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C. Du-modèle-de-recouvrement and .. .. ,

. .. Dépendancè-a-la-discrétisation-verticale, , p.71

. .. Non-adaptabilité,

.. .. Schéma-exponentiel-aléatoire,

.. .. Adaptabilité-spatiale,

. .. Im, 76 4.3.1 Comparaison de CF tot par les approches SM et, Paramétrisation de la longueur de décorrélation ?z 0 (t), p.77

.. .. Principe-de-la-méthode,

.. .. Résultats-de-la-méthode,

, 80 4.4 ´ Evaluation de la paramétrisation de ?z 0 (t) sur CF tot, Uné equation générale de ?z 0 (t), p.81

S. Au-cisaillement-de-vent and .. .. ,

, SensibilitéSensibilitéà l'estimation des couvertures nuageuses par le schéma sous-maille

. .. Sensibilitésensibilitéà-la-discrétisation-verticale, , p.85

, Si une bonne représentation de la structure nuageuse sous-maille est importante, l'organisation nuageusè a l'´ echelle de plusieurs maille, notamment le recouvrement des fractions nuageuses surfaciques CF surf entre des mailles successives verticalement, est tout aussi déter-minante, 1986.

, Paramétrisation de la longueur de décorrélation ?z 0 (t) Nous proposons ici une méthode afin d'´ evaluer la longueur de décorrélation ?z 0 (t) du schéma

, dans ce domaine non-discrétisédiscrétisé`discrétiséà l'´ echelle d'un SCM, c'estàestà dire composé d'une unique maille "type-SCM" de 700m d'´ epaisseur. la fois "sous-maille" et "inter-maille" dans ce domaine discrétisé, c'estàestà dire composé de plusieurs mailles "type-SCM, Les zones en surbrillances grises représentent les fractions surfaciques des nuages dans les mailles

.. .. Moyens-d'´-etudes-des-effets-radiatifs,

. Compatibilité and . .. Ecrad, , p.92

. Effets and . .. De-lmdz6, , p.95

E. De and . .. Lmdz6, 96 5.3.1 Effets de nos paramétrisations sur les couvertures totales
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00450271

C. Dans-ce, nous analysons les effets radiatifs des paramétrisations présentées dans les

C. Comme-par-exemple-le and . Sw-;-bodassalcedo, En revanche, il est basé sur certaines hypothèses fortes (car réaliséesréaliséesà l'´ echelle des mailles de GCM) comme l'approximation planparalì ele, qui considère les mailles d'une colonne atmosphérique comme infinimentétenduesinfinimentétendues horizontalement et néglige tout effet de bord dans les flux radiatifs. Pour contourner en partie ce probì eme, et pour d'autres raisons exposées plus loin, nous nous sommes intéressés au simulateur d'observable COSP (pour "CFMIP Observation Simulator Package"), présenté dans, Le schéma de rayonnement du GCM LMDz permet de simuler tous les champs radiatifs que nous cherchonsàcherchons`cherchonsà analyser, 2011.

T. Dans-cette, Too Few, Too Bright", partagé par la plupart des GCMs actuels qui tendentà tendent`tendentà sous-estimer la couverture des nuages bas etàet`età surestimer sonépaisseursonépaisseur optique. DesétudesDesétudes comme celle de, nous avons proposé des solutions pour tenter de résoudre un biais connu sous le nom de, 2016.

, avant d'observer les effets radiatifs de ces paramétrisations et leur potentiel pour réduire le biais "Too Few, Too Bright

. Jouhaud, Avant ce travail de thèse, on rappelle qu'une maille de GCMétaitGCMétait considérée par les paramétrisations physiques commé etant soit entì erement nuageuse soitentì erement claire verticalement, sans qu'aucun entre-deux n'existe , jusqu'alors négligée. Cetté etape, qui a fait l'objet d'une publication, Conclusions des nouvelles paramétrisations Représentation sous-maille : Dans le chapitre 3 tout d'abord, nous nous sommes inté-ressésressésà la représentation sous-maille des nuages bas, vol.différentesétudes antérieures, 2008.

, Les nuages hauts comme les cirrusétantcirrusétant composés de cristaux de glace qui sédimentent, et souvent soumisàsoumis`soumisà un fort cisaillement de vent, ils ont tendancè a prendre une forme en "virgule" etàet`età ainsi ne pas adopter une forme purement verticale. On suppose donc que la différence entre leurs fractions volumiques et surfaciques au sein des mailles du GCM est forte et que l'effet de notre paramétrisation serait potentiellement important. la paramétrisation "Triple-Cloud, Afin d'améliorer les schémas présentés ici, nous suggérons ainsi deux pistes : -Adapter le schéma sous-maille présenté ici aux nuages bas issus de la circulation grande-´ echelle, aux nuages moyens et aux nuages hauts, 2004.

.. .. , , p.105

.. .. Grandeurs,

S. .. Effets-radiatifs,

E. Compatibilité-entre-cosp2 and . .. Dans-le-gcm-3d, , p.110

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