D. Abegunde, N. Orobaton, A. Bassi, O. Oguntunde, M. Bamidele et al., The impact of integrated community case management of childhood diseases interventions to prevent malaria fever in children less than five years old in bauchi state of Nigeria, PloS ONE, vol.11, issue.2, p.148586, 2016.

A. M. -ahmadi, M. Yousefi, and S. Fazayeli, Consumer price index changes in Iran's public and health sectors, The economic research, vol.10, pp.99-112, 2010.

D. J. Aigner, C. A. Lovell, and P. Schmidt, Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models, Journal of Econometrics, vol.6, pp.21-37, 1977.

K. Alam and A. Mahal, Economic impacts of health shocks on households in low and middle income countries : a review of the literature, Globalization and Health, vol.10, pp.1-18, 2014.

M. -alsan, D. E. Bloom, D. Canning, S. Morris, L. H. Moulton et al., Assessing the impact of integrated community case management (iccm) programs on child mortality: review of early results and lessons learned in Sub-Saharan Africa, National Bureau of Economic Research -Amouzou A, vol.4, issue.2, p.20411, 2004.

A. -arab, M. C. Jackson, and C. Kongoli, Modelling the effects of weather and climate on malaria distributions in West Africa, Malaria Journal, vol.13, 2014.

M. -arellano and S. Bond, Some Tests of Specification for Panel Carlo Application to Data : Evidence and an Employment Equations, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.58, pp.277-297, 1991.

W. K. -asenso-okyerea and J. A. Dzatorb, Household cost of seeking malaria care. A retrospective study of two districts in Ghana, Social Science and Medicine, vol.45, pp.659-667, 1997.

A. -asfaw, J. V. Braun, D. Canning, and J. Sevilla, Is consumption insured against illness? Evidence on vulnerability of households to health shocks in rural Ethiopia, World Development, vol.32, issue.1, pp.1-13, 2004.

R. -blundell and S. Bond, GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions, Econometric Reviews, vol.19, pp.321-340, 1998.

J. G. -breman, A. Mills, R. W. Snow, J. A. Mulligan, C. Lengeler et al., Conquering malaria. Chapter 21 of the book "Disease control priorities in developing countries, pp.413-431, 2006.

A. -briggs, M. Sculpher, and M. Buxton, Uncertainty in the economic evaluation of health care technologies: the role of sensitivity analysis, Health Economics, vol.3, issue.2, pp.95-104, 1994.

J. Broulette, H. Yu, B. Pyenson, K. Iwasaki, and R. Sato, The incidence rate and economic burden of community acquired pneumonia in a working age population, American health and drug benefits, vol.6, issue.8, pp.494-503, 2013.

S. -bukhari and M. Butt, The direction of causality between health spending and GDP: the case of Pakistan, Pakistan Economic and Social Review, vol.45, issue.1, pp.125-140, 2007.

D. -card and A. Krueger, Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the FastFood Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, The American economic review, vol.84, issue.4, pp.772-793, 1994.

A. -case, A. Fertig, and C. Paxson, From cradle to grave? The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstances, 2003.

S. -chanteau, Les maladies quarantenaires : Actualités sur la peste à Madagascar, Médecine Tropicale, vol.98, issue.2S, 1998.

S. -chanteau, V. Rasolofo, H. Ramarokoto, T. Rasolonavalona, O. Ratsirahonanana et al., Résistance aux antituberculeux à Madagascar en 1994-1995, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol.1, issue.5, pp.405-410, 1997.

I. -cleemput, M. Neyt, N. Thiry, C. De-laet, and M. Leys, Valeurs seuils pour le rapport coût-efficacité en soins de santé, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), 2008.

T. Coelli, E. Fleming, M. A. Cole, and E. Neumayer, Diversification economies and specialisation efficiencies in a mixed food and coffee smallholder farming system in Papua New Guinea, Journal of development studies, vol.31, pp.229-239, 2004.

D. -collins, Z. Jarrah, K. Wright, and A. Lee, The cost of integrated community health services for treating child pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria in three African countries: economic research using systematic sampling, The Lancet, vol.381, p.31, 2014.

W. E. -collins and G. M. Jeffery, Plasmodium malariae : parasite and disease, Clinical microbiology reviews, vol.20, issue.4, pp.579-592, 2007.

. -commission-macroéconomie and . Santé, Macroéconomie et santé : Investir dans la santé pour le développement économique, 2001.

T. D. Cook and D. T. Campbell, Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings, p.405, 1979.

A. P. Contandriopoulos and F. Champagne, L'évaluation dans le domaine de la santé-Concept et méthodes, Bulletin, vol.33, issue.1, pp.12-17, 1993.

S. C. -datta and J. J. Reimer, Malaria and Economic Development, Review of Development Economics, vol.17, pp.1-15, 2013.

A. -deccache, Evaluer la qualité et l'efficacité de la promotion de la santé : approches et méthodes de santé publique et de sciences humaines, Promotion et éducation, vol.4, pp.10-14, 1997.

E. -depetris-chauvin and D. Weil, Malaria and early African development: evidence from the sickle cell trait, pp.1-44, 2013.

N. -devlin and P. Hansen, Health care spending and economic output: Granger causality, Applied Economics Letters, vol.8, 2001.

B. -dormont, Petite apologie des données de panel, Economie & prévision, vol.1, issue.87, pp.19-32, 1989.

T. -druetz, D. K. Siekmans, S. Goossens, V. Ridde, S. Haddad et al., Review of Non-bacterial Infections in Respiratory Medicine: Viral Pneumonia, Archivos de Bronchoneumologia, vol.51, issue.11, pp.590-597, 2013.

P. J. Gertler, S. Martinez, P. Premand, L. Rawlings, and C. Vermeersch, L'évaluation d'impact en pratique, p.235, 2011.

M. Grossman, On the concept of health capital and the demand for health, Journal of Political Economy, vol.80, pp.223-255, 1972.

S. I. Paris--hay, C. A. Guerra, P. W. Gething, A. P. Patil, A. J. Tatem et al., Choix méthodologiques pour l'évaluation économique à la HAS, A World Malaria Map : Plasmodium falciparum Endemicity, vol.6, pp.286-302, 2007.

O. -helisoa, Evolution de la politique sanitaire à Madagascar au début du Xxème siècle. Madagascar : revue de géographie, pp.89-94, 1985.

D. -holtz-eakin, W. Newey, and H. S. Rosen, Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data, Econometrica, vol.56, pp.1371-1395, 2006.

R. E. -howes, S. A. Mioramalala, B. Ramiranirina, T. Franchard, A. J. Rakotorahalahy et al., Contemporary epidemiological overview of malaria in Madagascar: operational utility of reported routine case data for malaria control planning, Malaria Journal, vol.15, issue.1, p.502, 2016.

C. -hurlin and V. Mignon, Une Synthèse des tests de racine unitaire sur données de panel. Economie et Prévision, Minefi -Direction de la prévision, vol.169, pp.253-294, 2005.

F. A. -ihantamalala, R. Ratovoson, R. Mangahasimbola, and F. Rakotomalala, Modélisation de l'accessibilité aux soins dans les centres de santé de base publiques, vol.62, pp.189-190, 2014.

-. , Paludisme, une maladie parasitaire, 2015.

, Enquête Démographique et de Santé Madagascar, 1997.

-. Madagascar--isturiz, R. Luna, C. Ramirez, and J. , Enquête sur les Indicateurs du Paludisme EIPM 2011 à Madagascar. Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Madagascar -INSTAT, Enquête périodique auprès des ménages 2010, vol.14, pp.852-856, 2010.

R. -isturiz, C. Luna, and J. Ramirez, Clinical and economic burden of pneumonia among adults in Latin America, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.14, pp.852-856, 2010.

S. -jamet and J. Corfee-morlot, Assessing the impacts of climate change, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, issue.691, 2009.

Z. -jarrah, A. Lee, K. Wright, K. Schulkers, D. Collins et al., The cost of Integrated Community Case Management in Kono District, Sierra Leone. Analysis report USAID, URC and MSH, p.33, 2013.

S. -kalemli-ozcan, H. E. Ryder, and D. N. Weil, Mortality decline, human capital investment and economic growth, Journal of Development Economics, vol.62, pp.1-23, 2000.

S. R. -khandker, G. B. Koolwal, and H. A. Samad, Handbook on impact evaluation. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Science and Medicine, vol.45, pp.383-397, 2010.

J. -muurinen, Demand for health: A generalised Grossman model, Journal of Health Economics 1, issue, vol.1, pp.5-28, 1982.

, Financement pour la lutte contre le paludisme, 2014.

E. B. -ngoungou, B. Poudiougou, O. Dulac, A. Dicko, A. Boncoeur et al., Persistent neurological sequelae due to cerebral malaria in a cohort of children from Mali, Revue Neurologique, vol.163, issue.5, pp.583-591, 2007.

W. -nordhaus, The health of nations: the contribution of improved health to living standards, pp.193-226, 2002.

N. -nunn and D. Puga, Ruggedness: The blessing of bad geography in Africa. The review of Economics and Statistics, vol.94, pp.20-36, 2012.

-. Brien, B. J. Drummond, M. F. Labelle, R. J. Willan, and A. , In search of power and significance: issues in the design and analysis of stochastic cost-effectiveness studies in health care, Medical Care, vol.32, issue.2, pp.150-63, 1994.

J. Oliva, F. Lobo, J. López-bastida, N. Zozaya, and R. Romay, Indirect costs of cervical and breast cancers in Spain, European Journal of Health Economics, vol.6, pp.309-313, 2005.

M. -omrane, Accès à la terre, dynamique démographique et ancestralité à Madagascar, p.264, 2008.

O. -onwujekwe, R. Chima, and P. Okonkwo, Economic burden of malaria illness on households versus that of all other illness episodes: a study in five malaria holo-endemic Nigerian communities, Health Policy, vol.54, pp.143-59, 2000.

J. N. -orem, J. M. Kirigia, R. Azairwe, I. Kasirye, and O. Walker, Impact of malaria morbidity on gross domestic product in Uganda, International Archives of Medicine, vol.5, 2012.

, Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales, vol.168, 2013.

P. Revill, J. Ochalek, J. Lomas, R. Nakamura, B. Woods et al., Cost-effectiveness thresholds: guiding health care spending for population health improvement. A report by the Centre for Health Economics, 2015.

M. Rhee, M. Sissoko, S. Perry, W. Mcfarland, J. Parsonnet et al., Use of insecticide-treated nets ( ITNs ) following a malaria education intervention in Piron , Mali: a control trial with systematic allocation of households, Malaria Journal, vol.9, pp.1-9, 2005.

, Investissement des entreprises dans la lutte contre le paludisme, retombées économiques et protection de la main d'oeuvre en Afrique, Collection Progrès et Impact, p.6, 2013.

, Focus sur Madagascar. Collection Progrès et Impact, n°7 -Romer, Journal of Political Economy, vol.94, pp.1002-1039, 1986.

S. Russel, The economic burden of illness for households in developing countries: a review of studies focusing on malaria, tuberculosis, and human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.71, issue.2, pp.147-155, 2004.

S. Russell, Ability to pay for health care: concepts and evidence, Health Policy and Planning, vol.11, pp.219-237, 1996.

S. Russell, The economic burden of illness for households in developing countries:a review of studies focusing on malaria, tuberculosis, and human deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.71, pp.147-155, 2004.

J. D. -sachs, Institutions don't rule: direct effects of geography on per capita income, 2003.

J. D. Sachs and P. Malaney, The economic and social burden of malaria, Nature, vol.415, pp.680-685, 2002.

J. D. -sachs and A. M. Warner, Sources of slow growth in African economies, Journal of African Economies, vol.6, issue.3, pp.335-376, 1997.

S. -sadruddin, S. Shehzad, A. Bari, A. Khan, . Ibad-ul-haque et al., Household costs for treatment of severe pneumonia in Pakistan, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.87, pp.137-143, 2012.

L. -salazar, S. Jackson, A. Shiell, and M. Rice, Guide promotion de la santé d'évaluation économique des programmes de promotion de santé, p.108, 2007.

P. A. Samuelson, Social Indifference Curves, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.70, issue.1, pp.1-22, 1956.

R. -sato, R. G. Gomez, S. Nelson, and B. Pinsky, Community-acquired pneumonia episode costs by age and risk in commercially insured US adults aged ?50 years, Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, vol.11, issue.3, pp.251-259, 2013.

N. -schantz-dunn and J. Nour, Malaria and pregnancy: A global health perspective, Reviews in obstetrics and gynecology, vol.2, pp.186-192, 2009.

T. W. -schultz, Investment in human capital, The American Economic Review, vol.51, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1961.

A. -sen, Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation, Feminist Economics, vol.10, pp.77-80, 2004.

E. Septimus, R. Weinstein, T. Perl, D. A. Goldmann, and D. S. Yokoe, Approaches for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections: Go Long or Go Wide?, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol.35, issue.7, pp.797-801, 2014.

U. -siebert, When should decision-analytic modeling be used in the economic evaluation of health care?, European Journal of Health Economics, vol.4, pp.143-150, 2003.

S. -simoens, Health Economic Assessment: Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds and Other Decision Criteria, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol.7, pp.1835-1840, 2010.

H. -sultan-taïeb, P. Tessier, and S. Béjean, Capital humain et coûts de friction. Quels critères de choix pour l'évaluation des pertes de production ? Revue économique, vol.60, pp.293-306, 2009.

V. -tanzi and H. Zee, Fiscal Policy and Long-Run Growth, IMF Staff Papers, vol.44, pp.179-209, 1997.

E. -theodoratou, S. Al-jilaihawi, F. Woodward, J. Ferguson, A. Jhass et al., The effect of case management on childhood Pneumonia mortality in developing countries, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.39, pp.155-71, 2010.

D. -thomas, Health, nutrition and economic prosperity: a microeconomic perspective. CMH Working Paper No. WG1:7. Geneva, World Health Organization Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, 2001.

J. -thuilliez, L'impact du paludisme sur l'éducation primaire : une analyse en coupe transversale des taux de redoublement et d'achèvement. Revue d'économie du développement, vol.17, pp.167-201, 2009.

J. -thuilliez, M. S. Sissoko, O. B. Toure, P. Kamate, J. C. Berthelemy et al., Malaria and Primary education in Mali: a longitudinal study in the village of Donéguébougou, Social Science and Medicine, vol.71, issue.2, pp.324-334, 2010.

E. -tompa, The impact of health on productivity: empirical evidence and policy implications. The review of economic performance and social progress 2, pp.181-202, 2002.

S. D. -vaishnavi and U. Dash, Catastrophic payments for health care among households in urban Tamil Nadu, India, Journal of International Development, vol.21, pp.169-184, 2009.

A. -wagstaff and M. Lindelow, Are health shocks different? : Evidence from a multishocks survey in Laos, pp.1-38, 2010.

D. -waltisperger and F. Meslé, Crise économique et mortalité, Population, vol.60, issue.3, pp.243-276, 2005.

R. P. Wenzel and M. B. Edmond, Infection control: the case for horizontal rather than vertical interventional programs. International of infectious diseases, vol.14, 2010.

B. -woods, P. Revill, M. Sculpher, and K. Claxton, Country-level costeffectiveness thresholds: initial estimates and the need for further research, 2015.

-. Bank, World development report 2008: Agriculture for development, 2008.

-. Bank, ;. T. Baltussen, R. Adam, T. Hutubessy, R. Acharya et al., Making choice in health: WHO guide to cost effectiveness analysis edited by Tan-Torres Edejer, 2003.

, Principes d'évaluation économique pour les responsables des programmes de contrôle des maladies tropicales. Organisation mondiale de la Santé VIH/SIDA, tuberculose et paludisme : Faire reculer le paludisme, 37p. -World Health Organization, World Health Statistics, vol.168, 2003.

E. Worrall, S. Basu, K. Hanson, K. Xu, D. B. Evans et al., Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis, Tropical Medicine and International Health, vol.10, pp.111-117, 2003.

N. Yakhelef, M. Audibert, F. Varaine, J. Chakaya, J. Sitienei et al., Is introducing rapid culture into the diagnostic algorithm of smear-negative tuberculosis cost-effective?, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol.18, issue.5, pp.541-546, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00991625

T. -yamano and T. S. Jayne, Measuring the impacts of working-age adult mortality on small-scale farm households in Kenya, World Development, vol.32, pp.91-119, 2004.

K. H. -yoo, C. G. Yoo, S. K. Kim, J. Y. Jung, M. G. Lee et al., Economic burden and epidemiology of pneumonia in Korean adults aged over 50 years, Journal of Korean Medical Science, vol.28, pp.888-895, 2013.

C. -zeny, L'éducation de base à Madagascar de 1960 à 1976 : motivations et contenus des changements, 1983.