.21, 2012.

T. Van-opijnen and J. A. Breeuwer, High temperatures eliminate Wolbachia, a cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing endosymbiont, from the two-spotted spider mite, Experimental and Applied Acarology, vol.23, issue.11, pp.871-881, 1999.

F. Vavre, C. Girin, and M. Boulétreau, Phylogenetic status of a fecundity-enhancing Wolbachia that does not induce thelytoky in Trichogramma, Insect Molecular Biology, vol.8, pp.67-72, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428464

C. P. Venard, P. R. Crain, and S. L. Dobson, SYTO11 staining vs FISH staining: a comparison of two methods to stain Wolbachia pipientis in cell cultures, Letters in applied microbiology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.168-176, 2011.

A. P. Vig, G. Rampal, T. S. Thind, and S. Arora, Bio-protective effects of glucosinolates -a review, LWT -Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol.42, pp.1561-1572, 2009.

M. J. Wade and N. W. Chang, Increased male fertility in Tribolium confusum beetles after infection with the intracellular parasite Wolbachia, Nature, vol.373, pp.72-74, 1995.

C. U. Welte, R. M. De-graaf, . Van-den, T. J. Bosch, H. J. Op-den-camp et al., Plasmids from the gut microbiome of cabbage root fly larvae encode SaxA that catalyses the conversion of the plant toxin -phenylethyl isothiocyanate, Environmental microbiology, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1379-1390, 2016.

J. H. Werren, Biology of Wolbachia, Annual Review of Entomology, vol.42, pp.587-607, 1997.

D. R. Wolstenholme, The distribution of DNA and RNA in salivary gland chromosomes of Chironomus tentans as revealed by fluorescence microscopy, Chromosoma, vol.17, issue.3, pp.219-229, 1965.

A. C. Wong, J. M. Chaston, and A. E. Douglas, The inconstant gut microbiota of Drosophila species revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis, The ISME Journal, vol.7, pp.1922-1932, 2013.

Z. Xi, C. C. Khoo, and S. L. Dobson, Wolbachia establishment and invasion in an Aedes aegypti laboratory population, Science, vol.310, issue.5746, pp.326-328, 2005.

Y. H. Ye, A. Seleznev, H. A. Flores, M. Woolfit, and E. A. Mcgraw, Gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster interacts with Wolbachia but does not contribute to Wolbachia-mediated antiviral protection, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, vol.143, pp.18-25, 2017.

I. Zilber-rosenberg and E. Rosenberg, Role of microorganisms in the evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome theory of evolution, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol.32, issue.5, pp.723-735, 2008.

K. Zouache, D. Voronin, V. Tran-van, L. Mousson, A. Failloux et al., Persistent Wolbachia and cultivable bacteria infection in the reproductive and somatic tissues of the mosquito vector Aedes albopictus, PLoS ONE, vol.4, issue.7, p.6388, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01681435