N. Byers, E. Noether"s Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws, UCLA/98/TE, pp.1-21, 1998.

S. Mazouffre, Electric propulsion for satellites and spacecraft: Established technologies and novel approaches, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.25, issue.3, 2016.

M. G. Millis and E. W. Davis, Frontiers of Propulsion Science, 2008.

E. Musk, Making Humans a Multi-Planetary Species, New Sp, vol.5, issue.2, pp.46-61, 2017.

E. Y. Choueiri, A Critical History of Electric Propulsion: The First 50 Years (1906-1956), J. Propuls. Power, vol.20, issue.2, pp.193-203, 2004.

E. Stuhlinger, Propulsion Development. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics, 1963.

P. Grondein, Investigation de l"iode comme propergol pour la propulsion ionique à grilles, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01478401

J. Bredin, Développement de diagnostics électrostatiques pour le filtrage magnétique et la formation du plasma ion-ion dans le propulseur PEGASES, 2013.

T. Lafleur, D. Rafalskyi, and A. Aanesland, Alternate extraction and acceleration of positive and negative ions from a gridded plasma source, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.24, issue.1, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01104903

D. Rafalskyi and A. Aanesland, A Neutralizer-Free Gridded Ion Thruster Embedded Into A 1U Cubesat Module, 35th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-8, 2017.

S. N. Bathgate, M. M. Bilek, and D. R. Mckenzie, Electrodeless plasma thrusters for spacecraft: A review, Plasma Sci. Technol, vol.19, issue.8, 2017.

R. W. Boswell, Plasma production using a standing helicon wave, Phys. Lett. A, vol.33, issue.7, pp.457-458, 1970.

F. F. Chen, Physics of helicon discharges, Phys. Plasmas, vol.3, issue.5, pp.1783-1793, 1996.

T. Lafleur, Helicon plasma thruster discharge model, Phys. Plasmas, vol.21, issue.4, p.43507, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01549370

F. R. Diaz, The Development of VASIMR engine, Int. Conf. Electromagn. Adv. Sp. Appl, p.6, 1999.

A. V. Arefiev and B. N. Breizman, Theoretical components of the VASIMR plasma propulsion concept, Phys. Plasmas, vol.11, issue.5, pp.2942-2949, 2004.

D. B. Miller, G. W. Bethke, and G. F. Crimi, Investigation of Plasma Accelerator (Cyclotron Resonance Propulsion System), NASA Repport, 1965.

H. G. Kosmahl, D. B. Miller, and G. W. Bethke, Plasma acceleration with microwaves near cyclotron resonance, J. Appl. Phys, vol.38, issue.12, pp.4576-4582, 1967.

M. Nagatomo, Plasma Acceleration by Microwave Discharge in Magnetic Field Gradient, Procedings sixth Int. Symp. Sp. Technol. Sci. Tokyo, pp.231-237, 1965.

M. Nagatomo, Plasma Acceleration by High Frequency Electromagnetic Wave in Static Magnetic Field Gradient, AIAA Electr. Propuls. Plasmadynamics Conf. Color. Springs, USA, pp.67-660, 1967.

J. C. Sercel, Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance (ECR) Plasma Acceleration, AIAA-87 -1407, 1987.

D. A. Kaufman and D. G. Goodwin, Plume characteristics of an ECR thruster, Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf., no. IEPC-93-37, pp.355-360, 1993.

J. C. Sercel, An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the ECR Plasma Engine, 1993.

E. B. Hooper, S. W. Ferguson, M. A. Makowski, B. W. Stallard, and J. L. Power, Analysis And Experiments Of A Whistler-Wave Plasma Thruster, Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, 1993.

B. W. Stallard, E. B. Hooper, and J. L. Power, Whistler-Driven Electron-Cyclotron -Resonance-Heated Thruster: Experimental Status, J. Propuls. Power, vol.12, issue.4, pp.814-816, 1996.

B. W. Stallard, E. B. Hooper, and J. L. Power, Plasma Confinement in the Whistler Wave Plasma Thruster, J. Propuls. Power, vol.17, issue.2, pp.433-440, 2001.

T. Kammash and M. J. Lee, Gasdynamic Fusion Propulsion System for Space Exploration, J. Propuls. Power, vol.11, issue.3, pp.544-553, 1995.

R. Tang, A. D. Gallimore, and T. Kammash, Design and Results of a Microwave-Driven Gasdynamic Mirror Experiment, J. Propuls. Power, vol.29, issue.3, pp.507-519, 2013.

R. Tang, Study of the Gasdynamic Mirror (GDM) Propulsion System, 2011.

J. J. Brainerd and A. Reisz, Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Propulsion, 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Jt. Propuls. Conf. Exhib. 25 -28, pp.1-11, 2010.

B. Wachs and B. Jorns, Effect of Background Pressure on Ion Dynamics in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Thruster, Jt. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-12, 2018.

S. T. Hepner, T. Collard, and B. A. Jorns, Low Frequency Wave Detection in the Plume of a Low Temperature Magnetic Nozzle, Joint Propulsion Conference, pp.1-15, 2018.

S. Larigaldie, Propulseur Plasmique et Procédé de génération d"une poussée propulsive plasmique, Brevet INPI, 2011.

S. Larigaldie, Plasma Thruster and Method For Generating a Plasma Propulsion Thrust, 2012.

J. Jarrige, D. Packan, and P. Elias, Développement et Caractérisation d"un propulseur plasma ECRA, ONERA Rapp. Final n° RF 1120439 DMPH, 2013.

J. Jarrige, P. Elias, D. Packan, and F. Cannat, Characterization of a coaxial ECR plasma thruster, 44th AIAA Plasmadynamics Lasers Conf, pp.24-27, 2013.

J. Jarrige, P. Q. Elias, and D. Packan, Measurement of ion acceleration in the magnetic nozzle of an ECR plasma thruster, Sp. Propuls, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01070574

F. Cannat, Caractérisation et modélisation d"un propulseur plasma à résonance cyclotronique des électrons, 2015.

F. Cannat, J. Jarrige, P. Elias, and D. Packan, Experimental investigation of magnetic gradient influence in a coaxial ECR plasma thruster Experimental investigation of magnetic gradient, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01068649

F. Cannat, J. Jarrige, T. Lafleur, P. Elias, and D. Packan, Experimental geometry investigation of a coaxial ECR plasma thruster, Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, pp.1-4, 2015.

F. Cannat, T. Lafleur, J. Jarrige, P. Chabert, P. Q. Elias et al., Optimization of a coaxial electron cyclotron resonance plasma thruster with an analytical model, Phys. Plasmas, vol.22, issue.5, p.53503, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229071

T. Lafleur, F. Cannat, J. Jarrige, P. Q. Elias, and D. Packan, Electron dynamics and ion acceleration in expanding-plasma thrusters, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.24, issue.6, p.65013, 2015.

V. Mukundan and A. Bhardwaj, Monte Carlo model for electron degradation in xenon gas, Procedings R. Soc. A, vol.472, issue.1, pp.34-43, 2016.

P. Laplace, Mémoire sur les approximations des formules qui sont fonctions de très-grands nombres, et sur leur application aux probabilités, Mémoires la Cl. des Sci. mathématiques Phys. l'Institut Fr, pp.353-415, 1809.

M. A. Lieberman and A. J. Lichtenberg, Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing: Second Edition, 2005.

T. H. Stix, Waves in Plasmas, 1974.

D. G. Swanson, Plasma Waves, 2003.

F. F. Chen, Plasma ionization by helicon waves, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol.33, issue.4, pp.339-364, 1991.

S. A. Andersen, V. O. Jensen, P. Nielsen, and N. Angelo, Continuous supersonic plasma wind tunnel, Phys. Lett. A, vol.27, issue.8, pp.527-528, 1968.

F. H. Ebersohn, S. S. Girimaji, D. Staack, J. V. Shebalin, B. Longmier et al., Magnetic Nozzle Plasma Plume : Review of Crucial Physical Phenomena, 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Jt. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-12, 2012.

H. G. Kosmahl, THREE-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA ACCELERATION THROUGH AXISYMMETRIC DIVERGING MAGNETIC FIELDS BASED ON DIPOLE MOMENT APPROXIMATION, Natl. Aeronaut. Sp. Adm. Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Res. Cent, 1967.

B. W. Longmier, Ambipolar ion acceleration in an expanding magnetic nozzle, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.20, issue.1, 2011.

K. Kuriki and O. Okada, Experimental study of a plasma flow in a magnetic nozzle, Phys. Fluids, vol.13, issue.22, 1970.

J. Jarrige, S. Correyero, P. Q. Elias, and D. Packan, Investigation on the ion velocity distribution in the magnetic nozzle of an ECR plasma thruster using LIF measurements, 2017.

A. V. Arefiev and B. N. Breizman, Ambipolar acceleration of ions in a magnetic nozzle, Phys. Plasmas, vol.15, issue.4, pp.1-8, 2008.

C. Charles and R. W. Boswell, Current-free double-layer formation in a high-density helicon discharge, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.82, issue.9, pp.1356-1358, 2003.

F. H. Ebersohn, Kinetic Method for Quasi-One-Dimensional Simulation of Magnetic Nozzle Plasmadynamics, 2016.

M. Merino, Analysis of Magnetic Nozzles For Space Plasma Thrusters, 2013.

E. Ahedo, Parametric analysis of a magnetized cylindrical plasma, Phys. Plasmas, vol.16, issue.11, p.113503, 2009.

E. Ahedo and M. Merino, On plasma detachment in propulsive magnetic nozzles, Phys. Plasmas, vol.18, issue.5, 2011.

E. Ahedo and M. Merino, Two-dimensional plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle: Separation due to electron inertia, Phys. Plasmas, vol.19, issue.8, 2012.

M. Merino and E. Ahedo, Influence of electron and ion thermodynamics on the magnetic nozzle plasma expansion, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.43, issue.1, pp.244-251, 2015.

M. Merino and E. Ahedo, Plasma detachment in a propulsive magnetic nozzle via ion demagnetization, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.23, issue.3, 2014.

M. Martinez-sanchez, J. Navarro-cavallé, and E. Ahedo, Electron cooling and finite potential drop in a magnetized plasma expansion, Phys. Plasmas, vol.22, issue.5, 2015.

M. Merino and E. Ahedo, Fully magnetized plasma flow in a magnetic nozzle, Phys. Plasmas, vol.23, issue.2, 2016.

M. Merino, J. Mauriðo, and E. Ahedo, Direct-Vlasov Study of Electron Cooling Mechanisms, pp.1-21, 2017.

J. M. Little and E. Y. Choueiri, Thrust and efficiency model for electron-driven magnetic nozzles, Phys. Plasmas, vol.20, issue.10, 2013.

J. M. Little and E. Y. Choueiri, Electron Cooling in a Magnetically Expanding Plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.117, issue.22, pp.1-5, 2016.

J. Navarro-cavallé, S. Correyero, and E. Ahedo, Collisionless electron cooling on magnetized plasma expansions : advances on modelling, pp.1-14, 2015.

S. Correyero, J. Jarrige, D. Packan, and E. Ahedo, Ion acceleration in the magnetic nozzle of an ECR thruster: Comparison of experimental measurements with a quasi 1D kinetic model, Sp. Propuls, pp.1-8, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01961064

R. A. Gerwin, J. Marklin, A. G. Sgro, and A. H. Glasser, Characterization of plasma flow through magnetic nozzles, 1990.

R. W. Moses, R. A. Gerwin, and K. F. Schoenberg, Resistive plasma detachment in nozzle based coaxial thrusters, AIP Conf. Proc, vol.246, issue.1, 1992.

E. B. Hooper, Plasma Detachment from a Magnetic Nozzle, J. Propuls. Power, vol.9, issue.5, 1993.

P. F. Schmit and N. J. Fisch, Magnetic detachment and plume control in escaping magnetized plasma, J. Plasma Phys, vol.75, issue.3, pp.359-371, 2009.

A. V. Arefiev and B. N. Breizman, Magnetohydrodynamic scenario of plasma detachment in a magnetic nozzle, Phys. Plasmas, vol.12, issue.4, pp.1-10, 2005.

R. Geller, Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas, 1996.

H. Kuninaka, Hayabusa Asteroid Explorer Powered by Ion Engines on the way to Earth, 31st Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.20-25, 2009.

H. Kuninaka, K. Nishiyama, I. Funaki, T. Yamada, Y. Shimizu et al., Powered Flight of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Engines on Hayabusa Explorer, J. Propuls. Power, vol.23, issue.3, pp.544-551, 2007.

R. Tsukizaki, T. Ise, H. Koizumi, H. Togo, K. Nishiyama et al., Plasma Diagnostics of the ?10 ECR Ion ThrusterUsing Optical Fiber Probes, 33rd Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf. IEPC-2013-270, pp.1-8, 2013.

M. Shen, H. Fang, Y. Chao, S. W. Tam, and Y. Li, Development of a Micro ECR Ion Thruster for Space Propulsion, Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-8, 2017.

H. Koizumi and H. Kuninaka, Miniature Microwave Discharge Ion Thruster Driven by 1 Watt Microwave Power, J. Propuls. Power, vol.26, issue.3, pp.601-604, 2010.

J. E. Foster, H. Kamhawi, T. Haag, C. Carpenter, and G. Williams, High Power ECR Ion Thruster Discharge Characterization, Proc. Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf. 2005, no. February, pp.1-25, 2005.

J. E. Foster, The High Power Electric Propulsion ( HiPEP ) Ion Thruster, 40th Jt. Propuls. Conf., no. July, pp.1-12, 2004.

A. Girard, D. Hitz, G. Melin, and K. Serebrennikov, Electron cyclotron resonance plasmas and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources: Physics and technology (invited), Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.75, issue.5, pp.1381-1388, 2004.

R. Bardet, T. Consoli, and R. Geller, Experimental results on plasma acceleration by gradients of static magnetic and electromagnetic, Nucl. Fusion, vol.4, issue.48, pp.2-6, 1964.

T. Consoli and R. B. Hall, Plasma acceleration by electromagnetic and magnetostatic field gradients, Nucl. Fusion, vol.3, issue.237, pp.237-247, 1963.

R. Bardet, P. Brian, and L. Lupas, Hot-electron-plasma accumulation in the CIRCE mirror experiment, Nucl. Fusion, vol.15, issue.865, 1975.

F. Bourg, R. Geller, B. Jacquot, T. Lamy, M. Pontonnier et al., Source d"Ions Multicharges MINIMAFIOS: Nouvelles Caractérisitiques, Nucl. Instruments Methods, vol.196, pp.325-329, 1982.

F. Bourg, R. Geller, and B. Jacquot, Source d"Ions Lourds Multicharges CAPRICE 10 GHz pour tous les Elements Metalliques et Gazeux, Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res, vol.254, pp.13-21, 1987.

B. Jacquot, P. Briand, F. Bourg, and R. Geller, Source d"Ions Lourds Caprice 10GHz, Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res, vol.269, pp.1-6, 1988.

P. Sortais, Recent progress in making highly charged ion beams, Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. B, vol.98, issue.1-4, pp.508-516, 1995.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00648769

P. Sortais, General review of recent developments for electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (invited), Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.67, issue.3, pp.867-872, 1996.

R. Geller, Electron cyclotron resonance sources: Historical review and future prospects (invited), Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.69, issue.3, pp.1302-1310, 1998.

C. M. Lyneis, Results with the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source VENUS (invited), Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.75, issue.5, pp.1389-1393, 2004.

C. Lyneis, D. Leitner, M. Leitner, C. Taylor, and S. Abbott, The third generation superconducting 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source VENUS (invited)a), Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.81, issue.2, 2010.

S. Gammino, The Superconducting ECR Ion Source SERSE: A Tool For Higher Energies and Currents With the LNS Superconducting Cyclotron, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, pp.413-416, 1996.

S. Gammino, G. Ciavola, L. Celona, D. Hitz, A. Girard et al., Operation of the SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 28 GHz, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.72, issue.11, p.4090, 2001.

S. Gammino, Comparison of operations of the SERSE ion source at 18 and 28 GHz, PACS2001. Proc. 2001 Part. Accel. Conf. (Cat. No.01CH37268), pp.2409-2411, 2001.

L. Sun, Advancement of highly charged ion beam production by superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL (invited), Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.87, issue.2, 2016.

F. Jaeger, A. J. Lichtenberg, and M. A. Lieberman, Theory of electron cyclotron resonance heating-i. short time and adiabatic effects, Plasma Phys, vol.14, pp.1073-1100, 1972.

G. D. Alton and D. N. Smithe, Design studies for an advanced ECR ion source, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.65, issue.4, pp.775-787, 1994.

V. D. Dougar-jabon, A. M. Umnov, and D. S. Diaz, Three-dimensional simulation of an ECR plasma in a minimum-B trap, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.73, issue.2, p.629, 2002.

F. Consoli, Microwave field distribution and electron cyclotron resonance heating process, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.79, issue.2, 2008.

L. Neri, D. Mascali, L. Celona, S. Gammino, and G. Ciavola, A 3D Monte Carlo code for the modeling of plasma dynamics and beam formation mechanism in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.83, issue.2, pp.2010-2013, 2012.

D. Mascali, 3D-full wave and kinetics numerical modelling of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources plasma: Steps towards self-consistency, Eur. Phys. J. D, vol.69, issue.1, 2015.

R. Bardet, Flux of D + ions with pléiade, Nucl. Fusion, vol.6, issue.228, pp.3-6, 1966.

N. Sakudo, K. Tokiguchi, H. Koike, and I. Kanomata, Microwave ion source for high-current 252

, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.49, issue.7, pp.940-943, 1978.

J. Ishikawa, Y. Takeiri, and T. Takagi, Axial magnetic field extraction-type microwave ion source with a permanent magnet, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.55, issue.4, pp.449-456, 1984.

T. Taylor, High-current dc microwave ion sources (invited), Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.63, issue.4, pp.2507-2512, 1992.

S. Gammino, L. Celona, G. Ciavola, F. Maimone, and D. Mascali, Review on high current 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance sources (invited), Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.81, issue.2, 2010.

R. Gobin, High intensity ECR ion source (H+, D+, H?) developments at CEA/Saclay, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.73, issue.2, pp.922-924, 2002.

Z. Sitar, M. J. Paisley, D. K. Smith, and R. F. Davis, Design and performance of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma source for standard molecular beam epitaxy equipment, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.61, issue.9, pp.2407-2411, 1990.

J. Asmussen, T. A. Grotjohn, P. Mak, and M. A. Perrin, The design and application of electron cyclotron resonance discharges, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1196-1221, 1997.

M. Pichot, A. Durandet, J. Pelletier, Y. Arnal, and L. Vallier, Microwave multipolar plasmas excited by distributed electron cyclotron resonance: Concept and performance, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.59, issue.7, pp.1072-1075, 1988.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00282399

P. Sortais, T. Lamy, J. ?dard, J. Angot, L. Latrasse et al., Ultracompact/ultralow power electron cyclotron resonance ion source for multipurpose applications, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.81, issue.2, pp.2-314, 2010.

M. J. Patterson, NEXT Ion Propulsion System Development Status and Performance, 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Jt. Propuls. Conf. Exhib, pp.1-17, 2007.

H. J. Leiter, Development of the Radio Frequeny Ion Thruster RIT XT -A Status Report, pp.1-8, 2001.

H. J. Leiter, M. Berger, and M. Rath, Evolution of the AIRBUS DS GmbH Radio Frequency Ion Thruster Family, 34rd Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-10, 2015.

H. J. Leiter, C. Altmann, J. Porst, D. Lauer, M. Berger et al., Six Decades of Thrust -The Arian Group Radiofrequency Ion Thrusters and Systems Family, 35th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf., p, pp.2017-2044, 2017.

L. Grimaud and S. Mazouffre, Performance comparison between standard and magnetically shielded 200 W Hall thrusters with BN-SiO2 and graphite channel walls, Vacuum, vol.155, pp.514-523, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02409585

S. Mazouffre and L. Grimaud, Characteristics and Performances of a 100-W Hall Thruster for Microspacecraft, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.46, issue.2, pp.330-337, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02409567

A. V. Loyan, T. A. Maksymenko, ;. Hall, and . Thruster, , pp.1-14, 2007.

L. T. Williams and M. L. Walker, Plume structure and ion acceleration of a helicon plasma source, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.43, issue.5, pp.1694-1705, 2015.

L. T. Williams and M. L. Walker, Thrust Measurements of a Radio Frequency Plasma Source, J. Propuls. Power, vol.29, issue.3, pp.520-527, 2013.

O. V. Batishchev, Minihelicon plasma thruster, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, vol.37, issue.8 PART 2, pp.1563-1571, 2009.

A. Shabshelowitz and A. D. Gallimore, Performance and Probe Measurements of a Radio-Frequency Plasma Thruster, J. Propuls. Power, vol.29, issue.4, pp.919-929, 2013.

M. Wiebold, Y. T. Sung, and J. E. Scharer, Experimental observation of ion beams in the Madison Helicon eXperiment, Phys. Plasmas, vol.18, issue.6, 2011.

Y. T. Sung, Y. Li, and J. E. Scharer, Fast, hot electron production and ion acceleration in a helicon inductive plasma, Phys. Plasmas, vol.23, issue.9, 2016.

R. Winglee, T. Ziemba, L. Giersch, J. Prager, J. Carscadden et al., Simulation and laboratory validation of magnetic nozzle effects for the high power helicon thruster, Phys. Plasmas, vol.14, issue.6, 2007.

D. Pavarin and F. Ferri, Experimental set-up to test a 50 w helicon plasma thruster, p.204, 2009.

D. Pavarin, Thruster Development Set-up for the Helicon Plasma Hydrazine Combined Micro Research Project (HPH.com)," in IEPC, p.241, 2011.

F. Trezzolani, Low Power Radio-Frequency Plasma Thruster Development and Testing, 33rd Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-16, 2013.

F. Trezzolani, M. Magarotto, M. Manente, and D. Pavarin, Development of a counterbalanced pendulum thrust stand for electric propulsion, Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed, vol.122, pp.494-501, 2018.

F. Trezzolani, M. Manente, A. Selmo, and D. Melazzi, Development and Test of an High Power RF Plasma Thruster in Project SAPERE-STRONG, 35th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, vol.3, pp.1-9, 2017.

F. Trezzolani, Development and Testing of a Miniature Helicon Plasma Thruster, 2017.

A. Fruchtman, K. Takahashi, C. Charles, and R. W. Boswell, A magnetic nozzle calculation of the force on a plasma, Phys. Plasmas, vol.19, issue.3, 2012.

K. Takahashi, T. Lafleur, C. Charles, P. Alexander, and R. W. Boswell, Electron diamagnetic effect on axial force in an expanding plasma: Experiments and theory, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.107, issue.23, pp.1-4, 2011.

T. Lafleur, K. Takahashi, C. Charles, and R. W. Boswell, Direct thrust measurements and modelling of a radio-frequency expanding plasma thruster, Phys. Plasmas, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1-4, 2011.

C. Charles, R. Boswell, and K. Takahashi, Boltzmann expansion in a radiofrequency conical helicon thruster operating in xenon and argon, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.102, issue.22, 2013.

K. Takahashi, C. Charles, R. Boswell, and A. Ando, Performance improvement of a permanent magnet helicon plasma thruster, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys, vol.46, issue.35, pp.1-6, 2013.

K. Takahashi, C. Charles, R. Boswell, and A. Ando, Effect of magnetic and physical nozzles 254 on plasma thruster performance, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.23, issue.4, 2014.

A. Chiba, K. Takahashi, A. Komuro, and A. Ando, Characterization of Helicon Plasma Thruster Performance Operated for Various Rare Gas Propellants, J. Propuls. Power, vol.31, issue.3, pp.962-965, 2015.

K. Takahashi, A. Komuro, and A. Ando, Measurement of plasma momentum exerted on target by a small helicon plasma thruster and comparison with direct thrust measurement, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.86, issue.2, 2015.

K. Takahashi, A. Komuro, and A. Ando, Effect of source diameter on helicon plasma thruster performance and its high power operation, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol, vol.24, issue.5, 2015.

K. Takahashi, A. Komuro, and A. Ando, Operating a magnetic nozzle helicon thruster with strong magnetic field, Phys. Plasmas, vol.23, issue.3, 2016.

T. Nakamura, Direct Measurement of Electromagnetic Thrust of Electrodeless Helicon Plasma Thruster Using Magnetic Nozzle, World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol, vol.71, issue.11, pp.797-801, 2012.

J. Navarro-cavallé, Experimental performances of a 1 kW HPT by means of plasma diagnostics, pp.1-11, 2017.

B. W. Longmier, VX-200 Magnetoplasma Thruster Performance Results Exceeding Fifty-Percent Thruster Efficiency, J. Propuls. Power, vol.27, issue.4, pp.915-920, 2011.

B. W. Longmier, Improved Efficiency and Throttling Range of the VX-200

M. Thruster, J. Propuls. Power, vol.30, issue.1, pp.123-132, 2014.

J. E. Polk, Recommended Practice for Thrust Measurement in Electric Propulsion Testing, J. Propuls. Power, vol.33, issue.3, pp.539-555, 2017.

D. L. Brown, M. L. Walker, J. Szabo, W. Huang, and J. E. Foster, Recommended Practice for Use of Faraday Probes in Electric Propulsion Testing, J. Propuls. Power, vol.33, issue.3, pp.582-613, 2017.

J. S. Miller, S. H. Pullins, D. J. Levandier, Y. H. Chiu, and R. A. Dressler, Xenon charge exchange cross sections for electrostatic thruster models, J. Appl. Phys, vol.91, issue.3, pp.984-991, 2002.

R. P. Mceachran and A. D. Stauffer, Momentum transfer cross sections for the heavy noble gases, Eur. Phys. J. D, vol.68, issue.6, 2014.

P. Elias, Advances in the kinetic simulation of microwave absorption in an ECR thruster, 35th International Electric Propulsion Conference, pp.1-11, 2017.

F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Plenum Pre, 2016.

A. Dunaevsky, Y. Raitses, and N. J. Fisch, Secondary electron emission from dielectric materials of a Hall thruster with segmented electrodes, Physics of Plasmas, vol.10, issue.6, pp.2574-2577, 2003.

G. Kornfeld, N. Koch, and G. Coustou, First Test Results of the Hemp Thruster Concept, 28th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf., no. February, pp.1-10, 2003.

D. Packan, J. Bonnet, and S. Rocca, Thrust Measurements with the ONERA Micronewton Balance, 30th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf., p. IEPC, 2007.

J. Jarrige, Thrust Measurements of the Gaia Mission Flight-Model Cold Gas Thrusters, J. Propuls. Power, vol.30, issue.4, pp.934-943, 2014.

J. G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols, Optimum settings for automatic controllers, InTech, vol.42, issue.6, pp.94-100, 1995.

M. Gamero-castaðo, A torsional balance for the characterization of microNewton thrusters, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.74, issue.10, pp.4509-4514, 2003.

R. M. Lequin, Guide to the expression of uncertainty of measurement: Point/counterpoint, Clin. Chem, vol.50, issue.5, pp.977-978, 2004.

T. Vialis, J. Jarrige, A. Aanesland, and D. Packan, Direct Thrust Measurement of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Thruster, J. Propuls. Power, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1-11, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01849176

S. Correyero, J. Jarrige, and D. Packan, Measurement of anisotropic plasma properties along the, 35th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf, pp.1-10, 2017.

T. Vialis, J. Jarrige, and D. Packan, Geometry optimization and effect of gas propellant in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma thruster, pp.1-12, 2017.

G. D. Hobbs and J. A. Wesson, Heat flow through a Langmuir sheath in the presence of electron emission, Plasma Phys, vol.9, issue.1, pp.85-87, 1967.

A. G. Drentje, U. Wolters, A. Nadzeyka, D. Meyer, and K. Wiesemann, Simon short circuit effect in ECRIS, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.73, issue.2, p.516, 2002.

J. A. Linnell and A. D. Gallimore, Efficiency Analysis of a Hall Thruster Operating with Krypton and Xenon, pp.1-18, 2005.

M. R. Nakles, W. A. Hargus, J. J. Delgado, and R. L. Corey, A Performance Comparison of Xenon and Krypton Propellant on an SPT-100 Hall Thruster, 2011.

R. Spektor, W. G. Tighe, P. H. Stoltz, and K. R. Beckwith, Facility Effects on Hall Thruster Performance Through Cathode Coupling, 2015.

K. Takahashi, Direct thrust measurement of a permanent magnet helicon double layer thruster, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.98, issue.14, pp.1-4, 2011.

J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 1975.

S. Correyero, J. Jarrige, D. Packan, and E. Ahedo, Measurement of Anisotropic Plasma Properties along the Magnetic Nozzle Expansion of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Thruster, 35th Int. Electr. Propuls. Conf., p, pp.2017-437, 2017.