.. .. Materials,

, Particle size distribution measurements

. .. Optical-microscopy,

.. .. Stability,

.. .. Results,

.. .. Discussion,

. .. Conclusion, 137 CHAPTER 6. COMPARISON OF THREE PROCESSES FOR PARENTERAL NANOEMULSION PRODUCTION: ULTRASOUNDS, MICROFLUDIZER AND PREMIX MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION Conclusion for example nanoemulsions suitable for injection, with no need of adding a filtration step in order to remove bigger droplets, creating API loss. To conclude, the high pressure PME developed can be used for different applications with the advantages of high monodispersity, improved stability, easy scalability, good tunability of final droplet size and lower energy consumption. Perspectives Perspectives of future studies and applications are the following: ? Other formulations could be produced with the set-up developed such as SLN (with addition of an heating system to the set-up), double emulsions

, Other membrane types can be tested to see if their pressure resistance is better in order to work at higher pressure and to be able to reach smaller droplet sizes

, Further investigation of the effect of microfluidizer on destabilization processes with other formulations to gain a better understanding of the phenomena involved

?. Lastly, going to larger scale is a challenging perspective. Longer membrane and two pumps in parallel can be used to improve flowrate and to work continuously

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