H. J. Kimble, The quantum internet, Nature, vol.453, pp.1023-1030, 2008.

N. Sangouard, C. Simon, H. De-riedmatten, and N. Gisin, Quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optics, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.83, pp.33-80, 2011.

N. Sangouard, C. Simon, B. Zhao, Y. Chen, H. De-riedmatten et al., Robust and efficient quantum repeaters with atomic ensembles and linear optics, Phys. Rev. A, vol.77, p.62301, 2008.

C. Simon, M. Afzelius, J. Appel, A. Boyer-de-la-giroday, S. J. Dewhurst et al., Quantum memories, Eur. Phys. J. D, vol.58, pp.1-22, 2010.

A. Lvovsky, B. Sanders, and W. Tittel, Optical quantum memory, Nat. Photonics, vol.3, pp.706-714, 2009.

W. J. Munro, K. A. Harrison, A. M. Stephens, S. J. Devitt, and K. Nemoto, From quantum multiplexing to high-performance quantum networking, Nat. Photonics, vol.4, pp.792-796, 2010.

C. Simon, H. De-riedmatten, and M. Afzelius, Temporally multiplexed quantum repeaters with atomic gases, Phys. Rev. A, vol.82, p.10304, 2010.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.82.010304
URL : https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:36615/ATTACHMENT01

M. Afzelius, C. Simon, H. De-riedmatten, and N. Gisin, Multimode quantum memory based on atomic frequency combs, Phys. Rev. A, vol.79, p.52329, 2009.

M. Bonarota and J. L. Gouët, Highly multimode storage in a crystal, New. J. Phys, vol.13, p.13013, 2011.

S. Y. Lan, A. G. Radnaev, O. A. Collins, D. N. Matsukevich, T. A. Kennedy et al., A multiplexed quantum memory, Opt. Express, vol.17, pp.13639-13645, 2009.
DOI : 10.1364/oe.17.013639

O. Collins, S. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich, and T. Kennedy, Multiplexed memory-insensitive quantum repeaters, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.98, p.60502, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.98.060502
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0610036

M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, G. Hetet, J. J. Longdell, P. K. Lam et al., Coherent optical pulse sequencer for quantum applications, Nature, vol.461, pp.241-245, 2009.

K. Surmacz, J. Nunn, K. Reim, K. C. Lee, V. O. Lorenz et al., Efficient spatially resolved multimode quantum memory, Phys. Rev. A, vol.78, p.33806, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.78.033806
URL : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=2469c606-fe3f-4598-8208-6449b2af4656

M. Shuker, O. Firstenberg, R. Pugatch, A. Ron, and N. Davidson, Storing images in warm atomic vapor, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.100, p.223601, 2008.

K. Vudyasetu, R. M. Camacho, and J. C. Howell, Storage and retrieval of multimode transverse images in hot atomic rubidium vapor, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.100, p.123903, 2008.

, OPTICS EXPRESS, vol.20, issue.11, p.12350, 2012.

I. H. Agha, C. Giarmatzi, Q. Glorieux, T. Coudreau, P. Grangier et al., Time-resolved detection of relative-intensity squeezed nanosecond pulses in an 87 Rb vapor, New J. Phys, vol.13, p.43030, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00624767

V. Boyer, A. M. Marino, R. C. Pooser, and P. D. Lett, Production of entangled images by four-wave mixing, Science, vol.321, pp.544-547, 2008.

G. Hétet, M. Hosseini, B. Sparkes, D. Oblak, P. K. Lam et al., Photon echoes generated by reversing magnetic field gradients in a rubidium vapor, Opt. Lett, vol.33, pp.2323-2325, 2008.

M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. K. Lam, and B. C. Buchler, High efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour, Nat. Commun, vol.2, p.174, 2011.

M. Hosseini, G. Campbell, B. M. Sparkes, P. K. Lam, and B. C. Buchler, Unconditional room-temperature quantum memory, Nat. Phys, vol.7, pp.794-798, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nphys2021
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.8235

H. Sasaki, K. Karaki, M. Mitsunaga, and N. Uesugi, Holographic motion picture: theory and observations, J. Lumin, vol.64, pp.273-281, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2313(95)00042-o

M. Mitsunaga, N. Uesugi, H. Sasaki, and K. Karaki, Holographic motion picture by Eu3+:Y2SiO5, Opt. Lett, vol.19, pp.752-754, 1994.
DOI : 10.1364/ol.19.000752

O. Firstenberg, M. Shuker, R. Pugatch, D. Fredkin, N. Davidson et al., Theory of thermal motion in electromagnetically induced transparency: Effects of diffusion, Doppler broadening, and Dicke and Ramsey narrowing, Phys. Rev. A, vol.77, p.43830, 2008.

C. Cohen-tannoudji, J. Dupont-roc, and G. Grynberg, Atom Photon Interactions: Basic Process and Applications, 2008.

F. Franz, Rubidium spin relaxation in the rare gases under ultraclean conditions, Phys. Rev, vol.139, pp.603-611, 1965.

W. Franzen, Spin relaxation of optically aligned rubidium vapor, Phys. Rev, vol.115, pp.850-856, 1959.

M. Lukin, Colloquium: Trapping and manipulating photon states in atomic ensembles, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.75, pp.457-472, 2003.

M. Fleischhauer and M. Lukin, Quantum memory for photons: dark-state polaritons, Phys. Rev. A, vol.65, p.22314, 2002.

L. Zhao, T. Wang, Y. Xiao, and S. F. Yelin, Image storage in hot vapors, Phys. Rev. A, vol.77, p.41802, 2008.

C. Bennett and G. Brassard, Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing, pp.175-184, 1984.

S. Wang, W. Chen, J. Guo, Z. Yin, H. Li et al., GHz clock quantum key distribution over 260 km of standard telecom fiber, Opt. Lett, vol.37, pp.1008-1018, 20122.

L. Duan, M. Lukin, J. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics, Nature, vol.414, pp.413-421, 2001.

K. Hammerer, A. Sørensen, and E. Polzik, Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.82, pp.1041-93, 2010.

N. Sangouard, C. Simon, H. De-riedmatten, . Gisin, and . Quantum, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.83, pp.33-80

F. Wolfgramm, X. Xing, A. Cerè, A. Predojevi´cpredojevi´c, A. Steinberg et al., Bright filter-free source of indistinguishable photon pairs, Opt. Express, vol.16, pp.18145-51, 2008.

H. Zhang, Preparation and storage of frequency-uncorrelated entangled photons from cavityenhanced spontaneous parametric downconversion Nature Photon, vol.5, pp.628-660, 2011.

Q. Glorieux, J. Clark, N. Corzo, and P. Lett, Generation of pulsed bipartite entanglement using four-wave mixing, New J. Phys, vol.14, p.123024, 2012.

C. Simon, H. De-riedmatten, M. Afzelius, N. Sangouard, H. Zbinden et al., Quantum repeaters with photon pair sources and multimode memories, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.98, p.190503, 2007.

O. Collins, S. Jenkins, K. A. , and K. , Multiplexed memory-insensitive quantum repeaters, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.98, p.60502, 2007.

M. Hosseini, B. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. Lam, and B. Buchler, High efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour, Nature Commun, vol.2, p.174, 2011.

K. Reim, J. Nunn, V. Lorenz, B. Sussman, K. Lee et al., Towards high-speed optical quantum memories Nature Photon, vol.4, pp.218-239, 2010.

K. Reim, P. Michelberger, K. Lee, J. Nunn, and N. Langford, Single-photon-level quantum memory at room temperature, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.107, p.53603, 2011.

J. Longdell, E. Fraval, M. Sellars, and N. Manson, Stopped light with storage times greater than one second using electromagnetically induced transparency in a solid, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.95, p.63601, 2005.

M. Hedges, J. Longdel, L. Y. Sellars, and M. , Efficient quantum memory for light, Nature, vol.465, pp.1052-1058, 2010.

A. Amari, Towards an efficient atomic frequency comb quantum memory, J. Lumin, vol.130, pp.1579-85, 2010.

M. Bonarota, L. Gouët, and J. , Highly multimode storage in a crystal, New J. Phys, vol.13, p.13013, 2011.

, New Journal of Physics, vol.15, p.14, 2013.

M. Hosseini, B. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. Lam, and B. Buchler, Storage and manipulation of light using a Raman gradient-echo process, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys, vol.45, p.124004, 2012.

D. Higginbottom, B. Sparkes, M. Rancic, O. Pinel, M. Hosseini et al., Spatial-mode storage in a gradient-echo memory, Phys. Rev. A, vol.86, p.23801, 2012.

N. Phillips, A. Gorshkov, and I. Novikova, Optimal light storage in atomic vapor, Phys. Rev. A, vol.78, p.23801, 2008.

M. Balabas, K. Jensen, W. Wasilewski, H. Krauter, L. Madsen et al., High quality anti-relaxation coating material for alkali atom vapor cells, Opt. Express, vol.18, pp.5825-5855, 2010.

M. Balabas, T. Karaulanov, M. Ledbetter, and D. Budker, Polarized alkali-metal vapor with minute-long transverse spin-relaxation time, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.105, p.70801, 2010.

R. Zhang, S. Garner, and L. Hau, Creation of long-term coherent optical memory via controlled nonlinear interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.103, p.233602, 2009.

Y. Sagi, A. I. Davidson, and N. , Process tomography of dynamical decoupling in a dense cold atomic ensemble, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.105, p.53201, 2010.

Y. Dudin, L. L. Kuzmich, and A. , Light storage on the time scale of a minute, Phys. Rev. A, vol.87, p.31801, 2013.

S. Zhang, S. Zhou, M. Loy, and G. Wong, Optical storage with electromagnetically induced transparency in a dense cold atomic ensemble, Opt. Lett, vol.36, pp.4530-4532, 2011.

S. Riedl, M. Lettner, C. Vo, S. Baur, R. et al., Bose-Einstein condensate as a quantum memory for a photonic polarization qubit, Phys. Rev. A, vol.85, p.22318, 2012.

Y. Chen, M. Lee, W. I. Du, S. Chen, Y. Chen et al., Coherent optical memory with high storage efficiency and large fractional delay, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.110, p.83601, 2012.

X. Bao, Efficient and long-lived quantum memory with cold atoms inside a ring cavity Nature Phys, vol.8, pp.517-538, 2012.

M. Arikawa, K. Honda, D. Akamatsu, S. Nagatsuka, K. Akiba et al., Quantum memory of a squeezed vacuum for arbitrary frequency sidebands, Phys. Rev. A, vol.81, p.21605, 2010.

Q. Glorieux, J. Clark, A. Marino, and Z. Zhou, Temporally multiplexed storage of images in a gradient echo memory, Opt. Express, vol.20, pp.12350-12358, 2012.

B. Sparkes, M. Hosseini, C. Cairns, D. Higginbottom, G. Campbell et al., Precision dpectral manipulation: a demonstration using a coherent optical memory, Phys. Rev. X, vol.2, p.21011, 2012.

M. Depue, S. Winoto, D. Han, and D. Weiss, Transient compression of a MOT and high intensity fluorescent imaging of optically thick clouds of atoms, Opt. Commun, vol.180, pp.73-82, 2000.

Y. Lin, H. Chou, P. Dwivedi, Y. Chen, and Y. , Using a pair of rectangular coils in the MOT for the production of cold atom clouds with large optical density, Opt. Express, vol.16, pp.3753-61, 2008.

T. Peters, Y. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Lin, and Y. , Optimizing the retrieval efficiency of stored light pulses, Opt. Express, vol.17, pp.6665-75, 2009.

S. Zhang, J. Chen, C. Liu, S. Zhou, M. Loy et al., A dark-line two-dimensional magneto-optical trap of 85 Rb atoms with high optical depth, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.83, p.73102, 2012.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4732818
URL : http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-59735/1/1.4732818.pdf

H. Metcalf and . Van-der-straten, Laser cooling and trapping of atoms, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.20, pp.887-908, 2003.

W. Ketterle, K. Davis, M. Joffe, M. A. Pritchard, and D. , High densities of cold atoms in a dark spontaneous-force optical trap, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.70, pp.2253-2259, 1993.

H. Lee, C. Adams, K. M. Chu, and S. , Raman cooling of atoms in an optical dipole trap, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.76, pp.2658-61, 1996.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2658

W. Petrich, M. Anderson, J. Ensher, and C. , Behavior of atoms in a compressed magnetooptical trap, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.11, pp.1332-1337, 1994.

J. Dalibard and C. Cohen-tannoudji, Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization gradients: simple theoretical models, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol.6, pp.2023-2068, 1989.
DOI : 10.1364/josab.6.002023

G. Hétet, M. Hosseini, B. Sparkes, D. Oblak, P. Lam et al., Photon echoes generated by reversing magnetic field gradients in a rubidium vapor, Opt. Lett, vol.33, pp.2323-2328, 2008.

M. Hosseini, B. Sparkes, G. Hétet, J. Longdell, P. Lam et al., Coherent optical pulse sequencer for quantum applications, Nature, vol.461, pp.241-246, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nature08325

, ? Imaging using quantum noise properties of light, vol.15, p.85027, 2013.

J. B. Clark, Z. Zhou, Q. Glorieux, A. M. Marino, and P. D. Lett, Optics Express, vol.20, p.17050, 2012.

, Quantum mutual information of an entangled state propagating through a fast-light medium

J. B. Clark, R. T. Glasser, Q. Glorieux, U. Vogl, T. Li et al., Nature Photonics, vol.14, p.123024, 2014.

, ? Generation of pulsed bipartite entanglement using four-wave mixing

Q. Glorieux, J. B. Clark, N. V. Corzo, and P. D. Lett, New Journal of Physics, vol.14, p.123024, 2012.

, Extracting spatial information from noise measurements of multispatial-mode quantum states

A. M. Marino, J. B. Clark, Q. Glorieux, and P. D. Lett, European Physical Journal D, vol.66, p.288, 2012.

N. V. Corzo, Q. Glorieux, A. M. Marino, J. B. Clark, R. T. Glasser et al., ? Rotation of the noise ellipse for squeezed vacuum light generated via four-wave mixing, Physical Review A, vol.88, p.43836, 2013.

, Experimental characterization of Gaussian quantum discord generated by four-wave mixing

U. Vogl, R. T. Glasser, Q. Glorieux, J. B. Clark, N. V. Corzo et al., New Journal of Physics, vol.87, p.10101, 2013.

U. Vogl, R. T. Glasser, J. B. Clark, Q. Glorieux, T. Li et al., Not included. References and links 1, New Journal of Physics, vol.16, pp.222-229, 2011.

M. I. Kolobov, The spatial behavior of non-classical light, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.71, pp.1539-1589, 1999.

M. I. Kolobov, Quantum Imaging, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01937827

N. Corzo, A. M. Marino, K. M. Jones, and P. D. Lett, Multi-spatial-mode single-beam quadrature squeezed states of light from four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor, Opt. Express, vol.19, pp.21358-21369, 2011.

V. Boyer, A. M. Marino, and P. D. Lett, Generation of spatially broadband twin beams for quantum imaging, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.100, p.143601, 2008.

M. I. Kolobov and C. Fabre, Quantum limits on optical resolution, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.85, pp.3789-3792, 2000.

N. Treps, N. Gross, W. P. Bowen, C. Fabre, H. Bachor et al., A quantum laser pointer, Science, vol.301, pp.940-943, 2003.

V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, Sub-Rayleigh-diffraction-bound quantum imaging, Phys. Rev. A, vol.79, p.13827, 2009.

N. Treps, U. Andersen, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Maitre et al., Surpassing the standard quantum limit for optical imaging using nonclassical multimode light, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.88, p.203601, 2002.

J. A. Levenson, I. Abram, T. Rivera, and P. Grangier, Reduction of quantum noise in optical parametric amplification, JOSA B, vol.10, pp.2233-2238, 1993.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00870996

E. Brambilla, L. Caspani, O. Jedrkiewicz, L. A. Lugiato, and A. Gatti, High-sensitivity imaging with multi-mode twin beams, Phys. Rev. A, vol.77, p.53807, 2008.

L. A. Lugiato and A. Gatti, Spatial structure of a squeezed vacuum, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.70, pp.3868-3871, 1993.

A. Gatti and L. Lugiato, Quantum images and critical fluctuations in the optical parametric oscillator below threshold, Phys. Rev. A, vol.52, pp.1675-1690, 1995.

, OPTICS EXPRESS, vol.20, issue.15, p.17050, 2012.

J. C. Garrison, M. W. Mitchell, R. Y. Chiao, and E. L. Bolda, Superluminal signals: causal loop paradoxes revisited, Phys. Lett. A, vol.245, pp.19-25, 1998.

P. W. Milonni and . Light, Slow Light and Left-handed Light, 2010.

R. W. Boyd, Slow and fast light: fundamentals and applications, J. Mod. Opt, vol.56, 1908.

M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 2000.

S. L. Braunstein and P. Van-loock, Quantum information with continuous variables, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.77, pp.513-577, 2005.

C. Weedbrook, Gaussian quantum information, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.84, pp.621-669, 2012.

R. T. Glasser, U. Vogl, and P. D. Lett, Stimulated generation of superluminal light pulses via four-wave mixing, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.108, p.173902, 2012.

R. M. Camacho, M. V. Pack, J. C. Howell, A. Schweinsberg, and R. W. Boyd, Wide-bandwidth, tunable, multiple-pulse-width optical delays using slow light in cesium vapor, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.98, p.153601, 2007.

L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, and C. H. Behroozi, Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas, Nature, vol.397, pp.594-598, 1999.

R. T. Glasser, U. Vogl, and P. D. Lett, Demonstration of images with negative group velocities, Opt. Express, vol.20, pp.13702-13710, 2012.

J. Keaveney, I. G. Hughes, A. Sargsyan, D. Sarkisyan, and C. S. Adams, Maximal refraction and superluminal propagation in a gaseous nanolayer, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.109, p.233001, 2012.

L. Brillouin, U ¨ ber die Fortpflanzung des Lichtes in dispergierenden Medien, Ann. Phys. (Leipz.), vol.349, pp.203-240, 1914.

A. Sommerfeld, Ein Einwand gegen die Relativtheorie der Elektrodynamik und seine, Beseitigung. Phys. Zeit, vol.8, pp.841-842, 1907.

R. Y. Chiao and A. Steinberg, Progress in Optics, vol.37, pp.345-405, 1997.

M. D. Stenner, D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, The speed of information in a 'fast-light' optical medium, Nature, vol.425, pp.695-698, 2003.

A. Kuzmich, A. Dogariu, L. J. Wang, P. W. Milonni, and R. Y. Chiao, Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light pulse propagation, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.86, pp.3925-3929, 2001.

V. Boyer, A. M. Marino, R. C. Pooser, and P. D. Lett, Entangled images from fourwave mixing, Science, vol.321, pp.544-547, 2008.

A. Peres and D. R. Terno, Quantum information and relativity theory, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.76, pp.93-123, 2004.

A. I. Lvovsky, B. C. Sanders, and W. Tittel, Optical quantum memory, Nature Photon, vol.3, pp.706-714, 2009.

A. M. Marino, R. C. Pooser, V. Boyer, and P. D. Lett, Tunable delay of EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen entanglement, Nature, vol.457, pp.859-862, 2009.

D. C. Hutchings, M. Sheik-bahae, D. Hagan, and E. Stryland, Kramers-Krönig relations in nonlinear optics, Opt. Quantum Electron, vol.24, pp.1-30, 1992.

L. Duan, G. Giedke, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Inseparability criterion for continuous variable systems, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.84, pp.2722-2725, 2000.

U. Vogl, Advanced quantum noise correlations, New J. Phys, vol.16, p.13011, 2014.

C. M. Caves, Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers, Phys. Rev. D, vol.26, pp.1817-1839, 1982.

R. W. Boyd, Z. Shi, and P. W. Milonni, Noise properties of propagation through slow-and fast-light media, J. Opt, vol.12, p.104007, 2010.

H. Ollivier and W. H. Zurek, Quantum discord: a measure of the quantumness of correlations, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.88, p.17901, 2001.

M. D. Stenner, D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, Fast causal information transmission in a medium with a slow group velocity, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.94, p.53902, 2005.

A. Serafini, F. Illuminati, and S. De-siena, Symplectic invariants, entropic measures and correlations of Gaussian states, J. Phys. B, vol.37, pp.21-28, 2004.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/37/2/l02
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0307073

U. Vogl, Experimental characterization of Gaussian quantum discord generated by four-wave mixing, Phys. Rev. A, vol.87, p.10101, 2013.
DOI : 10.1103/physreva.87.010101
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.6079

, We acknowledge the financial support of the ANR Quandyde (ANR-11-BS10-001) and EPSRC Grant No. EP/J007544, and Iacopo Carusotto and Paulo Maia Neto for very helpful discussions

C. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, Observation of the Coupled Exciton-Photon Mode Splitting in a Semiconductor Quantum Microcavity, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.69, p.3314, 1992.

H. Deng, H. Haug, and Y. Yamamoto, Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.82, p.1489, 2010.

I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Quantum fluids of light, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.85, p.299, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00913374

F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.71, p.463, 1999.

S. Burger, F. S. Cataliotti, C. Fort, F. Minardi, M. Inguscio et al., Superfluid and Dissipative Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Periodic Optical Potential, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.86, p.4447, 2001.

I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Probing Microcavity Polariton Superfluidity through Resonant Rayleigh Scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.93, p.166401, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00129260

A. Amo, Collective fluid dynamics of a polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity, Nature, vol.457, p.291, 2009.

A. Amo, J. Lefrère, S. Pigeon, C. Adrados, C. Ciuti et al., Superfluidity of polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, Nat. Phys, vol.5, p.805, 2009.

D. Sanvitto, Persistent currents and quantized vortices in a polariton superfluid, Nat. Phys, vol.6, p.527, 2010.

A. S. Desyatnikov, L. Torner, and Y. S. Kivshar, Optical vortices and vortex solitons, Prog. Opt, vol.47, p.291, 2005.

U. Essmann and H. Träuble, The direct observation of individual flux lines in type II superconductors, Phys. Lett. A, vol.24, p.526, 1967.

G. W. Rayfield and F. Reif, Quantized vortex rings in superfluid helium, Phys. Rev, vol.136, p.1194, 1964.

K. W. Madison, F. Chevy, W. Wohlleben, and J. Dalibard, Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.84, p.806, 2000.

J. Denschlag, Generating solitons by phase engineering of a Bose-Einstein condensate, Science, vol.287, p.97, 2000.

L. Khaykovich, Formation of a matter-wave bright soliton, Science, vol.296, p.1290, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001628

S. Pigeon, I. Carusotto, and C. Ciuti, Hydrodynamic nucleation of vortices and solitons in a resonantly excited polariton superfluid, Phys. Rev. B, vol.83, p.144513, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00494935

G. Roumpos, M. D. Fraser, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel et al., Single vortex-antivortex pair in an exciton-polariton condensate, Nat. Phys, vol.7, p.129, 2011.

G. Nardin, G. Grosso, Y. Léger, B. Pi¸etkapi¸etka, F. Moriergenoud et al., Hydrodynamic nucleation of quantized vortex pairs in a polariton quantum fluid, Nat. Phys, vol.7, p.635, 2011.

D. Sanvitto, All-optical control of the quantum flow of a polariton condensate, Nat. Photonics, vol.5, p.610, 2011.

K. G. Lagoudakis, M. Wouters, M. Richard, A. Baas, I. Carusotto et al., Quantized vortices in an exciton-polariton condensate, Nat. Phys, vol.4, p.706, 2008.

F. Manni, T. C. Liew, K. G. Lagoudakis, C. Ouelletplamondon, R. André et al., Spontaneous self-ordered states of vortex-antivortex pairs in a polariton condensate, Phys. Rev. B, vol.88, p.201303, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01017389

W. Zhenghan, Topological Quantum Computation, vol.112, 2010.

M. Freedman, A. Kitaev, M. Larsen, and Z. Wang, Topological quantum computation, Bull. Am. Math. Soc, vol.40, p.31, 2003.

C. Nayak, S. H. Simon, A. Stern, M. Freedman, and S. D. Sarma, Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation, Rev. Mod. Phys, vol.80, p.1083, 2008.

R. Dall, M. D. Fraser, A. S. Desyatnikov, G. Li, S. Brodbeck et al., Creation of Orbital Angular Momentum States with Chiral Polaritonic Lenses, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.113, p.200404, 2014.

K. Lagoudakis, T. Ostatnicky, A. V. Kavokin, Y. G. Rubo, R. André et al., Observation of halfquantum vortices in an exciton-polariton condensate, Science, vol.326, p.974, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01016992

H. Flayac, I. A. Shelykh, D. D. Solnyshkov, and G. Malpuech, Topological stability of the half-vortices in spinor exciton-polariton condensates, Phys. Rev. B, vol.81, p.45318, 2010.

G. Tosi, Onset and Dynamics of Vortex-Antivortex Pairs in Polariton Optical Parametric Oscillator Superfluids, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.107, p.36401, 2011.

S. , Spin Textures of Exciton-Polaritons in a Tunable Microcavity with Large TE-TM Splitting, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.115, p.246401, 2015.

J. Keeling and N. G. Berloff, Spontaneous Rotating Vortex Lattices in a Pumped Decaying Condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.100, p.250401, 2008.

A. V. Gorbach, R. Hartley, and D. V. Skryabin, Vortex Lattices in Coherently Pumped Polariton Microcavities, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.104, p.213903, 2010.

T. C. Liew, Y. G. Rubo, and A. V. Kavokin, Generation and Dynamics of Vortex Lattices in Coherent ExcitonPolariton Fields, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.101, p.187401, 2008.

K. Kusudo, N. Y. Kim, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, A. Forchel et al., Stochastic formation of polariton condensates in two degenerate orbital states, Phys. Rev. B, vol.87, p.214503, 2013.

G. Tosi, G. Christmann, N. G. Berloff, P. Tsotsis, T. Gao et al., Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids, Nat. Commun, vol.3, p.1243, 2012.

P. Cristofolini, A. Dreismann, G. Christmann, G. Franchetti, N. G. Berloff et al., Optical Superfluid Phase Transitions and Trapping of Polariton Condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.110, p.186403, 2013.

M. Vladimirova, S. Cronenberger, D. Scalbert, K. V. Kavokin, A. Miard et al., Polariton-polariton interaction constants in microcavities, Phys. Rev. B, vol.82, p.75301, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00559238

A. M. Amaral, E. L. Falcão-filho, and C. B. De-araújo, Characterization of topological charge and orbital angular momentum of shaped optical vortices, Opt. Express, vol.22, p.30315, 2014.

L. Allen and M. Padgett, The Poynting vector in LaguerreGaussian beams and the interpretation of their angular momentum density, Opt. Commun, vol.184, p.67, 2000.

, 116402 for a theoretical calculation of the conservation of the orbital angular momentum injected by the pump in the polariton superfluid in the steady state regime

E. L. Bolda and D. F. Walls, Detection of Vorticity in BoseEinstein Condensed Gases by Matter-Wave Interference, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.81, p.5477, 1998.

A. Amo, Polariton superfluids reveal quantum hydrodynamic solitons, Science, vol.332, p.1167, 2011.

R. Hivet, Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles, Nat. Phys, vol.8, p.724, 2012.

T. Boulier, H. Terças, D. D. Solnyshkov, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino et al., Vortex chain in a resonantly pumped polariton superfluid, Sci. Rep, vol.5, p.9230, 2015.

E. Cancellieri, T. Boulier, R. Hivet, D. Ballarini, D. Sanvitto et al., Merging of vortices and antivortices in polariton superfluids, Phys. Rev. B, vol.90, p.214518, 2014.

R. Hivet, E. Cancellieri, T. Boulier, D. Ballarini, D. Sanvitto et al., Interaction-shaped vortex-antivortex lattices in polariton fluids, Phys. Rev. B, vol.89, p.134501, 2014.

L. Dominici, Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid, Sci. Adv, vol.1, p.1500807, 2015.

V. K. Tkachenko, Stability of vortex lattices, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol.23, p.1049, 1966.

I. Coddington, P. Engels, V. Schweikhard, and E. A. Cornell, Observation of Tkachenko Oscillations in Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.91, p.100402, 2003.

, * Corresponding author. quentin.glorieux@sorbonne-universite.fr

P. Kapitza, Nature, vol.141, p.74, 1938.

J. F. Allen and A. D. Misener, Nature, vol.141, p.75, 1938.

T. Byrnes, N. Y. Kim, and Y. Yamamoto, Nat. Phys, vol.10, p.803, 2014.

R. Balili, V. Hartwell, D. Snoke, L. Pfeiffer, and K. West, Science, vol.316, p.1007, 2007.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun et al., Nature, vol.443, p.409, 2006.

A. Amo, J. Lefrère, S. Pigeon, C. Adrados, C. Ciuti et al., Nat. Phys, vol.5, p.805, 2009.

G. Lerario, A. Fieramosca, F. Barachati, D. Ballarini, K. S. Daskalakis et al., Nat. Phys, vol.13, p.837, 2017.

T. Frisch, Y. Pomeau, and S. Rica, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.69, p.1644, 1992.

I. Carusotto, Proc. R. Soc. A, 2014.

P. Larré and I. Carusotto, Phys. Rev. A, vol.91, p.53809, 2015.

C. Michel, O. Boughdad, M. Albert, P. Larré, and M. Bellec, Nat. Commun, vol.9, p.2108, 2018.

D. Vocke, T. Roger, F. Marino, E. M. Wright, I. Carusotto et al., Optica, vol.2, p.484, 2015.

D. Vocke, K. Wilson, F. Marino, I. Carusotto, E. M. Wright et al., Phys. Rev. A, vol.94, p.13849, 2016.

N. ?anti?, A. Fusaro, S. Salem, J. Garnier, A. Picozzi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.120, p.55301, 2018.

N. N. Bogoliubov, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser, vol.11, 1947.

V. Kohnle, Y. Léger, M. Wouters, M. Richard, M. T. Portella-oberli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.106, p.255302, 2011.

D. S. Jin, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.77, p.420, 1996.

M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. Van-druten, D. M. Kurn, D. S. Durfee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.77, p.988, 1996.

R. Onofrio, C. Raman, J. M. Vogels, J. R. Abo-shaeer, A. P. Chikkatur et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.85, p.2228, 2000.

J. Steinhauer, R. Ozeri, N. Katz, and N. Davidson, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.88, p.120407, 2002.

S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. Lai, N. Kumada et al., Nat. Phys, vol.4, p.700, 2008.

R. Y. Chiao, Opt. Commun, vol.179, p.157, 2000.

Q. Glorieux, R. Dubessy, S. Guibal, L. Guidoni, J. Likforman et al., Phys. Rev. A, vol.82, p.33819, 2010.

P. Larré and I. Carusotto, Phys. Rev. A, vol.92, p.43802, 2015.

P. Larré, S. Biasi, F. Ramiro-manzano, L. Pavesi, and I. Carusotto, Eur. Phys. J. D, vol.71, p.146, 2017.

C. M. Nascimento, M. A. Alencar, S. Chávez-cerda, M. G. Silva, M. R. Meneghetti et al., J. Opt. A, vol.8, p.947, 2006.

Y. Zhang, X. Cheng, X. Yin, J. Bai, P. Zhao et al., Opt. Express, vol.23, p.5468, 2015.

, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol.121, p.183604, 2018.

M. Joos, C. Ding, V. Loo, G. Blanquer, E. Giacobino et al., ? Polarization Control of Linear Dipole Radiation Using an Optical Nanofiber, vol.9, p.64035, 2018.

;. M. Cdse, S. Manceau, . Vezzoli, E. Glorieux, L. Giacobino et al., CdS dot-in-rods nanocrystals fast blinking dynamics, 2018.

W. Geng, M. Manceau, N. Rahbany, V. Sallet, M. D. Vittorio et al., C. Couteau. Scientific Reports, vol.6, p.19721, 2016.

, Exciton Fine Structure of CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals Determined by Polarization Microscopy at Room Temperature

S. Vezzoli, M. Manceau, G. Leménager, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino et al., ACS Nano, vol.9, p.7992, 2015.

M. Manceau, S. Vezzoli, Q. Glorieux, F. Pisanello, E. Giacobino et al., ? E?ect of charging on CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods single-photon emission, vol.90, p.35311, 2014.

Q. Fontaine, T. Bienaimé, S. Pigeon, E. Giacobino, A. Bramati et al., Observation of the bogoliubov dispersion in a fluid of light, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.121, p.183604, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01940932

R. H. Dicke, Coherence in spontaneous radiation processes, Physical Review, vol.93, issue.1, p.99, 1954.

D. A. Steck, Rubidium 85 d line data, 2001.

M. Gross and S. Haroche, Superradiance: An essay on the theory of collective spontaneous emission, Physics reports, vol.93, issue.5, pp.301-396, 1982.

M. O. Scully and A. A. Svidzinsky, The super of superradiance, Science, vol.325, issue.5947, pp.1510-1511, 2009.

M. Fleischhauer and M. D. Lukin, Quantum memory for photons: Darkstate polaritons, Physical Review A, vol.65, issue.2, p.22314, 2002.

C. Alcock, V. Itkin, and M. Horrigan, Vapour pressure equations for the metallic elements: 298-2500k, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol.23, issue.3, pp.309-313, 1984.

P. Van-der-straten and H. Metcalf, Atoms and molecules interacting with light: Atomic physics for the laser era, 2016.

Q. Glorieux, Etude theorique et experimentale des correlations quantiques obtenues par melange a quatre ondes dans une vapeur atomique, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558505

O. Mishina, M. Scherman, P. Lombardi, J. Ortalo, D. Felinto et al., Electromagnetically induced transparency in an inhomogeneously broadened transition with multiple excited levels, Physical Review A, vol.83, issue.5, p.53809, 2011.

A. S. Sheremet, L. V. Gerasimov, I. M. Sokolov, D. V. Kupriyanov, O. S. Mishina et al., Quantum memory for light via a stimulated o?-resonant raman process: Beyond the three-level-scheme approximation, Physical Review A, vol.82, issue.3, p.33838, 2010.

R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear optics, 2003.

W. Zhao and P. Pal?y-muhoray, Z-scan technique using top-hat beams, Applied physics letters, vol.63, issue.12, pp.1613-1615, 1993.

C. M. Nascimento, M. A. Alencar, S. Chavez-cerda, M. G. Silva, M. R. Meneghetti et al., Experimental demonstration of novel e?ects on the far-field di?raction patterns of a gaussian beam in a kerr medium, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, vol.8, issue.11, p.947, 2006.

Y. Zhang, X. Cheng, X. Yin, J. Bai, P. Zhao et al., Research of far-field di?raction intensity pattern in hot atomic rb sample, Opt. Express, vol.23, issue.5, pp.5468-5476, 2015.

K. Boller, A. Imamo?, and S. E. Harris, Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency, Physical Review Letters, vol.66, issue.20, p.2593, 1991.

M. Fleischhauer and M. Lukin, Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency, Physical Review Letters, vol.84, issue.22, p.5094, 2000.

Q. Glorieux, R. Dubessy, S. Guibal, L. Guidoni, J. Likforman et al., Double-microscopic model for entangled light generation by four-wave mixing, Physical Review A, vol.82, issue.3, p.33819, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00499509

Q. Glorieux, L. Guidoni, S. Guibal, J. Likforman, and T. Coudreau, Quantum correlations by four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor in a nonamplifying regime: Quantum beam splitter for photons, Physical Review A, vol.84, issue.5, p.53826, 2011.

I. H. Agha, C. Giarmatzi, Q. Glorieux, T. Coudreau, P. Grangier et al., Time-resolved detection of relative-intensity squeezed nanosecond pulses in an 87rb vapor, New Journal of Physics, vol.13, issue.4, p.43030, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00624767

Q. Glorieux, J. B. Clark, N. V. Corzo, and P. D. Lett, Generation of pulsed bipartite entanglement using four-wave mixing, New Journal of Physics, vol.14, issue.12, p.123024, 2012.

N. V. Corzo, Q. Glorieux, A. M. Marino, J. B. Clark, R. T. Glasser et al., Rotation of the noise ellipse for squeezed vacuum light generated via four-wave mixing, Physical Review A, vol.88, issue.4, p.43836, 2013.

U. Vogl, R. T. Glasser, Q. Glorieux, J. B. Clark, N. V. Corzo et al., Experimental characterization of gaussian quantum discord generated by four-wave mixing, Phys. Rev. A, vol.87, p.10101, 2013.

U. Vogl, R. T. Glasser, J. B. Clark, Q. Glorieux, T. Li et al., Advanced quantum noise correlations, New Journal of Physics, vol.16, issue.1, p.13011, 2014.

L. Duan, M. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics, Nature, vol.414, issue.6862, p.413, 2001.

J. B. Clark, R. T. Glasser, Q. Glorieux, U. Vogl, T. Li et al., Quantum mutual information of an entangled state propagating through a fast-light medium, Nature Photonics, vol.8, issue.7, p.515, 2014.

M. S. Bigelow, N. N. Lepeshkin, and R. W. Boyd, Superluminal and slow light propagation in a room-temperature solid, Science, vol.301, issue.5630, pp.200-202, 2003.

P. W. Milonni, Fast light, slow light and left-handed light, 2004.

R. W. Boyd and D. J. Gauthier, Slow and fast light, ROCHESTER UNIV NY INST OF OPTICS, Tech. Rep, 2001.

L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, and C. H. Behroozi, Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas, Nature, vol.397, issue.6720, p.594, 1999.

A. Kozhekin, K. Mølmer, and E. Polzik, Quantum memory for light, Physical Review A, vol.62, issue.3, p.33809, 2000.

R. W. Boyd and D. J. Gauthier, Controlling the velocity of light pulses, Science, vol.326, issue.5956, pp.1074-1077, 2009.

J. B. Khurgin and R. S. Tucker, Slow light: Science and applications, 2008.

H. J. Kimble, The quantum internet, Nature, vol.453, issue.7198, p.1023, 2008.

A. I. Lvovsky, B. C. Sanders, and W. Tittel, Optical quantum memory, Nature photonics, vol.3, issue.12, p.706, 2009.

Q. Glorieux, J. B. Clark, A. M. Marino, Z. Zhou, and P. D. Lett, Temporally multiplexed storage of images in a gradient echo memory, Optics express, vol.20, issue.11, pp.12-350, 2012.

B. Sparkes, J. Bernu, M. Hosseini, J. Geng, Q. Glorieux et al., Gradient echo memory in an ultra-high optical depth cold atomic ensemble, New Journal of Physics, vol.15, issue.8, p.85027, 2013.

G. Hetet, J. Longdell, A. Alexander, P. K. Lam, and M. Sellars, Electrooptic quantum memory for light using two-level atoms, Physical review letters, vol.100, issue.2, p.23601, 2008.

G. Hétet, M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, D. Oblak, P. K. Lam et al., Photon echoes generated by reversing magnetic field gradients in a rubidium vapor, Optics letters, vol.33, issue.20, pp.2323-2325, 2008.

M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. K. Lam, and B. C. Buchler, High eciency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour, Nature communications, vol.2, p.174, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms1175
URL : https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1175.pdf

J. B. Clark, Timing the state of light with anomalous dispersion and a gradient echo memory, 2014.

M. Steger, K. Saeedi, M. Thewalt, J. Morton, H. Riemann et al., Quantum information storage for over 180 s using donor spins in a 28si semiconductor vacuum, Science, vol.336, issue.6086, pp.1280-1283, 2012.

M. Hosseini, Quantum optical storage and processing using raman gradient echo memory, 2012.

G. Hétet, J. Longdell, M. Sellars, P. K. Lam, and B. Buchler, Multimodal properties and dynamics of gradient echo quantum memory, Physical review letters, vol.101, issue.20, p.203601, 2008.

J. B. Clark, Q. Glorieux, and P. D. Lett, Spatially addressable readout and erasure of an image in a gradient echo memory, New Journal of Physics, vol.15, issue.3, p.35005, 2013.

W. Ketterle, K. B. Davis, M. A. Jo?e, A. Martin, and D. E. Pritchard, High densities of cold atoms in a dark spontaneous-force optical trap, Physical review letters, vol.70, issue.15, p.2253, 1993.

M. T. Depue, S. L. Winoto, D. Han, and D. S. Weiss, Transient compression of a mot and high intensity fluorescent imaging of optically thick clouds of atoms, Optics communications, vol.180, issue.1-3, pp.73-79, 2000.

A. M. Marino, J. B. Clark, Q. Glorieux, and P. D. Lett, Extracting spatial information from noise measurements of multi-spatial-mode quantum states, The European Physical Journal D, vol.66, issue.11, p.288, 2012.

B. Schutz, A first course in general relativity, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/cbo9780511984181

A. Peres and D. R. Terno, Quantum information and relativity theory, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.76, issue.1, p.93, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/revmodphys.76.93
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0212023

S. L. Braunstein and P. Van-loock, Quantum information with continuous variables, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.77, issue.2, p.513, 2005.

C. Weedbrook, S. Pirandola, R. García-patrón, N. J. Cerf, T. C. Ralph et al., Gaussian quantum information, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.84, issue.2, p.621, 2012.
DOI : 10.1103/revmodphys.84.621
URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.3234

R. W. Boyd, Slow and fast light: fundamentals and applications, Journal of Modern Optics, vol.56, issue.18-19, pp.1908-1915, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/09500340903159495

L. Brillouin, ¨ Uber die fortpflanzung des lichtes in dispergierenden medien, Annalen der Physik, vol.349, issue.10, pp.203-240, 1914.

M. D. Stenner, D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, The speed of information in a fast-light optical medium, Nature, vol.425, issue.6959, p.695, 2003.

A. Kuzmich, A. Dogariu, L. Wang, P. Milonni, and R. Chiao, Signal velocity, causality, and quantum noise in superluminal light pulse propagation, Physical review letters, vol.86, issue.18, p.3925, 2001.

M. D. Stenner, D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, Fast causal information transmission in a medium with a slow group velocity, Physical review letters, vol.94, issue.5, p.53902, 2005.

H. Wilhelm, Hydrodynamic model of quantum mechanics, Physical Review D, vol.1, issue.8, p.2278, 1970.

C. Sulem and P. Sulem, The nonlinear Schrödinger equation: selffocusing and wave collapse, vol.139, 2007.

C. Coste, Nonlinear schrödinger equation and superfluid hydrodynamics, The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, vol.1, issue.2, pp.245-253, 1998.

F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Theory of bose-einstein condensation in trapped gases, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.71, issue.3, p.463, 1999.

R. Fedele and H. Schamel, Solitary waves in the madelung's fluid: Connection between the nonlinear schrödinger equation and the korteweg-de vries equation, The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, vol.27, issue.3, pp.313-320, 2002.

E. Madelung, Quantentheorie in hydrodynamischer form, Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei, vol.40, issue.3, pp.322-326, 1927.

L. Lugiato, Transverse nonlinear optics: Introduction and review, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol.4, issue.8-9, pp.1251-1258, 1994.

L. Lugiato, M. Brambilla, and A. Gatti, Optical pattern formation, Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, vol.40, pp.229-306, 1999.

M. Brambilla, F. Battipede, L. Lugiato, V. Penna, F. Prati et al., Transverse laser patterns. i. phase singularity crystals, Physical Review A, vol.43, issue.9, p.5090, 1991.

K. Staliunas, Laser ginzburg-landau equation and laser hydrodynamics, Physical Review A, vol.48, issue.2, p.1573, 1993.

Y. Pomeau and S. Rica, Nonlinear di?raction, Académie des Sciences. Série II, vol.317, issue.10, pp.1287-1292, 1993.

P. Coullet, L. Gil, and F. Rocca, Optical vortices, Optics Communications, vol.73, issue.5, pp.403-408, 1989.

M. Vaupel, K. Staliunas, and C. Weiss, Hydrodynamic phenomena in laser physics: Modes with flow and vortices behind an obstacle in an optical channel, Physical Review A, vol.54, issue.1, p.880, 1996.

R. Y. Chiao and J. Boyce, Bogoliubov dispersion relation and the possibility of superfluidity for weakly interacting photons in a two-dimensional photon fluid, Physical Review A, vol.60, issue.5, p.4114, 1999.

J. Klaers, J. Schmitt, F. Vewinger, and M. Weitz, Bose-einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity, Nature, vol.468, p.545, 2010.

C. Ciuti, V. Savona, C. Piermarocchi, A. Quattropani, and P. Schwendimann, Role of the exchange of carriers in elastic exciton-exciton scattering in quantum wells, Physical Review B, vol.58, issue.12, p.7926, 1998.

Y. Yamamoto, F. Tassone, and H. Cao, Semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics, vol.169, 2003.

J. Hopfield, Theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals, Physical Review, vol.112, issue.5, p.1555, 1958.

T. Boulier, E. Cancellieri, N. D. Sangouard, Q. Glorieux, A. Kavokin et al., Injection of orbital angular momentum and storage of quantized vortices in polariton superfluids, Physical review letters, vol.116, issue.11, p.116402, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01311944

S. Pigeon, Fluides quantiques et dispositifsàdispositifsà polaritons, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597945

H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y. Yamamoto, Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons, Science, vol.298, issue.5591, pp.199-202, 2002.

J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, A. Baas, P. Jeambrun et al., Boseeinstein condensation of exciton polaritons, Nature, vol.443, issue.7110, p.409, 2006.

I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Probing microcavity polariton superfluidity through resonant rayleigh scattering, Physical review letters, vol.93, issue.16, p.166401, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00129260

A. Amo, J. Lefrère, S. Pigeon, C. Adrados, C. Ciuti et al., Superfluidity of polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, Nature Physics, vol.5, issue.11, p.805, 2009.

P. Kapitza, Viscosity of liquid helium below the-point, Nature, vol.141, issue.3558, p.74, 1938.

J. F. Allen and A. Misener, Flow of liquid helium ii, Nature, vol.141, issue.3558, p.75, 1938.

K. B. Davis, M. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. Van-druten, D. Durfee et al., Bose-einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms, Physical review letters, vol.75, issue.22, p.3969, 1995.

P. Nozieres, Theory of quantum liquids: Superfluid bose liquids, 2018.

R. P. Feynman, Atomic theory of the two-fluid model of liquid helium, Physical Review, vol.94, issue.2, p.262, 1954.

L. Landau, Theory of the superfluidity of helium ii, Physical Review, vol.60, issue.4, p.356, 1941.

G. B. Hess and W. Fairbank, Measurements of angular momentum in superfluid helium, Physical Review Letters, vol.19, issue.5, p.216, 1967.

J. D. Reppy and D. Depatie, Persistent currents in superfluid helium, Physical Review Letters, vol.12, issue.8, p.187, 1964.

C. Ryu, M. Andersen, P. Clade, V. Natarajan, K. Helmerson et al., Observation of persistent flow of a bose-einstein condensate in a toroidal trap, Physical Review Letters, vol.99, issue.26, p.260401, 2007.

N. A. Silva, J. Mendonça, and A. Guerreiro, Persistent currents of superfluidic light in a four-level coherent atomic medium, JOSA B, vol.34, issue.10, pp.2220-2226, 2017.

A. Amo, S. Pigeon, D. Sanvitto, V. Sala, R. Hivet et al., Polariton superfluids reveal quantum hydrodynamic solitons, Science, vol.332, issue.6034, pp.1167-1170, 2011.

T. Boulier, H. Terças, D. Solnyshkov, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino et al., Vortex chain in a resonantly pumped polariton superfluid, Scientific reports, vol.5, p.9230, 2015.

P. Larré and I. Carusotto, Propagation of a quantum fluid of light in a cavityless nonlinear optical medium: General theory and response to quantum quenches, Physical Review A, vol.92, issue.4, p.43802, 2015.

W. Wan, S. Jia, and J. W. Fleischer, Dispersive superfluid-like shock waves in nonlinear optics, Nature Physics, vol.3, issue.1, pp.46-51, 2007.

W. Wan, D. V. Dylov, C. Barsi, and J. W. Fleischer, Di?raction from an edge in a self-focusing medium, Optics letters, vol.35, issue.16, pp.2819-2821, 2010.

E. Khamis, A. Gammal, G. El, Y. G. Gladush, and A. Kamchatnov, Nonlinear di?raction of light beams propagating in photorefractive media with embedded reflecting wire, Physical Review A, vol.78, issue.1, p.13829, 2008.

D. Vocke, T. Roger, F. Marino, E. M. Wright, I. Carusotto et al., Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids, Optica, vol.2, issue.5, pp.484-490, 2015.

D. Vocke, K. Wilson, F. Marino, I. Carusotto, E. M. Wright et al., Role of geometry in the superfluid flow of nonlocal photon fluids, Physical Review A, vol.94, issue.1, p.13849, 2016.

M. Elazar, V. Fleurov, and S. Bar-ad, All-optical event horizon in an optical analog of a laval nozzle, Physical Review A, vol.86, issue.6, p.63821, 2012.

O. Firstenberg, P. London, M. Shuker, A. Ron, and N. Davidson, Elimination, reversal and directional bias of optical di?raction, Nature Physics, vol.5, issue.9, pp.665-668, 2009.

O. Firstenberg, M. Shuker, N. Davidson, and A. Ron, Elimination of the di?raction of arbitrary images imprinted on slow light, Physical review letters, vol.102, issue.4, p.43601, 2009.

C. Michel, O. Boughdad, M. Albert, P. Larré, and M. Bellec, Superfluid motion and drag-force cancellation in a fluid of light, Nature Communications, vol.9, issue.1, p.2108, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01806947

T. Ci?már, V. Kollárová, X. Tsampoula, F. Gunn-moore, W. Sibbett et al., Generation of multiple bessel beams for a biophotonics workstation, Optics Express, vol.16, issue.18, pp.14-024, 2008.

P. Larré and I. Carusotto, Optomechanical signature of a frictionless flow of superfluid light, Physical Review A, vol.91, issue.5, p.53809, 2015.

W. G. Unruh, Experimental black-hole evaporation?, Physical Review Letters, vol.46, issue.21, p.1351, 1981.

H. S. Nguyen, D. Gerace, I. Carusotto, D. Sanvitto, E. Galopin et al., Acoustic black hole in a stationary hydrodynamic flow of microcavity polaritons, Physical review letters, vol.114, issue.3, p.36402, 2015.

P. Larré, A. Recati, I. Carusotto, and N. Pavlo?, Quantum fluctuations around black hole horizons in bose-einstein condensates, Physical Review A, vol.85, issue.1, p.13621, 2012.

Y. B. Zel'dovich, Generation of waves by a rotating body, ZhETF Pisma Redaktsiiu, vol.14, p.270, 1971.

E. D. Fackerell and J. R. Ipser, Weak electromagnetic fields around a rotating black hole, Physical Review D, vol.5, issue.10, p.2455, 1972.

M. Richartz, A. Prain, S. Liberati, and S. Weinfurtner, Rotating black holes in a draining bathtub: superradiant scattering of gravity waves, Physical Review D, vol.91, issue.12, p.124018, 2015.

P. Larré and I. Carusotto, Propagation of a quantum fluid of light in a cavityless nonlinear optical medium: General theory and response to quantum quenches, Phys. Rev. A, vol.92, p.43802, 2015.

,

I. Bloch, J. Dalibard, and S. Nascimbene, Quantum simulations with ultracold quantum gases, Nature Physics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.267-276, 2012.

J. Otterbach, J. Ruseckas, R. Unanyan, G. Juzeli¯, and M. Fleischhauer, E?ective magnetic fields for stationary light, Physical review letters, vol.104, issue.3, p.33903, 2010.

N. Schine, A. Ryou, A. Gromov, A. Sommer, and J. Simon, Synthetic landau levels for photons, Nature, 2016.

N. Westerberg, C. Maitland, D. Faccio, K. Wilson, P. Ohberg et al., Synthetic magnetism for photon fluids, Phys. Rev. A, vol.94, p.23805, 2016.

W. S. Bakr, J. I. Gillen, A. Peng, S. Fölling, and M. Greiner, A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a hubbard-regime optical lattice, Nature, vol.462, p.74, 2009.

D. G. Angelakis, M. Huo, and L. C. Kwek, Luttinger liquid of photons and spin-charge separation in hollow-core fibers, Physical review letters, vol.106, issue.15, p.153601, 2011.

M. Joos, C. Ding, V. Loo, G. Blanquer, E. Giacobino et al., Polarization control of linear dipole radiation using an optical nanofiber, Phys. Rev. Applied, vol.9, p.64035, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01949453

M. Manceau, S. Vezzoli, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino, L. Carbone et al., Cdse/cds dot-in-rods nanocrystals fast blinking dynamics, ChemPhysChem, vol.19, issue.23, pp.3288-3295

W. Geng, M. Manceau, N. Rahbany, V. Sallet, M. D. Vittorio et al., Localised excitation of a single photon source by a nanowaveguide, Scientific Reports, vol.6, pp.19-721
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01276425

S. Vezzoli, M. Manceau, G. Lemenager, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino et al., Exciton fine structure of cdse/cds nanocrystals determined by polarization microscopy at room temperature, ACS Nano, vol.9, issue.8, p.26212764, 2015.

M. Manceau, S. Vezzoli, Q. Glorieux, F. Pisanello, E. Giacobino et al., E?ect of charging on cdse/cds dot-in-rods single-photon emission, Phys. Rev. B, vol.90, p.35311, 2014.