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[. Spectre-electromagnétique and ]. .. Esa-/-aoes-medialab, , p.15

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. , Concentrations atmosphériques de CO2, CH4 et N2O pour différents scénarios

. , Distribution de l'ozone stratosphérique moyenné sur les longitudes. Mesures réalisées par l'instrument OSIRIS embarqué sur le satellite ODIN, en Mars, 2004.

. , Moyenne annuelle zonale de la température (tiret) et de la température potentielle (trait plein) en Kelvin. (Shepherd, 2003)

. , Coupe latitude et hauteur du rapport de mélange du CH 4 pour le mois d'Octobre. (Shepherd, 2003)

. , Les anomalies sont calculées à partir de la moyenne de, Anomalies moyennes annuelles de la colonne totale d'ozone depuis les années, 1960.

. , Liste des tableaux 1.1 Composition de l'atmosphère selon (Brasseur and Solomon, 2006) et (Madronich, 1993)

. , Coordonnées et altitudes des sites de mesures

.. .. Données-d'ozone,

.. .. Données,

. .. Données-disponibles-sur-les-nuages, 29 165 166 LISTE DES TABLEAUX Résumé Projection Climatique du Rayonnement

. Morgenstern, Toutefois, l'émission des gaz à effet de serre (GHG) est en augmentation et devrait affecter au cours du 21ème siècle la distribution et les niveaux d'ozone dans l'atmosphère terrestre. En particulier, la modélisation du climat futur montre des signes d'accélération de la circulation de Brewer-Dobson transportant l'ozone de l'équateur vers les pôles. L'ozone est un constituant chimique important de l'atmosphère. Bien que nocif dans la troposphère, il est essentiel à la vie sur Terre grâce à sa capacité d'absorption d'une grande partie du rayonnement ultraviolet (UV) provenant du Soleil, Des modifications dans sa variabilité temporelle ou géographique impliqueraient des changements d'intensité du rayonnement UV à la surface de la Terre, 1987.

I. Erickson, Dans l'océan la pompe biologique du CO2 par la photosynthèse du phytoplancton est aussi directement affecté par la variabilité du rayonnement UV, Le rayonnement UV à la surface affecte toute la biosphère. Les interactions entre rayonnement UV et écosystèmes terrestres et aquatiques sont nombreuses. Ces interactions ont des effets sur les cycles biogéochimiques et engendrent des rétroactions positives et négatives sur le climat, 1980.

, L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'analyser l'évolution possible du rayonnement UV au cours du 21ème siècle, en particulier aux tropiques sud

. Madronich, 1998) et à comparer les résultats aux mesures sols réalisées à la Réunion. Cette première partie permet l'utilisation future du modèle aux tropiques avec un bon niveau de confiance. La sensibilité du modèle de transfert radiatif en fonction de différents paramètres d'entrée est analysée, Une première partie de ce travail consiste à modéliser le rayonnement UV en ciel clair dans les tropiques grâce au modèle TUV

. Meinshausen, couplées aux modèle TUV, validé en première partie dans les tropiques. L'exercice CCMI consiste à projeter le climat et la chimie Terrestre jusqu'en 2100 selon différents scénarios. Ces sorties décrivant la chimie et physique de l'atmosphère servent d'entrée au modèle de transfert radiatif, on obtient alors le rayonnement UV jusqu'en 2100 pour différents scénarios, Les projections climatiques des indices UV (Mc Kinlay and Diffey, 1987) sont réalisées par la suite. Pour cela, on utilise les sorties de plusieurs modèles de Chimie-Climat participant à l'exercice d'inter-comparaison CCMI

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