C. Ici,

L. Dans-ces-travaux and . Sigles, np" et "p" sont utilisés pour désigner respectivement le caractère non polluant ou polluant des éléments qui leurs sont associés

C. Ici,

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, Selon cette propriété, il est possible de définir ces technologies productives grâce à un ensemble réduit d'hypothèses. Ainsi, des technologies de production polluante convexes, non-convexes et hybrides, peuvent être définies. De plus, cette approche peut être appréhendée suivant plusieurs stratégies de partitionnement qui présentent un intérêt particulier pour la mise en oeuvre des études empiriques. La deuxième partie est vouée à l'analyse des fonctions de distance. Ainsi, des mesures d'efficience technique généralisées sont proposées. Ces dernières sont présentées dans des ensembles de production B-disponibles. Partant de ces résultats, plusieurs tests permettant d'apprécier la structure des ensembles productifs B-disponibles, sont proposés. De plus, de nouveaux résultats de dualité sont introduits. Ces derniers sont construits sous l'hypothèse de B-disponibilité, ce qui atténue l'importance des axiomes usuels de disponibilité dans l'élaboration de ces résultats. La troisième partie est dédiée aux mesures de productivité. Une généralisation des mesures d'éco-productivité possédant des structures additives et multiplicatives complètes, Ces travaux structurés en trois parties, mettent à jour différents apports théoriques et empiriques. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude des technologies de production selon différentes approches axiomatiques. L'axiome de B-disponibilité est introduit afin d'apporter une définition générale aux technologies de production polluante

, The exposition of this thesis is based on three parts. First, production technologies are analysed with respect to several axiomatic approaches. The B-disposability property is introduced in order to give a more general definition of the pollution-generating technologies. This methodological innovation aims to reveal pollution-generating technologies compatible with a minimal set of assumptions. Then, a more general class of pollution-generating technologies satisfying both convex and non-convex axioms, can be defined. Furthermore, this axiomatic contribution allows to consider inputs and outputs partitions, which is of particular interest in empirical studies. The second part of this work concerns the measurement of technical efficiency. Then, generalised distance functions are introduced in Bdisposable production sets. Following these results, several tests are suggested in order to characterize the structure of B-disposable production technologies. Moreover, innovative duality results are proposed based on the B-disposability property. This considerably weakens classical duality results based upon usual disposal assumptions. In the third part, productivity change is studied. Generalisation of additive and multiplicative complete eco-productivity measures, are introduced. Following non-parametric technologies, Celle-ci repose sur l'estimation non-paramétrique des fonctions de distance additives et multiplicatives généralisées relatées dans ces travaux