.. .. Chapitre-i-:-assemblage-d'hydrogels,

I. Coller,

I. , Adhésion par des forces faibles

. , Adhésion par liaisons covalentes sur diverses surfaces

. , Quelles interactions moléculaires à l'origine de l'adsorption ?

. , Interactions entre les particules de silice

I. V. Vers-le and .. .. ,

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

I. I. Chapitre, Synthèse et caractérisation des hydrogels et particules

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

A. Annexe, Diffusion dynamique de la lumière

B. Annexe, Détermination de la surface spécifique d'une particule sphérique non poreuse 89

I. Chapitre, Comment mesurer l'adhésion entre deux gels ?

I. Notions-générales-sur-la-théorie-de-l'élasticité and .. .. ,

I. , Rupture et taux de restitution d'énergie

I. I. Essai-de-joint-de-recouvrement and .. .. ,

, Table des matières

I. V. Test-de-pelage-en and Y. .. , Force de pelage et énergie d'adhésion

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

A. Annexe, Détermination de l'énergie d'adhésion pour le pelage

B. Annexe, Mesure de vitesse de propagation par analyse d'image

;. Références, C. W. Peak, J. J. Wilker, and G. Schmidt, A Review on Tough and Sticky Hydrogels, Colloid Polym. Sci, vol.2013, issue.1, pp.2031-2047

H. Yuk, T. Zhang, S. Lin, G. A. Parada, and X. Zhao, Tough Bonding of Hydrogels to Diverse Non-Porous Surfaces, Nat. Mater, 2015.

J. Saito, H. Furukawa, T. Kurokawa, R. Kuwabara, S. Kuroda et al., Robust Bonding and One-Step Facile Synthesis of Tough Hydrogels with Desirable Shape by Virtue of the Double Network Structure, Polym Chem, vol.2, issue.3, pp.575-580, 2011.

H. Tamagawa and Y. Takahashi, Adhesion Force Behavior between Two Gels Attached with an Electrolytic Polymer Liquid, Mater. Chem. Phys, vol.107, issue.1, pp.164-170, 2008.

P. Techawanitchai, M. Ebara, N. Idota, T. Asoh, A. Kikuchi et al., PhotoSwitchable Control of pH-Responsive Actuators via pH Jump Reaction, Soft Matter, vol.8, issue.10, p.2844, 2012.

S. Rose, A. Prevoteau, P. Elzière, D. Hourdet, A. Marcellan et al., Nanoparticle Solutions as Adhesives for Gels and Biological Tissues, Nature, issue.7483, pp.382-385, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01078535

H. Abe, Y. Hara, S. Maeda, and S. Hashimoto, Adhesion of Gels by Silica Particle, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol.118, issue.9, pp.2518-2522, 2014.

N. Annabi, A. Tamayol, S. R. Shin, A. M. Ghaemmaghami, N. A. Peppas et al., Surgical Materials: Current Challenges and Nano-Enabled Solutions, Nano Today, vol.9, issue.5, pp.574-589, 2014.

M. Parani, G. Lokhande, A. Singh, and A. K. Gaharwar, Engineered Nanomaterials for Infection Control and Healing Acute and Chronic Wounds, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol.8, issue.16, pp.10049-10069, 2016.

J. Smart, The Basics and Underlying Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, vol.57, issue.11, pp.1556-1568, 2005.

Y. Huang, W. Leobandung, A. Foss, and N. A. Peppas, Molecular Aspects of Muco-and Bioadhesion:: Tethered Structures and Site-Specific Surfaces, J. Controlled Release, vol.65, issue.1, pp.63-71, 2000.

J. F. Joanny, A. Johner, and T. A. Vilgis, Gels at Interfaces, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol.6, pp.201-209, 2001.

S. Ponce, Adhesion of Thin Structures: Frictional Peeling and Adhesive Shells, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01327267

S. Ponce, J. Bico, and B. Roman, Effect of Friction on the Peeling Test at Zero-Degrees, Soft Matter, 2015.

G. Petitet, M. M. Barquins, and . Caoutchouteux, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2008.

H. Abe, Y. Hara, S. Maeda, and S. Hashimoto, Surface Modification Method for Adhesion of Gels, Chem. Lett, vol.43, issue.2, pp.243-245, 2014.

C. K. Roy, H. L. Guo, T. L. Sun, A. B. Ihsan, T. Kurokawa et al., Self-Adjustable Adhesion of Polyampholyte Hydrogels, Adv. Mater, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.201504059
URL : https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/63800/1/ROY_Self-adjustable%20Adhesion%20of%20Polyampholyte%20Hydrogels.pdf

J. Sahlin and N. Peppas, Enhanced Hydrogel Adhesion by Polymer Interdiffusion: Use of Linear Poly (Ethylene Glycol) as an Adhesion Promoter, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed, vol.8, issue.6, pp.421-436
DOI : 10.1163/156856297x00362

Y. Huang, I. Szleifer, and N. A. Peppas, Gel-gel Adhesion by Tethered Polymers, J. Chem. Phys, vol.114, issue.8, p.3809, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1345723

N. A. Peppas and J. J. Sahlin, Hydrogels as Mucoadhesive and Bioadhesive Materials: A Review, vol.17, pp.1553-1561, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-9612(95)00307-x

J. Macron, E. Hydrogels-en-milieux-immergés-;-jabbari, N. Wisniewski, N. A. Peppas, J. P. Gong et al., Evidence of Mucoadhesion by Chain Interpenetration at a Poly (Acrylic Acid)/mucin Interface Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy, A Versatile pH Sensitive Chondroitin sulfate-PEG Tissue Adhesive and Hydrogel, vol.26, pp.2788-2797, 1993.

A. M. Oelker, J. A. Berlin, M. Wathier, and M. W. Grinstaff, Synthesis and Characterization of Dendron Cross-Linked PEG Hydrogels as Corneal Adhesives, Biomacromolecules, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1658-1665, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/bm200039s
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3878822?pdf=render

M. Wathier and M. W. Grinstaff, Hydrogel Sealants for Wound Repair in Ophthalmic Surgery, Biomater. Regen. Med. Ophthalmol, pp.411-432, 2009.

M. A. Mintzer and M. W. Grinstaff, Biomedical Applications of Dendrimers: A Tutorial, Chem Soc Rev, vol.40, issue.1, pp.173-190, 2011.
DOI : 10.1039/b901839p

C. E. Brubaker and P. B. Messersmith, Enzymatically Degradable Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogel, Biomacromolecules, vol.12, issue.12, pp.4326-4334, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/bm201261d
URL : https://doi.org/10.1021/bm201261d

A. Meddahi-pellé, A. Legrand, A. Marcellan, L. Louedec, D. Letourneur et al., Organ Repair, Hemostasis, and In Vivo Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of Nanoparticles, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, vol.53, issue.25, pp.6369-6373, 2014.

R. R. Netz and D. Andelman, Neutral and Charged Polymers at Interfaces, Phys. Rep, vol.380, issue.1-2, pp.1-95, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/s0370-1573(03)00118-2
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0203364v2.pdf

S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

M. Santore, D. Montarnal, M. Capelot, F. Tournilhac, and L. Leibler, Silica-Like Malleable Materials from Permanent Organic Networks, Dynamics in Adsorbed Homopolymer Layers: Understanding Complexity from Simple Starting Points, vol.10, pp.965-968, 2005.

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.

S. Rose, A. Dizeux, T. Narita, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Time Dependence of Dissipative and Recovery Processes in Nanohybrid Hydrogels, Macromolecules, vol.46, issue.10, pp.4095-4104, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01537610

J. Tang, J. Li, J. Vlassak, and Z. Suo, Adhesion between Highly Stretchable Materials, Soft Matter, 2015.

K. Haraguchi, K. Uyama, and H. Tanimoto, Self-Healing in Nanocomposite Hydrogels, Macromol. Rapid Commun, vol.32, issue.16, pp.1253-1258, 2011.

V. K. Thakur and M. R. Kessler, Self-Healing Polymer Nanocomposite Materials: A Review, Polymer, vol.69, pp.369-383, 2015.

K. N. Haraguchi and . Hydrogels, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci, vol.11, issue.3-4, pp.47-54, 2007.

C. Wu, J. J. Wilker, and G. Schmidt, Robust and Adhesive Hydrogels from CrossLinked Poly(ethylene Glycol) and Silicate for Biomedical Use: Robust and Adhesive Hydrogels from Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene Glycol) ?, Macromol. Biosci, vol.13, issue.1, pp.59-66, 2013.

A. K. Gaharwar, C. P. Rivera, C. Wu, G. Schmidt, and . Transparent, Elastomeric and Tough Hydrogels from Poly(ethylene Glycol) and Silicate Nanoparticles, Acta Biomater, vol.7, issue.12, pp.4139-4148, 2011.

N. Baït, B. Grassl, C. Derail, and A. Benaboura, ) Pefferkorn, E.; Haouam, A.; Varoqui, R. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factors in Adsorption of Polymers on a Plane Lattice, J. Mater. Sci, vol.7, issue.5, pp.2111-2116, 1980.

A. Haouam and E. Pefferkorn, Adsorption and Desorption of Macromolecules at a SolidLiquid Interface. Colloids Surf, vol.34, pp.371-379, 1988.

O. Griot and J. A. Kitchener, Role of Surface Silanol Groups in the Flocculation of Silica Suspensions by Polyacrylamide. Part 2.?Surface Changes of Silica Suspensions on Ageing, Trans. Faraday Soc, p.1032, 1965.

E. A. Doherty, K. D. Berglund, B. A. Buchholz, I. V. Kourkine, T. M. Przybycien et al., Critical Factors for High-Performance Physically Adsorbed (Dynamic) Polymeric Wall Coatings for Capillary Electrophoresis of DNA, Electrophoresis, vol.23, pp.2766-2776, 2002.

P. Zhang and J. Ren, Study of Polydimethylacrylamide-and PolydiethylacrylamideAdsorbed Coatings on Fused Silica Capillaries and Their Application in Genetic Analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol.507, issue.2, pp.179-184, 2004.

E. Pefferkorn, L. Nabzar, and A. Carroy, Adsorption of Polyacrylamide to Na Kaolinite: Correlation between Clay Structure and Surface Properties, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.106, issue.1, pp.94-103, 1985.

H. Inomata, S. Goto, and S. Saito, Phase Transition of N-Substituted Acrylamide Gels, Macromolecules, vol.23, issue.22, pp.4887-4888, 1990.

T. Glomann, G. J. Schneider, J. Allgaier, A. Radulescu, W. Lohstroh et al., Microscopic Dynamics of Polyethylene Glycol Chains Interacting with Silica Nanoparticles, Phys. Rev. Lett, issue.17, p.110, 2013.

J. Rubio and J. A. Kitchener, The Mechanism of Adsorption of Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Flocculant on Silica, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.57, issue.1, pp.132-142, 1976.

R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerisation, and Surface Properties and Biochemistry, 1979.

F. Boulogne, Atténuation Des Aspects Morphologiques Induite Par La Physico-Chimie de Fluides Complexes, 2013.

G. J. Lake and A. G. Thomas, The Strength of Highly Elastic Materials, Proc. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci, vol.300, pp.108-119, 1460.

C. Creton and M. Ciccotti, Fracture and Adhesion of Soft Materials: A Review, Rep. Prog. Phys, vol.2016, issue.4, p.46601

L. Leger and C. Creton, Adhesion Mechanisms at Soft Polymer Interfaces, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci, vol.366, pp.1425-1442, 1869.

J. Tang, G. Xu, Y. Sun, Y. Pei, and D. Fang, Dissipative Properties and Chain Evolution of Highly Strained Nanocomposite Hydrogel, J. Appl. Phys, vol.116, issue.24, p.244901, 2014.

A. Klein, P. G. Whitten, K. Resch, and G. Pinter, Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Fracture Toughness and Energy Dissipation Mechanisms, Is There a Relationship between Adhesion and Bulk Properties? Langmuir, vol.12, issue.61, pp.4492-4496, 2015.

C. Derail, A. Allal, G. Marin, and P. Tordjeman, Relationship between Viscoelastic and Peeling Properties of Model Adhesives. Part 1. Cohesive Fracture, J. Adhes, vol.61, issue.1-4, pp.123-157, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01584344

T. Baumberger, C. Caroli, and D. Martina, Fracture of a Biopolymer Gel as a Viscoplastic Disentanglement Process, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol.21, issue.1, pp.81-89, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00083727

T. Baumberger, C. Caroli, and D. Martina, Solvent Control of Crack Dynamics in a Reversible Hydrogel, Nat. Mater, vol.5, issue.7, pp.552-555, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068459

J. Yang, L. Zhu, X. Yan, D. Wei, G. Qin et al., Hybrid Nanocomposite Hydrogels with High Strength and Excellent Self-Recovery Performance, RSC Adv, vol.6, issue.64, pp.59131-59140, 2016.

B. Perrin, P. Brichon, M. Bracini, C. Derail, Y. Leterrier et al., Une Revue Des Colles Utilisées En Chirurgies Cardiaque, Thoracique et Vasculaire. Chir. Thorac. Cardio-Vasc, vol.16, pp.33-42, 2012.

A. P. Duarte, J. F. Coelho, J. C. Bordado, M. T. Cidade, and M. H. Gil, Surgical Adhesives: Systematic Review of the Main Types and Development Forecast, Prog. Polym. Sci, vol.2012, issue.8, pp.1031-1050

L. Badie, A. Abaut, and B. Basle, Adhésion Sur Les Tissus Biologiques, vol.43, pp.2-8, 2008.

A. V. Pocius, Adhesion and Adhesives Technology: An Introduction, 2012.
DOI : 10.3139/9783446431775

A. J. Singer and H. C. Thode, A Review of the Literature on Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive, Am. J. Surg, vol.187, issue.2, pp.238-248, 2004.

L. Vera, M. Benzerroug, J. Gueudry, R. Varin, S. Haghighat et al., Mise Au Point Sur L'utilisation Des Colles Tissulaires En Ophtalmologie, J. Fr. Ophtamologie, vol.32, pp.290-305, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jfo.2009.01.008

N. Lang, M. J. Pereira, Y. Lee, I. Friehs, N. V. Vasilyev et al., A Blood-Resistant Surgical Glue for Minimally Invasive Repair of Vessels and Heart Defects, Sci. Transl. Med, vol.6, issue.218, pp.218-224, 2014.

D. Dechaux and . Gecko, La Start-up Qui a Inventé Une Super Glue Révolutionnaire, Challenge, 2016.

M. Lévy, F. Lagarde, V. Maraloiu, M. Blanchin, F. Gendron et al., Degradability of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles in a Model of Intracellular Environment: Follow-up of Magnetic, Structural and Chemical Properties, Nanotechnology, vol.2010, issue.39, p.395103

G. S. Alvarez, C. Hélary, A. M. Mebert, X. Wang, T. Coradin et al., Antibiotic-Loaded Silica Nanoparticle-collagen Composite Hydrogels with Prolonged Antimicrobial Activity for Wound Infection Prevention, J. Mater. Chem. B, vol.2014, issue.29, p.4660
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01138991

J. H. Shin, S. K. Metzger, and M. H. Schoenfisch, Synthesis of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Silica Nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.129, issue.15, pp.4612-4619, 2007.

G. Han, L. N. Nguyen, C. Macherla, Y. Chi, J. M. Friedman et al., Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Accelerate Wound Healing by Promoting Fibroblast Migration and Collagen Deposition, Am. J. Pathol, vol.2012, issue.4, pp.1465-1473

. , Effet de la vitesse de traverse, p.61

. , 2.1. Détermination du rayon des particules et de l'état de la solution

. , Détermination de la surface spécifique par analyse BET

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

A. Annexe, Diffusion dynamique de la lumière

B. Annexe, Détermination de la surface spécifique d'une particule sphérique non poreuse 89

;. Références and S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

J. Macron, Hydrogels En Milieux Immergés: De L'adhésion Macroscopique Aux Mécanismes Moléculaires, 2014.

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.

S. P. Obukhov, M. Rubinstein, and R. H. Colby, Network Modulus and Superelasticity. Macromolecules, vol.27, issue.12, pp.3191-3198, 1994.

Y. Tanaka, K. Fukao, and Y. Miyamoto, Fracture Energy of Gels, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol.3, issue.4, pp.395-401, 2000.

H. J. Kong, E. Wong, and D. J. Mooney, Independent Control of Rigidity and Toughness of Polymeric Hydrogels, Macromolecules, vol.36, issue.12, pp.4582-4588, 2003.

P. L. Ritgert and N. Peppas, Transport of Penetrants in the Macromolecular Structure of Coals 4. Models for Analysis of Dynamic Penetrant Transport, Fuel, vol.66, pp.815-826, 1987.

A. R. Berens and H. B. Hopfenberg, Diffusion and Relaxation in Glassy Polymer Powders: 2. Separation of Diffusion and Relaxation Parameters, Polymer, vol.19, issue.5, pp.489-496, 1978.

A. K. Bajpai and A. Giri, Swelling Dynamics of a Macromolecular Hydrophilic Network and Evaluation of Its Potential for Controlled Release of Agrochemicals, React. Funct. Polym, vol.53, issue.2, pp.125-141, 2002.

F. A. Aouada, M. R. Moura, W. T. De;-lopes-da-silva, E. C. Muniz, and L. H. Mattoso, Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophilic, Spectroscopic, and Kinetic Properties of Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Methylcellulose Polysaccharide, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, vol.120, issue.5, pp.3004-3013, 2011.

T. Tanaka and D. J. Fillmore, Kinetics of Swelling of Gels, J. Chem. Phys, vol.1979, issue.3, p.1214

K. Tanaka, Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Water in Pure Water and in Aqueous Solutions of Several Electrolytes with 18 O and 2 H as Tracers, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 Phys. Chem. Condens. Phases, vol.74, pp.1879-1881, 1978.

P. De-gennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics

L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, I. H. Park, C. S. Johnson, and D. A. Gabriel, Probe Diffusion in Polyacrylamide Gels as Observed by Means of Holographic Relaxation Methods: Search for a Universal Equation, A course of Theoretical Physics, vol.7, issue.17, pp.1548-1553, 1986.

J. Crank and P. Nicolson, A Practical Method for Numerical Evaluation of Solutions of Partial Differential Equations of the Heat-Conduction Type, Adv. Comput. Math, vol.6, issue.1, pp.207-226, 1996.

C. Shen and G. S. Springer, Moisture Absorption and Desorption of Composite Materials, J. Compos. Mater, vol.10, issue.1, pp.2-20, 1976.

W. Stöber, A. Fink, and E. Bohn, Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Silica Spheres in the Micron Size Range, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.26, issue.1, pp.62-69, 1968.

S. Reculusa, Synthèse de Matériaux D'architecture Contrôlée À Base de Silice Colloïdale, 2004.

S. Moro, Elaboration de Matériaux Poreux Par Agrégation et Consolidation de Suspensions de Silices Hydrophobées, 2013.

Y. Lin, Y. Hung, J. Su, R. Lee, C. Chang et al., Gadolinium(III)-Incorporated Nanosized Mesoporous Silica as Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents, J. Phys. Chem. B, issue.40, pp.15608-15611, 2004.

Z. Lu, J. Xu, Y. Han, Z. Song, J. Li et al., Robust Fluorescein-Doped Silica Nanoparticles via Dense-Liquid Treatment, Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp, vol.303, issue.3, pp.207-210, 2007.

A. Van-blaaderen and A. Vrij, Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Dispersions of Fluorescent, Monodisperse Silica Spheres. Langmuir, vol.8, pp.2921-2931, 1992.

L. M. Rossi, L. Shi, F. H. Quina, and Z. Rosenzweig, Stöber Synthesis of Monodispersed Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles for Bioanalytical Assays, Langmuir, vol.21, issue.10, pp.4277-4280, 2005.

D. Zhang, Z. Wu, J. Xu, J. Liang, and J. Li, , p.3

L. Qian and X. Yang, 2?-Bipyridine)3Cl2-Immobilized Silica Nanoparticles for Use in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection, 2+ Doped Silica Nanoparticles by Changing the Addition Time of the Dye during the Stöber Process, vol.2010, pp.1353-1358, 2007.

X. Zhao, R. Tapec-dytioco, and W. Tan, Ultrasensitive DNA Detection Using Highly Fluorescent Bioconjugated Nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.125, issue.38, pp.11474-11475, 2003.

F. J. Arriagada and K. J. Osseo-asare, Synthesis of Nanosize Silica in Aerosol OT Reverse Microemulsions, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.170, pp.8-17, 1995.

X. Zhao, R. P. Bagwe, and W. Tan, Development of Organic-Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles in a Reverse Microemulsion, Adv. Mater, vol.16, issue.2, pp.173-176, 2004.

S. Santra, P. Zhang, K. Wang, R. Tapec, and W. Tan, Conjugation of Biomolecules with Luminophore-Doped Silica Nanoparticles for Photostable Biomarkers, Anal. Chem, issue.20, pp.4988-4993, 2001.

E. Rampazzo, S. Bonacchi, M. Montalti, L. Prodi, and N. Zaccheroni, Self-Organizing Core?Shell Nanostructures: Spontaneous Accumulation of Dye in the Core of Doped Silica Nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.129, issue.46, pp.14251-14256, 2007.

A. Imhof, M. Megens, J. J. Engelberts, D. T. De-lang, R. Sprik et al., Spectroscopy of Fluorescein (FITC) Dyed Colloidal Silica Spheres, J. Phys. Chem. B, issue.9, pp.1408-1415, 1999.

B. J. Frisken, Revisiting the Method of Cumulants for the Analysis of Dynamic LightScattering Data, Appl. Opt, vol.40, issue.24, pp.4087-4091, 2001.

D. Babayan, 37) Perro, A. Synthèse et Valorisation de Particules Colloïdales de Morphologie et de Fonctionnalité de Surface Contrôlées, Elaboration D'agrégats Minéraux Nanométriques Linéaires À L'aide de Polymères Thermosensibles, 2006.

A. Labrosse and A. Burneau, Characterization of Porosity of Ammonia Catalysed Alkoxysilane Silica, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol.221, pp.107-124, 1997.

C. Parneix, J. Persello, R. Schweins, and B. Cabane, How Do Colloidal Aggregates Yield to Compressive Stress? Langmuir, vol.25, pp.4692-4707, 2009.

G. J. Lake and O. H. Yeoh, Adhesives-Determination of Tensile Lap-Shear Strength of Rigid-toRigid Bonded Assemblies, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys, vol.4587, issue.6, pp.1157-1190, 1987.

I. Joint-de-recouvrement and .. .. ,

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

I. V. Chapitre, Adhésion entre deux gels neutres

J. Références-;-sahlin and N. Peppas, Enhanced Hydrogel Adhesion by Polymer Interdiffusion: Use of Linear Poly (Ethylene Glycol) as an Adhesion Promoter, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed, vol.8, issue.1, pp.421-436

N. A. Peppas and J. J. Sahlin, Hydrogels as Mucoadhesive and Bioadhesive Materials: A Review, vol.17, pp.1553-1561, 1996.

J. Macron, Hydrogels En Milieux Immergés: De L'adhésion Macroscopique Aux Mécanismes Moléculaires, 2014.

G. Sudre, L. Olanier, Y. Tran, D. Hourdet, and C. Creton, Reversible Adhesion between a Hydrogel and a Polymer Brush, Soft Matter, vol.8, issue.31, p.8184, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02115824

G. Sudre, Tunable Adhesion of Hydrogels, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00578517

H. Park and J. R. Robinson, Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion of Poly(acrylic Acid) Hydrogels, Pharm. Res, issue.6, p.4, 1987.

S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

K. Kendall, Crack Propagation in Lap Shear Joints, J. Phys. Appl. Phys, vol.1975, issue.5, p.512

K. Kendall, Molecular Adhesion and Its Applications: The Sticky Universe, 2001.

K. Kendall, T. Baumberger, C. Caroli, and D. Martina, Solvent Control of Crack Dynamics in a Reversible Hydrogel, J. Phys. Appl. Phys, vol.1975, issue.13, pp.552-555, 2006.

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.

J. Smart, The Basics and Underlying Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, vol.57, issue.11, pp.1556-1568, 2005.

M. Doi and . Dynamics, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn, vol.78, issue.5, p.52001, 2009.

I. , Etalement de goutte de silice et distribution des particules à la surface des hydrogels, p.166

. , 166 I.1.1. Etalement de goutte à la surface des gels

I. , Observation microscopique de la répartition des particules sur des gels

. , I.2.1. A la surface d'un gel

. , Bandes de vibrations caractéristiques de la silice

. , Reproductibilité et effet de l'état de dispersion, Etalement de goutte à la surface d'un hydrogel

. , 4.5.1. Détermination de la concentration de monocouche et de disparition

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

V. Chapitre, . Etalement-de-goutte, S. Rose, A. Prevoteau, P. Elzière et al., Nanoparticle Solutions as Adhesives for Gels and Biological Tissues, Adsorption Références, vol.2013, issue.1, pp.382-385

M. Mirenda, V. Levi, M. L. Bossi, L. Bruno, A. V. Bordoni et al., Temperature Response of Luminescent tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)Doped Silica Nanoparticles, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.392, pp.96-101, 2013.

M. Maurin, Nanoparticules Fluorescentes À Base de Pluronic: Application À L'imagerie Intravitale de La Vascularisation Par Microscopie À Deux Photons et Au Transport de Molécules, 2011.

F. Boulogne, F. Ingremeau, J. Dervaux, L. Limat, and H. A. Stone, Homogeneous Deposition of Particles by Absorption on Hydrogels, EPL Europhys. Lett, vol.112, issue.4, p.48004, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01242287

F. Boulogne, Atténuation Des Aspects Morphologiques Induite Par La Physico-Chimie de Fluides Complexes, 2013.

F. Boulogne, F. Giorgiutti-dauphiné, and L. Pauchard, Surface Patterns in Drying Films of Silica Colloidal Dispersions, Soft Matter, vol.11, issue.1, pp.102-108, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01873291

S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

G. Sudre, Tunable Adhesion of Hydrogels, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00578517

V. Trujillo, J. Kim, and R. C. Hayward, Creasing Instability of Surface-Attached Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.4, issue.3, p.564, 2008.

J. R. Bailey and M. M. Mcguire, ATR-FTIR Observations of Water Structure in Colloidal Silica: Implications for the Hydration Force Mechanism, Langmuir, vol.23, issue.22, pp.10995-10999, 2007.

T. Lagström, T. A. Gmür, L. Quaroni, A. Goel, and M. A. Brown, Surface Vibrational Structure of Colloidal Silica and Its Direct Correlation with Surface Charge Density, Langmuir, issue.12, pp.3621-3626, 2015.

S. L. Warring, D. A. Beattie, and A. J. Mcquillan, Surficial Siloxane-to-Silanol Interconversion during Room-Temperature Hydration/Dehydration of Amorphous Silica Films Observed by ATR-IR and TIR-Raman Spectroscopy, Langmuir, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1568-1576, 2016.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04506

R. Al-oweini and H. El-rassy, Synthesis and Characterization by FTIR Spectroscopy of Silica Aerogels Prepared Using Several Si(OR)4 and R??Si(OR?)3 Precursors, J. Mol. Struct, vol.919, issue.1-3, pp.140-145, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.08.025

J. Chen and J. A. Gardella, Quantitative ATR FT-IR Analysis of Surface Segregation of Polymer Blends of Polystyrene/Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) Co-Polystyrene, Appl. Spectrosc, vol.52, issue.3, pp.361-366, 1998.

M. Milosevic, 16) Innocenzi, P. Infrared Spectroscopy of Sol-gel Derived Silica-Based Films: A SpectraMicrostructure Overview, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol.316, issue.2, pp.309-319, 2003.

R. M. Almeida and C. G. Pantano, Structural Investigation of Silica Gel Films by Infrared Spectroscopy, J. Appl. Phys, issue.8, p.4225, 1990.

S. K. Parida, S. Dash, S. Patel, and B. K. Mishra, Adsorption of Organic Molecules on Silica Surface, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.121, issue.1-3, pp.77-110, 2006.

V. Chapitre and . Etalement-de-goutte, Adsorption, vol.202

T. Richard, L. Mercury, F. Poulet, and L. Hendecourt, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy as a Tool to Characterise Water in Adsorption/confinement Situations, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.304, issue.1, pp.125-136, 2006.

Y. Sekine and T. Ikeda-fukazawa, Structural Changes of Water in a Hydrogel during Dehydration, J. Chem. Phys, vol.130, issue.3, p.34501, 2009.

X. Lu and Y. Mi, Characterization of the Interfacial Interaction between Polyacrylamide and Silicon Substrate by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Macromolecules, vol.38, issue.3, pp.839-843, 2005.

M. K. Gupta and R. Bansil, Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Polyacrylamide, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed, vol.19, issue.2, pp.353-360, 1981.

Y. Xu, M. W. Little, D. J. Rousell, J. L. Laboy, and K. K. Murray, Direct from Polyacrylamide Gel Infrared Laser Desorption/Ionization, Anal. Chem, vol.76, issue.4, pp.1078-1082, 2004.

A. Fidalgo and L. M. Ilharco, The Defect Structure of Sol-gel-Derived Silica/polytetrahydrofuran Hybrid Films by FTIR, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 201AD, vol.283, pp.144-154

J. G. Berryman, Random Close Packing of Hard Spheres and Disks, Phys. Rev. A, vol.27, issue.2, p.1053, 1983.

S. Meyer, C. Song, Y. Jin, K. Wang, and H. A. Makse, Jamming in Two-Dimensional Packings, Phys. Stat. Mech. Its Appl, issue.22, pp.5137-5144, 2010.

P. Raux, Interfaces Mobiles: Friction En Mouillage Nul et Dynamiques de Fronts, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00945753

I. W. Boyd and J. I. Wilson, Structure of Ultrathin Silicon Dioxide Films, Appl. Phys. Lett, issue.6, p.320, 1987.

I. Matériels and . .. Méthodes,

I. , Protocole de collage et mesure d'adhésion par pelage

. , Effet de la concentration de la solution déposée

. , Effet de deux multicouches de silice sur le collage

. .. Conclusion,

. .. Références,

V. I. Chapitre, S. Rose, A. Prevoteau, P. Elzière, D. Hourdet et al., Assemblage d'hydrogels avec des nanoparticules de silice Références, Nature, vol.2013, issue.1, pp.382-385

H. Abe, Y. Hara, S. Maeda, and S. Hashimoto, Adhesion of Gels by Silica Particle, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol.118, issue.9, pp.2518-2522, 2014.

S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

D. Hourdet and L. Petit, Hybrid Hydrogels: Macromolecular Assemblies through Inorganic Cross-Linkers, Macromol. Symp, issue.1, pp.144-158, 2010.

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.

J. Smart, The Basics and Underlying Mechanisms of Mucoadhesion, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev, vol.57, issue.11, pp.1556-1568, 2005.

N. A. Peppas and J. J. Sahlin, Hydrogels as Mucoadhesive and Bioadhesive Materials: A Review, vol.17, pp.1553-1561, 1996.

R. K. Iler, Relation of Particle Size of Colloidal Silica to the Amount of a Cationic Polymer Required for Flocculation and Surface Coverage, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.37, issue.2, pp.364-373, 1971.

R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerisation, and Surface Properties and Biochemistry, 1979.

F. Boulogne, Atténuation Des Aspects Morphologiques Induite Par La Physico-Chimie de Fluides Complexes, 2013.

F. Boulogne, L. Pauchard, and F. Giorgiutti-dauphiné, Annular Cracks in Thin Films of Nanoparticle Suspensions Drying on a Fiber, EPL Europhys. Lett, vol.102, issue.3, p.39002, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01873307

S. Moro, Elaboration de Matériaux Poreux Par Agrégation et Consolidation de Suspensions de Silices Hydrophobées, 2013.

D. Babayan, C. Chassenieux, F. Lafuma, L. Ventelon, and J. Hernandez, Formation of Rodlike Silica Aggregates Directed by Adsorbed Thermoresponsive Polymer Chains, Langmuir, vol.26, issue.4, pp.2279-2287, 2010.

D. Babayan, Elaboration D'agrégats Minéraux Nanométriques Linéaires À L'aide de Polymères Thermosensibles, 2006.

. .. Abstract,

. , Tensile tests and stress relaxation

. , Comparison with CG gels glued by silica nanoparticles, p.251

. .. Conclusion,

. .. References,

V. Chapter, Adhesion and self-adhesion of hydrogels filled by nanoparticles References (1) Calvert, P. Hydrogels for Soft Machines, Adv. Mater, vol.21, issue.7, pp.743-756, 2009.

T. Dvir, B. P. Timko, D. S. Kohane, and R. Langer, Nanotechnological Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissues, Nat. Nanotechnol, vol.6, issue.1, pp.13-22, 2011.

K. Y. Lee and D. J. Mooney, Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering, Chem. Rev, vol.101, issue.7, pp.1869-1880, 2001.

K. Haraguchi and T. Takehisa, Nanocomposite Hydrogels: A Unique Organic-Inorganic Network Structure with Extraordinary Mechanical, Optical, and Swelling/de-Swelling Properties, Adv. Mater, vol.14, issue.16, p.1120, 2002.

K. Haraguchi, T. Takehisa, and S. Fan, Effects of Clay Content on the Properties of Nanocomposite Hydrogels Composed of Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Clay, Macromolecules, vol.35, issue.27, pp.10162-10171, 2002.

K. N. Haraguchi and . Hydrogels, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci, vol.11, issue.3-4, pp.47-54, 2007.

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.

M. Wang, D. Yuan, X. Fan, N. G. Sahoo, and C. He, Polymer Nanocomposite Hydrogels Exhibiting Both Dynamic Restructuring and Unusual Adhesive Properties, Langmuir, vol.29, issue.23, pp.7087-7095, 2013.

J. Liu, C. Chen, C. He, J. Zhao, X. Yang et al., Synthesis of Graphene Peroxide and Its Application in Fabricating Super Extensible and Highly Resilient Nanocomposite Hydrogels, ACS Nano, vol.6, issue.9, pp.8194-8202, 2012.

G. Gao, G. Du, Y. Sun, J. Fu, and . Self-healable, Tough, and Ultrastretchable Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Reversible Polyacrylamide/Montmorillonite Adsorption, p.150218114922002, 2015.

W. Lin, W. Fan, A. Marcellan, D. Hourdet, and C. Creton, Large Strain and Fracture Properties of Poly(dimethylacrylamide)/Silica Hybrid Hydrogels, Macromolecules, issue.5, pp.2554-2563, 2010.

J. Tang, G. Xu, Y. Sun, Y. Pei, and D. Fang, Dissipative Properties and Chain Evolution of Highly Strained Nanocomposite Hydrogel, J. J.; Schmidt, G. A Review on Tough and Sticky Hydrogels. Colloid Polym. Sci, vol.116, issue.24, pp.2031-2047, 2014.

A. K. Gaharwar, S. A. Dammu, J. M. Canter, C. Wu, and G. Schmidt, Highly Extensible, Tough, and Elastomeric Nanocomposite Hydrogels from Poly(ethylene Glycol) and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles, Biomacromolecules, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1641-1650, 2011.

E. Loizou, P. Butler, L. Porcar, and G. Schmidt, Dynamic Responses in Nanocomposite Hydrogels, Macromolecules, vol.39, issue.4, pp.1614-1619, 2006.

Q. Wang, J. L. Mynar, M. Yoshida, E. Lee, M. Lee et al., High-Water-Content Mouldable Hydrogels by Mixing Clay and a Dendritic Molecular Binder, Nature, vol.2010, issue.7279, pp.339-343

S. Tamesue, M. Ohtani, K. Yamada, Y. Ishida, J. M. Spruell et al., Linear versus Dendritic Molecular Binders for Hydrogel Network Formation with Clay Nanosheets: Studies with ABA Triblock Copolyethers Carrying Guanidinium Ion Pendants, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.135, issue.41, pp.15650-15655, 2013.

K. Haraguchi, K. Uyama, and H. Tanimoto, Self-Healing in Nanocomposite Hydrogels, Macromol. Rapid Commun, vol.32, issue.16, pp.1253-1258, 2011.

J. Liu, G. Song, C. He, and H. Wang, Self-Healing in Tough Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogels, Macromol. Rapid Commun, vol.34, issue.12, pp.1002-1007, 2013.

H. Cong, P. Wang, and S. Yu, Stretchable and Self-Healing Graphene OxidePolymer Composite Hydrogels: A Dual-Network Design, Chem. Mater, vol.25, issue.16, pp.3357-3362, 2013.

P. G. De-gennes, A. Gent, and J. Schultz, Effect of Wetting Liquids on the Strength of Adhesion of Viscoelastic Material, J. Adhes, vol.12, issue.19, pp.281-294, 1996.

K. Kendall, Crack Propagation in Lap Shear Joints, J. Phys. Appl. Phys, vol.1975, issue.5, p.512

K. Kendall, Cracking of Short Lap Joints, J. Adhes, vol.7, issue.2, pp.137-140, 1975.

S. Rose, Interactions Polymère/silice: De La Structure Locale Au Renforcement Mécanique D'hydrogels Hybrides, 2013.

P. Frantz and S. Granick, Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and Technology, Adhes. Adhes. Sci. Technol, issue.7, p.899, 1987.

O. Volkersen, Die Nietkraftverteilung in Zugbeanspruchten Nietverbindungen Mit Konstanten Aschenquerschnitten. Luftfahrtforschung, vol.15, pp.41-47, 1938.

C. Creton and H. Lakrout, 34) Gong, J. P. Friction and Lubrication of Hydrogels?its Richness and Complexity, Hydrogels as Mucoadhesive and Bioadhesive Materials: A Review. Biomaterials, vol.38, pp.1553-1561, 1996.

J. Sahlin and N. Peppas, Enhanced Hydrogel Adhesion by Polymer Interdiffusion: Use of Linear Poly (Ethylene Glycol) as an Adhesion Promoter, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed, vol.8, issue.6, pp.421-436

F. Ikkai and M. Shibayama, Inhomogeneity Control in Polymer Gels, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys, issue.6, pp.617-628, 2005.

Y. Huang, W. Leobandung, A. Foss, and N. A. Peppas, Molecular Aspects of Muco-and Bioadhesion:: Tethered Structures and Site-Specific Surfaces, J. Controlled Release, vol.65, issue.1, pp.63-71, 2000.

. .. Abstract,

. , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with attenuated total reflectance (ATR)

. Ii and . .. Results, Adhesion energy of DN gels glued by silica nanoparticle solutions, p.277

. .. Conclusion,

. .. References,

. , Effect of aging PAMPS/PDMAAm (batch no 1)

, References (1) Calvert, P. Hydrogels for Soft Machines, Adv. Mater, vol.21, issue.7, pp.743-756, 2009.

T. Dvir, B. P. Timko, D. S. Kohane, and R. Langer, Nanotechnological Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissues, Nat. Nanotechnol, vol.6, issue.1, pp.13-22, 2011.

C. W. Peak, J. J. Wilker, and G. Schmidt, A Review on Tough and Sticky Hydrogels, Colloid Polym. Sci, vol.2013, issue.9, pp.2031-2047

J. P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, and Y. Osada, Double-Network Hydrogels with Extremely High Mechanical Strength, Adv. Mater, vol.15, issue.14, pp.1155-1158, 2003.

J. P. Gong, Why Are Double Network Hydrogels so Tough?, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.12, p.2583, 2010.

K. Yasuda, N. Kitamura, J. P. Gong, K. Arakaki, H. J. Kwon et al., A Novel Double-Network Hydrogel Induces Spontaneous Articular Cartilage Regeneration in Vivo in a Large Osteochondral Defect, Macromol. Biosci, vol.9, issue.4, pp.307-316, 2009.

J. P. Gong, Friction and Lubrication of Hydrogels?its Richness and Complexity, Soft Matter, vol.2, issue.7, p.544, 2006.

H. Abe, Y. Hara, S. Maeda, and S. Hashimoto, Adhesion of Gels by Silica Particle, J. Phys. Chem. B, vol.118, issue.9, pp.2518-2522, 2014.

J. D. Batteas, X. Quan, and M. K. Weldon, Adhesion and Wear of Colloidal Silica Probed by Force Microscopy, Tribol. Lett, vol.7, issue.2-3, pp.121-128, 1999.

C. Creton and L. Leibler, How Does Tack Depend on Contact Time and Contact Pressure?, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys, vol.34, issue.3, pp.545-554

L. Carlsson, S. Rose, D. Hourdet, and A. Marcellan, Nano-Hybrid Self-Crosslinked PDMA/silica Hydrogels, Soft Matter, vol.6, issue.15, p.3619, 2010.
DOI : 10.1039/c0sm00009d

K. Kendall, Crack Propagation in Lap Shear Joints, J. Phys. Appl. Phys, vol.1975, issue.5, p.512
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3727/8/5/010

Y. Sekine and T. Ikeda-fukazawa, Structural Changes of Water in a Hydrogel during Dehydration, J. Chem. Phys, vol.130, issue.3, p.34501, 2009.

Y. Katsumoto, T. Tanaka, and Y. Ozaki, Molecular Interpretation for the Solvation of Poly(acrylamide)s. I. Solvent-Dependent Changes in the CO Stretching Band Region of Poly( N,N-Dialkylacrylamide)s, J. Phys. Chem. B, issue.44, pp.20690-20696, 2005.

H. Erdemi, A. Bozkurt, and W. H. Meyer, PAMPSA-IM Based Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolytes, Synth. Met, vol.143, issue.1, pp.133-138, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.10.022

P. Staiti, F. Lufrano, A. S. Arico, E. Passalacqua, and V. Antonucci, Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole Membranes-preparation and Physico-Chemical Characterization, J. Membr. Sci, vol.188, issue.1, pp.71-78, 2001.

X. Glipa, M. Haddad, D. J. Jones, and J. Rozière, Synthesis and Characterisation of Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole: A Highly Conducting Proton Exchange Polymer. Solid State Ion, vol.97, pp.323-331, 1997.

S. K. Parida, S. Dash, S. Patel, and B. K. Mishra, Adsorption of Organic Molecules on Silica Surface, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.121, issue.1-3, pp.77-110, 2006.

O. Griot and J. A. Kitchener, Role of Surface Silanol Groups in the Flocculation of Silica Suspensions by Polyacrylamide. Part 1, Chemistry of the Adsorption Process, p.1026, 1965.

E. Pefferkorn, A. Carroy, R. Varoqui, H. D. Bijsterbosch, . ;-cohen et al., Dynamic Behavior of Flexible Polymers at a Solid/liquid Interface, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed, vol.23, issue.10, pp.8981-8987, 1985.

D. Hourdet and L. Petit, Hybrid Hydrogels: Macromolecular Assemblies through Inorganic Cross-Linkers, Macromol. Symp, issue.1, pp.144-158, 2010.

K. Yasuda, J. Ping-gong, Y. Katsuyama, A. Nakayama, Y. Tanabe et al., Biomechanical Properties of High-Toughness Double Network Hydrogels, Biomaterials, vol.26, issue.21, pp.4468-4475, 2005.

C. Azuma, K. Yasuda, Y. Tanabe, H. Taniguro, F. Kanaya et al., Biodegradation of High-Toughness Double Network Hydrogels as Potential Materials for Artificial Cartilage, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, vol.81, issue.2, pp.373-380, 2007.

R. E. Webber, C. Creton, H. R. Brown, and J. P. Gong, Large Strain Hysteresis and Mullins Effect of Tough Double-Network Hydrogels, Macromolecules, vol.40, issue.8, pp.2919-2927, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00166305

T. Nakajima, H. Furukawa, Y. Tanaka, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada et al., True Chemical Structure of Double Network Hydrogels, Macromolecules, vol.42, issue.6, pp.2184-2189, 2009.

T. C. Suekama, J. Hu, T. Kurokawa, J. P. Gong, and S. H. Gehrke, Double-Network Strategy Improves Fracture Properties of Chondroitin Sulfate Networks, ACS Macro Lett, vol.2013, issue.2, pp.137-140

M. Friedman and . Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Safety of Acrylamide. A Review. J. Agric. Food Chem, vol.51, issue.16, pp.4504-4526, 2003.

J. Dejongh, M. Nordin-andersson, B. A. Ploeger, and A. Forsby, Estimation of Systemic Toxicity of Acrylamide by Integration of in Vitro Toxicity Data with Kinetic Simulations, Toxicol. Appplied Pharmacol, vol.158, pp.261-268, 1999.

B. Références-;-perrin, P. Brichon, M. Bracini, C. Derail, Y. Leterrier et al., Une Revue Des Colles Utilisées En Chirurgies Cardiaque, Thoracique et Vasculaire. Chir. Thorac. Cardio-Vasc, vol.16, pp.33-42, 2012.

N. Annabi, A. Tamayol, S. R. Shin, A. M. Ghaemmaghami, N. A. Peppas et al., Surgical Materials: Current Challenges and Nano-Enabled Solutions, Nano Today, vol.9, issue.5, pp.574-589, 2014.

W. Stöber, A. Fink, and E. Bohn, Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Silica Spheres in the Micron Size Range, J. Colloid Interface Sci, vol.26, issue.1, pp.62-69, 1968.