. Bibliographie-[basile, Developing a large semantically annotated corpus, LREC 2012, 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, p.33, 2012.

[. Batchkarov, A critique of word similarity as a method for evaluating distributional semantic models, The First Workshop on Evaluating Vector Space Representations for NLP, p.38, 2016.

. Beeferman, D. Berger-;-beeferman, and A. Berger, Agglomerative Clustering of a Search Engine Query Log, Proceedings of the Sixth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD '00, p.67, 2000.

[. Bellot, Query Expansion and Classification of Retrieved Documents, Proceedings of the 7th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-7), p.65, 1998.

. Ben-khiroun, Towards a Query Translation Disambiguation Approach using Possibility Theory, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2018), pp.145-154, 2018.

. Ben-khiroun, , 2011.

N. Bellamine-ben-saoud, A Possibilistic Approach for Semantic Query Expansion, The 4th international conference on Internet Technologies and Applications ( ITA 2011 ), vol.89, pp.90-103, 2011.

. Ben-khiroun, , 2012.

, A Possibilistic Approach for Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation, Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing (ROCLING), vol.9, p.154

. Ben-khiroun, , 2014.

N. Bellamine-ben-saoud, Improving query expansion by automatic query disambiguation in intelligent information retrieval, The 6th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2014), vol.7, pp.151-154, 2014.

. Ben-romdhane, A Discriminative Possibilistic Approach for Query Translation Disambiguation, Natural Language Processing and Information Systems, vol.2, pp.84-150, 2017.

. Benferhat, Possibilistic logic bases and possibilistic graphs, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on BIBLIOGRAPHIE Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, p.79, 1999.

Y. Bestgen and M. Wiemer-hastings, Improving Text Segmentation Using Latent Semantic Analysis : A Reanalysis of Choi, Computational Linguistics, vol.32, issue.3, pp.455-491, 2006.

[. Bhogal, A Review of Ontology Based Query Expansion, Inf. Process. Manage, vol.43, issue.4, pp.64-65, 2007.

G. Bian and S. Teng, Integrating query translation and text classification in a cross-language patent access system, In : Proceedings of NTCIR-7, 2005.

, Workshop Meeting, p.96

[. Biau, P value and the theory of hypothesis testing : an explanation for new researchers, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.468, issue.3, pp.123-149, 2010.

[. Billerbeck, Query Expansion Using Associated Queries, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '03, p.67, 2003.

[. Borgelt, Possibilistic graphical models, Computational Intelligence in Data Mining, vol.408, p.79, 2000.

P. Borlund, The concept of relevance in IR, J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol, vol.54, issue.10, pp.913-925, 2003.

[. Bouchoucha, Integrating Multiple Resources for Diversified Query Expansion, Advances in Information Retrieval-36th European Conference on IR Research, pp.437-442, 2014.

[. Bouchoucha, Towards Query Level Resource Weighting for Diversified Query Expansion, éditeurs : Advances in Information Retrieval-37th European Conference on IR Research, vol.9022, pp.1-12, 2015.

. Bounhas, Experimenting a Discriminative Possibilistic Classifier with Reweighting Model for Arabic Morphological Disambiguation, Computer Speech and Language, vol.33, issue.1, p.83, 2015.

. Braschler, M. Peters-;-braschler, C. Peters, C. Peters, J. Gonzalo et al., éditeurs : Comparative Evaluation of Multilingual Information Access Systems, numéro 3237 de Lecture Notes in Computer Science, CLEF 2003 Methodology and Metrics, vol.3, p.146, 2004.

D. Bibliographie-[dubois-et-prade-;-dubois and H. Et-prade, Possibility theory and its application : Where do we stand, Mathware and Soft Computing, vol.18, issue.1, pp.2-77, 2011.

D. Dubois and H. Et-prade, Possibility theory, éditeur : Computational Complexity, vol.2, p.130, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136336

[. Duque, CO-graph : A new graph-based technique for cross-lingual word sense disambiguation, Natural Language Engineering, vol.21, issue.5, pp.45-49, 2015.

P. Edmonds and G. Hirst, Near-Synonymy and Lexical Choice, Computational Linguistics, vol.28, issue.2, p.119, 2002.

B. Elayeb, SARIPOD : Système multi-Agent de Recherche Intelligente POssibiliste des Documents Web, Tunisie, vol.9, pp.149-153, 2009.

[. Elayeb, , 2018.

, Towards a new possibilistic query translation tool for crosslanguage information retrieval. Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol.77, p.150

B. Elayeb and I. Bounhas, Arabic Cross-Language Information Retrieval : A Review, ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), vol.15, issue.3, pp.151-154, 2016.

[. Elayeb, Combining Semantic Query Disambiguation and Expansion to Improve Intelligent Information Retrieval, éditeurs : Agents and Artificial Intelligence, numéro 8946 de Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4, pp.151-154, 2015.

[. Elayeb, Towards a possibilistic information retrieval system using semantic query expansion, International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies, vol.7, issue.4, p.130, 2011.

[. Elayeb, A Comparative Study Between Possibilistic and Probabilistic Approaches for Monolingual Word Sense Disambiguation, Knowl. Inf. Syst, vol.44, issue.1, p.154, 2015.

[. Elayeb, , 2009.

, Towards an intelligent possibilistic web information retrieval using multiagent system. The International Journal of Interactive Technology and Smart Education (ITSE), Special issue : New learning support systems, vol.6, p.135

K. Erk and C. Strapparava, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. The Association for Computer Linguistics, p.31, 2010.

L. Ermakova and J. Et-mothe, Query Expansion by Local Context Analysis, CORIA-CIFED, pp.235-250, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535941

B. D. Eugenio, On the usage of Kappa to evaluate agreement on coding tasks, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, p.118, 2000.

P. Fabiani, Représentation dynamique de l'incertain et stratégie de perception pour un système autonome en environnement évolutif, p.78, 1996.

H. Fang, A Re-examination of Query Expansion Using Lexical Resources, Proceedings of ACL-08 : HLT, vol.2, pp.63-128, 2008.

S. Faralli and R. Navigli, A New Minimally-Supervised Framework for Domain Word Sense Disambiguation, 2012.

M. Pasca, éditeurs : Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, p.39

L. Fitzpatrick and M. Dent, Automatic Feedback Using Past Queries : Social Searching ?, Proceedings of the 20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '97, p.67, 1997.

W. N. Francis, A Standard Corpus of Edited Present-Day American English, College English, vol.26, issue.4, p.33, 1965.

[. Fu, Ontology-Based Spatial Query Expansion in Information Retrieval, On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005 : CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE, pp.1466-1482, 2005.

. Springer, , p.64

P. Galeas-et-freisleben-;-galeas and B. Et-freisleben, Word Distribution Analysis for Relevance Ranking and Query Expansion, Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, p.66, 2008.

. Gan, L. Hong-;-gan, and H. Hong, Improving query expansion for information retrieval using wikipedia, International Journal of Database Theory and Application, vol.8, issue.3, p.67, 2015.
DOI : 10.14257/ijdta.2015.8.3.03
URL : https://doi.org/10.14257/ijdta.2015.8.3.03

K. Garrouch and M. N. Omri, Possibilistic Network based Information Retrieval Model, 15th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), p.83, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/isda.2015.7489255

B. Gaume, Balades Aléatoires dans les Petits Mondes Lexicaux. I3 Information Interaction Intelligence, vol.4, p.113, 2004.

B. Vahid, A Comparative Study of Online Translation Services for Cross Language Information Retrieval, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW '15 Companion, p.150, 2015.

. Huang, , 2012.

, Improving word representations via global context and multiple word prototypes, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics : Long Papers, vol.1, p.36

E. Ide, New experiments in relevance feedback. The SMART retrieval system, p.58, 1971.

N. Ide and K. Et-suderman, Integrating linguistic resources : The american national corpus model, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), p.33, 2006.

. Ide, P. N. Wilks-;-ide, and P. Y. Wilks, Making Sense About Sense, éditeurs : Word Sense Disambiguation, numéro 33 de Text, Speech and Language Technology, pp.98-99, 2007.

A. Islam and D. Et-inkpen, Managing the Google Web 1t 5gram data set, 2009 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, p.34, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/nlpke.2009.5313839
URL : http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~diana/publications/iee_nlpk_105.pdf

J. R. Jayakody, Natural language processing framework : WordNet based sentimental analyzer, Proceedings of the International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, p.38, 2016.

[. Jiang, Learning to diversify search results via subtopic attention, Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '17, p.54, 2017.
DOI : 10.1145/3077136.3080805

. Jimeno-yepes, Exploiting MeSH indexing in MEDLINE to generate a data set for word sense disambiguation, BMC bioinformatics, vol.12, issue.1, pp.223-268, 2011.

[. Joho, A Study of User Interaction with a Concept-Based Interactive Query Expansion Support Tool, Advances in Information Retrieval, p.53, 2004.

[. Jones, Generating Query Substitutions, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW '06, p.67, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1135777.1135835

. Bibliographie-[kuzi, Query Expansion Using Word Embeddings, Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '16, vol.2, pp.65-66, 2016.

M. Lafourcade, Making people play for Lexical Acquisition with the JeuxDeMots prototype, SNLP'07 : 7th international symposium on natural language processing, p.45, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00200883

M. Lafourcade and N. L. Et-brun, Extracting semantic relations via the combination of inferences, schemas and cooccurrences, Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, p.45, 2017.

[. Lahbib, Arabic Terminology Extraction and Enrichment Based on Domain-Specific Text Mining, Proceedings of The 27th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, p.155, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/ictai.2015.59

. Landauer, T. Dooley-;-landauer, and S. Dooley, Latent Semantic Analysis : Theory, Method and Application, Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning : Foundations for a CSCL Community, CSCL '02, vol.2, pp.36-66, 2002.

. Landis, J. R. Koch-;-landis, and G. G. Koch, The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data, Biometrics, vol.33, issue.1, pp.159-174, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/2529310

V. Lavrenko, A Generative Theory of Relevance, Springer Science & Business Media. 2 citations pages, vol.57, p.61, 2008.

[. Leacock, Using Corpus Statistics and WordNet Relations for Sense Identification, Computational Linguistics, vol.24, issue.1, p.33, 1998.

C. Lee and W. B. Croft, Cross-Language Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Techniques for Informal Text, Advances in Information Retrieval, p.70, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-06028-6_22
URL : http://maroo.cs.umass.edu/pub/web/getpdf.php?id=1092

G. Leech, 100 million words of English, vol.9, p.33, 1993.
DOI : 10.1017/s0266078400006854

E. Lefever and V. Et-hoste, SemEval-2010 Task 3 : CrossLingual Word Sense Disambiguation, éditeurs : Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, p.48, 2010.

E. Lefever, V. Et-hoste, and . Luca, MultiLexExplorer : Combining Multilingual Web Search with Multilingual Lexical Resources, Proceedings of the Combined Workshop on LanguageEnhanced Educational Technology and Development and Evaluation of Robust Spoken Dialogue Systems, vol.10, p.96, 2006.

[. Lund, K. Burgess-;-lund, and C. Burgess, Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, vol.28, issue.2, p.66, 1996.
DOI : 10.3758/bf03204766
URL : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03204766.pdf

[. Lv, Knowledge-Based Query Expansion in Real-Time Microblog Search, Information Retrieval Technology, p.65, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-28940-3_4
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.03961

[. Macdonald, From puppy to maturity : Experiences in developing Terrier, Proceedings of the SIGIR 2012 Workshop in Open Source Information Retrieval, vol.3, p.147, 2012.

[. Manning, Introduction to Information Retrieval, vol.14, p.150, 2008.

C. D. Manning and H. Et-schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, p.92, 1999.

M. Masterman, Semantic message detection for machine translation using an interlingua. pages 438-475, UK. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p.38, 1961.

[. Mbarek, , 2017.

, Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Method based on the Cross Product of Irrelevant Documents, vol.IJWA, p.62

. Mcnamee, P. Mayfield-;-mcnamee, and J. Mayfield, Comparing Crosslanguage Query Expansion Techniques by Degrading Translation Resources, Proceedings of the 25th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '02, vol.2, pp.69-71, 2002.

S. W. Mcroy, Using Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination, Comput. Linguist, vol.18, issue.1, p.45, 1992.

[. Miao, Proximity-based Rocchio's Model for Pseudo Relevance, Proceedings of the 35th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '12, p.58, 2012.

R. Mihalcea, Unsupervised Large-vocabulary Word Sense Disambiguation with Graph-based Algorithms for Sequence Data Labeling, Proceedings of the BIBLIOGRAPHIE Conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, HLT '05, p.49, 2005.

R. Mihalcea, Using Wikipedia for Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation, Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, p.41, 2007.

R. Mihalcea and D. Et-moldovan, Word sense disambiguation based on semantic density, Proceedings of COLING/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language Processing, p.45, 1998.

[. Mikolov, Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and Their Compositionality, Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol.2, p.66, 2013.

[. Miller, . Charles, G. A. Miller, and W. G. Charles, Contextual correlates of semantic similarity, Language and Cognitive Processes, vol.6, issue.1, p.38, 1991.

[. Miller, Using a Semantic Concordance for Sense Identification, Proceedings of the Workshop on Human Language Technology, HLT '94, p.33, 1994.

D. Milne-et-witten-;-milne and I. H. Et-witten, Learning to Link with Wikipedia, Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '08, p.67, 2008.

B. Mitra and N. Craswell, Neural Text Embeddings for Information Retrieval, Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, WSDM '17, p.22, 2017.

. Montgomery, Effect of Varying Number of Documents in Blind Feedback : Analysis of the 2003 NRRC RIA Workshop "Bf_numdocs" Experiment Suite, Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '04, p.68, 2004.

[. Monti, , 2013.

, Natural Language Processing and Big Data-An Ontology-Based Approach for CrossLingual Information Retrieval, 2013 International Conference on Social Computing, pp.725-731

M. Nasiruddin, F. Boudin, and L. Barrault, État de l'art de l'induction de sens : une voie vers la désambiguïsation lexicale pour les langues peu dotées, éditeurs : Rencontres des Étudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement BIBLIOGRAPHIE Automatique des Langues, RÉCITAL, p.47, 2013.

R. Navigli, Word sense disambiguation : A survey, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol.41, issue.2, p.124, 2009.

R. Navigli and M. Lapata, An Experimental Study of Graph Connectivity for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell, vol.32, issue.4, pp.39-49, 2010.

R. Navigli and S. P. Ponzetto, BabelNet : The Automatic Construction, Evaluation and Application of a Wide-coverage Multilingual Semantic Network, Artif. Intell, vol.193, pp.143-155, 2012.

[. Neale, Word sense-aware machine translation : Including senses as contextual features for improved translation models, Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016), p.31, 2016.

. Ng, H. T. Lee-;-ng, and H. B. Lee, Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate Word Sense : An Exemplar-based Approach, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL '96, p.33, 1996.

A. N. Ngom, Étude des mesures de similarité sémantique basées sur les arcs, CORIA 2015-Conférence en Recherche d'Infomations et Applications-12th, 2015.

, French Information Retrieval Conference, p.38

. Nguyen, K. Ock-;-nguyen, and C. Et-ock, Word sense disambiguation as a traveling salesman problem, Artificial Intelligence Review, vol.40, issue.4, pp.98-101, 2013.

J. Nie, Query expansion and query translation as logical inference, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.54, issue.4, p.73, 2003.

. Nie and J. Nie, Cross-language Information Retrieval, vol.8, p.153, 2010.

. Nilsson, SUiS-crosslanguage ontology-driven information retrieval in a restricted domain, Proceedings of the 15th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2005), p.64, 2006.

[. Niu, Context clustering for word sense disambiguation based on modeling pairwise context similarities, 2004.

, SENSEVAL-3 : Third International Workshop on the Evaluation of Systems for the Semantic Analysis of Text, p.36

[. Oard, User-assisted Query Translation for Interactive Cross-language Information Retrieval. Information Processing and Management, vol.44, pp.77-96, 2008.

. Bibliographie-[ogden, Keizai : An interactive cross-language text retrieval system, Proceeding of the MT SUMMIT VII workshop on machine translation for cross language information retrieval, vol.416, p.96, 1999.

[. Ogilvie, On the number of terms used in automatic query expansion, Information Retrieval, vol.12, issue.6, p.137, 2009.

. Ounis, , 2006.

C. Lioma, Terrier : A high performance and scalable information retrieval platform, Proceedings of ACM SIGIR'06 Workshop on Open Source Information Retrieval, 2006.

. Ounis, Research directions in terrier : a search engine for advanced retrieval on the web, CEPIS Upgrade Journal, vol.8, issue.1, 2007.

[. Pal, Improving query expansion using WordNet, Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, vol.65, issue.12, p.64, 2014.

[. Panchenko, Unsupervised Does Not Mean Uninterpretable : The Case for Word Sense Induction and Disambiguation, Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, p.46, 2017.

P. Pantel and D. Lin, Discovering Word Senses from Text, Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD '02, p.43, 2002.

F. Paskalis and M. Khodra, Word sense disambiguation in information retrieval using query expansion, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), vol.3, p.151, 2011.

[. Paternostre, Carry, un algorithme de désuffixation pour le français, 2002.

D. B. Paul and J. M. Baker, The Design for the Wall Street Journal-based CSR Corpus, Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech and Natural Language, HLT '91, p.33, 1992.

[. Pennington, Glove : Global vectors for word representation, Proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP), p.66, 2014.

[. Picton, Align, Disambiguate and Walk : A Unified Approach for Measuring Semantic Similarity, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), p.39, 2008.

B. Pincemin, Concordances et concordanciers : de l'art du bon KWAC, p.92, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00356008

. Pincemin, Concordanciers : Thème et variations, Presses Universitaires de, vol.2, p.92, 2006.

F. J. Pinto and C. F. Et-pérez-sanjulián, Automatic query expansion and word sense disambiguation with long and short queries using WordNet under vector model, Actas de los Talleres de las Jornadas de Ingeniería del Software y Bases de Datos, vol.2, p.139, 2008.
DOI : 10.1504/ijcat.2008.022422

S. Ploux and B. Victorri, Construction d'espaces sémantiques à l'aide de dictionnaires de synonymes, Traitement Automatique des Langues, issue.39, p.101, 1998.

S. P. Ponzetto and R. Navigli, Knowledge-Rich Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling Supervised Systems, ACL 2010, Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol.2, pp.39-41, 2010.

M. F. Porter, Readings in Information Retrieval, pp.313-316, 1997.

J. Reisinger and R. J. Mooney, Multi-prototype vector-space models of word meaning, Human Language Technologies : The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, p.36, 2010.

P. Resnik, Exploiting Hidden Meanings : Using Bilingual Text for Monolingual Annotation, Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, p.49, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-24630-5_35

D. Reymond, Méthodologie pour la création d'un dictionnaire distributionnel dans une perspective d'étiquetage lexical semi-automatique. 6ème Rencontre des étudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues, p.42, 2002.

S. E. Robertson and K. S. Jones, Relevance weighting of search terms, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, vol.27, issue.3, p.59, 1976.
DOI : 10.1002/asi.4630270302

J. Bibliographie-[rocchio-;-rocchio, Relevance Feedback in Information Retrieval, The SMART Retrieval System, p.57, 1971.

M. Roche and J. Chauché, LSA : les limites d'une approche statistique, Proceedings of atelier FDC, vol.6, p.36, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00102797

F. Role and M. Nadif, Handling the Impact of Low Frequency Events on Co-occurrence based Measures of Word Similarity-A Case Study of Pointwise Mutual Information, KDIR 2011-Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, p.36, 2011.

J. Romberg, Comparing Relevance Feedback Techniques on German News Articles, 17. Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs "Datenbanken und Informationssysteme" (DBIS), 6.10. März, p.68, 2017.

. Salton, G. Buckley-;-salton, and C. Buckley, Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Information processing & management, vol.24, p.12, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4573(88)90021-0
URL : https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/6721/1/87-881.pdf

S. Sandri, La combinaison de l'information incertaine et ses aspects algorithmiques, vol.3, p.78, 1991.

[. Saneifar, Passage Retrieval in Log Files : An Approach Based on Query Enrichment, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00816291

, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.6233, p.67

[. Saneifar, Enhancing passage retrieval in log files by query expansion based on explicit and pseudo relevance feedback, Computers in Industry, vol.65, issue.6, p.67, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compind.2014.02.010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-01054896

. Santos, Exploiting Query Reformulations for Web Search Result Diversification, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW '10, p.53, 2010.
DOI : 10.1145/1772690.1772780

. Santos, Search Result Diversification. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, vol.9, p.54, 2015.

J. Savoy, Ranking schemes in hybrid Boolean systems : A new approach, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol.48, issue.3, pp.235-253, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199703)48:3<235::aid-asi5>3.3.co;2-9

R. Sawhney and A. Et-kaur, A modified technique for Word Sense Disambiguation using Lesk algorithm in Hindi language, 2014 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), p.30, 2014.

. Bibliographie-[schamoni, , 2014.

, Learning Translational and Knowledge-based Similarities from Relevance Rankings for Cross-Language Retrieval, Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2014, vol.2, p.50

H. Schütze, Word space, Advances in neural information processing systems, p.65, 1993.

F. Segond, Framework and results for French, Computers and the humanities, vol.34, issue.1-2, p.183, 2000.

[. Sharma, Finding similar patents through semantic expansion, 2016 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), p.38, 2016.

V. K. Sharma, N. ;. Et-mittal, J. K. Mandal, S. K. Udgata, and V. Bhateja, Cross Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) : Review of Tools, Challenges and Translation Approaches, éditeurs : Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications, numéro 433 de Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, pp.699-708, 2016.

C. Silberer and S. P. Ponzetto, UHD : Cross-Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation Using Multilingual Co-Occurrence Graphs, 2010.

C. Strapparava, éditeurs : Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, p.49, 2010.

[. Singh, Sentiment analysis of Movie reviews and Blog posts, 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), p.32, 2013.

. Sinha, R. Sinha, and R. Mihalcea, Unsupervised Graph-based Word Sense Disambiguation Using Measures of Word Semantic Similarity, Proceedings of the International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC '07, p.39, 2007.

R. R. Sokal and C. D. Michener, A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationship, vol.38, p.43, 1958.

P. Sorg and P. Cimiano, Exploiting Wikipedia for Crosslingual and Multilingual Information Retrieval, Data Knowl. Eng, vol.74, pp.26-45, 2012.

K. Sparck-jones, A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval, Journal of documentation, vol.28, issue.1, p.12, 1972.

[. Steinbach, A comparison of document clustering techniques, KDD workshop on text mining, vol.400, p.43, 2000.

. Bibliographie-[stevenson, M. Wilks-;-stevenson, and Y. Wilks, The Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Word Sense Disambiguation, Computational Linguistics, vol.27, issue.3, p.45, 2001.

[. Stojanovic, SEAL : A Framework for Developing SEmantic PortALs, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Knowledge Capture, K-CAP '01, p.38, 2001.

[. Sugawara, Context Representation with Word Embeddings for WSD, Computational Linguistics, p.102, 2015.

. Symonds, Automatic query expansion : A structural linguistic perspective, JASIST, vol.65, issue.8, p.66, 2014.

. Symonds, Tensor query expansion : a cognitively motivated relevance model, 16th Australasian Document Computing Symposium, p.66, 2011.

L. Tamine, Optimisation de requêtes dans un système de recherche d'information : Approche basée sur l'exploitation de techniques avancées de l'algorithme génétique, p.10, 2000.

A. Tchechmedjiev, État de l'art : mesures de similarité sémantique locales et algorithmes globaux pour la désambiguïsation lexicale à base de connaissances, Actes de la confrence conjointe JEP-TALN-RECITAL, p.38, 2012.

A. Tobin, Is Google Translate Good Enough for Commercial Websites ? : A Machine Translation evaluation of text from English websites into four different languages, Reitaku review : English culture research, vol.21, p.150, 2015.

F. Türe and E. Et-boschee, Learning to Translate : A QuerySpecific Combination Approach for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval, éditeurs : Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, p.50, 2014.

P. D. Turney, Mining the Web for Synonyms : PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL, Machine Learning : ECML 2001, p.36, 2001.

P. D. Turney and P. Pantel, From Frequency to Meaning : Vector Space Models of Semantics, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, vol.37, issue.1, p.66, 2010.

I. Bibliographie-;-vuli? and M. Moens, Monolingual and Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Models Based on (Bilingual) Word Embeddings, Proceedings of the 38th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '15, p.22, 2015.

[. Wang, A Study of Methods for Negative Relevance Feedback, Proceedings of the 31st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR '08, p.58, 2008.

[. Wang, Cross-lingual Pseudo Relevance Feedback Based on Weak Relevant Topic Alignment, Proceedings of the 29th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, p.70, 2015.

S. F. Weiss, Learning to disambiguate. Information Storage and Retrieval, vol.9, p.42, 1973.

[. Wilks, , 1990.

B. M. Slator, Providing machine tractable dictionary tools. Machine Translation, vol.5, p.30, 1990.

G. Williams, K. Williams, and C. L. Giles, Improving Similar Document Retrieval Using a Recursive Pseudo Relevance Feedback Strategy, Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE-CS on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, JCDL '16, p.61, 2016.

P. Wu, Z. Wu, and M. Palmer, Verbs Semantics and Lexical Selection, Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL '94, pp.37-38, 1994.

. Xiong, D. Zhang-;-xiong, and M. Zhang, A Sense-Based Translation Model for Statistical Machine Translation, Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol.1, p.31, 2014.

. Xu, . Croft, J. Xu, and W. B. Croft, Improving the Effectiveness of Information Retrieval with Local Context Analysis, ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), vol.18, issue.1, p.61, 2000.

[. Yan, Multimedia Search with Pseudo-relevance Feedback, Proceedings of the 2Nd International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR'03, p.58, 2003.

D. Yarowsky, Hierarchical Decision Lists for Word Sense Disambiguation, Computers and the Humanities, vol.34, issue.1-2, pp.45-98, 2000.

. Bibliographie-[yin, Query Expansion Using External Evidence, Advances in Information Retrieval, p.67, 2009.

. Yoo, . Choi, S. Yoo, and J. Choi, On the query reformulation technique for effective MEDLINE document retrieval, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol.43, issue.5, p.61, 2010.

D. Yuret and M. A. Et-yatbaz, The Noisy Channel Model for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation, Computational Linguistics, vol.36, issue.1, pp.45-101, 2010.

L. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.1, issue.1, p.130, 1978.

[. Zhang, Concept Based Query Expansion Using WordNet, Proceedings of the 2009 International e-Conference on Advanced Science and Technology, AST '09, p.63, 2009.

[. Zhou, Translation techniques in cross-language information retrieval, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol.45, issue.1, p.22, 2012.

. Zhou, . Han, X. Zhou, and H. Han, Survey of Word Sense Disambiguation Approaches, FLAIRS Conference, p.98, 2005.

, A.1 Corpus documentaire

L. &apos;ensemble-de-documents, J. , U. Dans-le-standard-de-test, and R. , est composé de textes parallèles en neuf langues faisant partie du Journal Officiel de la Commission européenne (série C, année 1993). ). Les textes (au nombre de plusieurs milliers) sont constitués de questions écrites des parlementaires européens sur un large éventail de sujets, 2000.

, La taille totale du corpus est d'environ 10,2 millions de mots (environ 1,1 millions de mots par langue) correspondant à l'année 1993, qui ont été recueillis

, Les identifiants des revues originales sont marqués avec un en-tête commençant par &&& suivi de l'identifiant de document. Chaque question débute par le symbole, Les documents de ROMANSEVAL sont écrit en texte plat (et non pas dans un format XML)