L. .. Des-figures,

I. Liste and . .. Abreviations,

V. I. Le-canal-Épendymaire and .. .. ,

C. Ii, Composition cellulaire de la moelle spinale

I. Les and .. .. ,

. , 3’-cyclic nucleotide-3’-phosphodiesterase, vol.34

. , Le potentiel d’action et la conduction saltatoire

V. Les-cellules-Épendymaires and .. .. , 38 2. Composition du canal central et place des cellules épendymaires

. , 42 4. Les cellules épendymaires, cellules souches neurales ?

. , CHAPITRE III : Les lésions médullaires traumatiques

I. .. Incidence,

, Histogram of control DF-10S (green) and bOECs (blue) transplanted

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U. Ea, OECs can be obtained from either the olfactory bulbs (OB-OECs) or from olfactory mucosa (OM-OECs), involving a less invasive approach for autotransplantation. However the vast majority of experimental transplantations have been focusing on OB-OECs although the OM represents a more accessible source of OECs. Importantly, the ability of OM-OECs in comparison to OB-OECs to induce spinal cord recovery in the same lesion paradigm has never been described. We here present data using a multiparametric approach, based on electrophysiological, behavioral, histological and magnetic resonance imaging experiments on the repair potential of OB-OECs and OM-OECs from either primary or purified cultures after a severe model of SCI. Our data demonstrate that transplantation of OECs obtained from OB or OM induces electrophysiological and functional recovery, reduces astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation and improves axonal regrowth. We also show that the purification step is essential for OM-OECs while not required for OB-OECs. Altogether, our study strongly indicates that transplantation of OECs from OM represents the best benefit/risk ratio according to the safety of access of OM and the results induced by transplantations of OM-OECs, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, vol.919

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